1 20 8 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/ed10b5c8dfec297bd03b4c08c145fb35.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=dEKzeL%7E84Lh4JRhC37Ovb7ONZr%7E9fQBH5lws9YDviYd2YlTN-ixHNY78Yp8gwVTLWNKGcoH0QDlszY%7E6%7EkiFmWo7UMJY75fVcPiy6eeEpD0cSq8nycYvPVBdqCPrIvznpAc0WK0iUzNcdchyjV7nxiuOT9FzjrNceU3EQnGcI4aG%7E%7Ep554Dzp32kcIa%7E6Xk8NxTt6rPOdm7jXzUzTsSrwqGSe6N1AVkAChKBmdXeFzRW--EQRXNGuvF%7EZLZ2uEkdl8hJJNMd3koh21bJl%7EZueGjuTJGXw5FBPOB946PAOs8QKqHZX6fi-ClDYxgkyJAOzbhL5qdx7DtTxeq8DyaIjg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5298169af3179b3725f6dac5923d8318 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Travels on an inland voyage: through the states of New-York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee and through the territories of Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi and New- Orleans: performed in the years 1807 and 1808: including a tour of nearly six thousand miles Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Schultz, Christian Subject The topic of the resource Ohio River Valley--Description and travel--19th century United States--Description and travel--19th century Great Lakes--Description and travel--19th century Mississippi River Valley--Description and travel--19th century New York (N. Y.)--Imprints--19th century New York--Maps--19th century United States--Maps--19th century Description An account of the resource Covers travels through Ohio and Kentucky and observations on mammoth bones (antiquities), floating mills, land prices and navigating the Ohio. Covers types of river transportation and shipment of goods between Natchez and Kentucky. Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=NdVCAQAAMAAJ&amp;hl=en" target="_blank" title="Travels on an Inland Voyage" rel="noreferrer noopener">Travels on an Inland Voyage</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1810 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available New York: Printed by Isaac Riley Relation A related resource bbf0083a Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB_917.3_S387_1810 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society Rare Book Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource travelogue Language A language of the resource en Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1800s 1810s antiquities bones fossils Illinois Indiana land prices mammoth mills Mississippi navigation New Orleans New York Ohio pamphlets Pennsylvania river river navigation river transport Tennessee Virginia waterway https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/af922f3e0dfdeede8cbde9f98cfd44e7.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=VHbtlpnfgJceNn5Wd8EtgfMVqAmGcpLa1xHBouUozG43ptUYGDJEZYJCocW94liERWGI%7E3ymdDtZ54jTxe3TScDkcyGL%7ExTaW2xi5C3Ps9nQ2Wtjgb01e8OrAGSvPUKCaoHvr2vrSAK714KzRgDqtGDiEd9WHIk-958xDVZl-Y3H5CplaKDy%7EYjonPieg2nFgvrX4dLb39noFxtEUNr3d0kn0imEdUjM9SPTBpzZqznz5fJ3%7EPBzxTAKVFzkNkO3U80svxRXGgxIaQkKbXNODwQjJrioj7-jPpF3uIqOJN8N4mRFvzjyOm78m4UtvnC5Jwqh94ePtctl323Pp3lTpg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3c2329802dbfde4b3aa8bce45d081c9c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Original contributions to the American pioneer Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hildreth, Samuel Prescott Subject The topic of the resource Ohio River Valley--Description and travel--19th century Frontier and pioneer life--Ohio River Valley Ohio--Antiquities Ohio River--Description and travel Ohio River Valley--Description and travel Cincinnati (Ohio)--Imprints--19th century Description An account of the resource Reprinted from the American Pioneer Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ieIyAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP1&amp;hl=en" target="_blank" title="Original Contributions to the American Pioneer" rel="noreferrer noopener">Original Contributions to the American Pioneer</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1844 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Cincinnati: John S. Williams Relation A related resource bbf0057 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB977.1_H644_1844 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society Rare Book Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource travelogue Language A language of the resource en Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1840s antiquities Cincinnati Fort Harmon Ohio Ohio River Ohio River Valley pamphlets travel https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/20ca289ef6671f75298425b68b021cb0.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=ls5YcpJCPigodL53051db8TkZr4uTCDL8TjkpNbZBS5K218-0cq5R5KzSZCNwa4JVypkNB%7ElJrO7soR1Pn3OY3-v2hZDB%7E7%7EpQh1xQZsgsYJkWp062bTAircuntYOVJ3NHf36cZmF1YXG19bx7uPVVDs21t3Oga%7E22L3Ci%7E3kKGveAFFphlFQpGCOMGh9QxnaCeH0SdTCvliwQV-cdmm5vhoMJ8tH65IhD3CFSRkRuveD2hZ2pet2mqPLuC4c2JKoSIJF94JJEGaBmY-Fy64sZnOHNfnuD%7Ed%7EVCtiQ2GSIfzD6nngsxc15pokYU7N3GpD5G6AgqfzAkTEfJHYvp1EA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8dfe58f8d467c1ca88c7c42c475ac00c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letters from the West Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hall, James Subject The topic of the resource Ohio River Valley--Description and travel--19th century Frontier and pioneer life--Mississippi River Valley Mississippi River Valley--Description and travel Ohio River Valley--Description and travel London (England)--Imprints--19th century Description An account of the resource Containing sketches of scenery, manners, and customs, and anecdotes connected with the first settlements of the western sections of the United States. Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=QHUFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA1&amp;hl=en" target="_blank" title="Letters from the West" rel="noreferrer noopener">Letters from the West</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1828 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available London: Henry Colburn Relation A related resource bbf0052 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB_917.7_H177_1828 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RB 917.7 H177 1828, Rare Book Collection, The Filson Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource travelogue Language A language of the resource en Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1820s Frontier Mississippi River Valley Ohio River Valley pamphlets pioneer scenery social customs travel travelogue https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/0eb84e81f85bcf2ca5123841b9973c60.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=rq9VusgNZUSducrMo1vcR-Od0QrcxW1pHVtBKPXMz%7Et-JlBdZSPoGDg537UFwe3JH9AB-pPB0uACiBAA6DGScGMpIjkYR5a8WeyH%7Eg3BMHQwDFoMV0vfcZLHwJHdU935Yn7H0K6Q2g3uQsUECdirnbQyl1ouWxyCe1Z37LsLkZqmkqsulud8saB6HJIKVMr47t7VaVAWGcFuJLJztW8NvJpCW9cqL1KmxbJ50MrLJT6m-Ox4R-xq6N%7EsQuaKK7q0uLSaa63lkQ2sPK67pM%7Ey2wKEkeiBzN6MYQX2A4gBl2DHJfs3kc7I0ZArVaW7fnuH1mE-z4zXdm5Ir%7EQc1ywQYQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 67312f304ac78ea33b0d4c62c868c412 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letters from the South and West Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Knight, Henry Cogswell, aka "Arthur Singleton" Subject The topic of the resource Ohio River Valley--Description and travel--19th century Southern States--Description and travel--19th century Philadelphia (Pa.)--Description and travel--19th century Washington (D. C.)--Description and travel--19th century Ohio River Valley--Social life and customs--19th century Frontier and pioneer life--Kentucky Boston (Mass.)--Imprints--19th century Colonization Settler colonialism Description An account of the resource Title page of Letters from the South and West. Contains observations on the first settlers of Kentucky as well as their cabins, crops, animals and customs. Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=plFHAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA107&amp;hl=en" target="_blank" title="Letters from the South and West" rel="noreferrer noopener">Letters from the South and West</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1824 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Boston: Richardson and Lord Relation A related resource bbf0042 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB 917.6 K69 1824 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rare Book Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No Copyright - United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource book Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1820s agriculture animals crops customs farming Frontier pamphlets pioneer settlement https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/b248821847b00862e7095e747646f2f8.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=e5qEz0Df0774Tl%7EfXNEyiyVF0CeVRqaFE4cGVyrvMxkC9fxGyI%7ECkQKfdpe3m8vUeuYPSSgH2ClzPrgv-E7cNUF8bOPVVPirCfoQgM8FmuJO5-MMtH4Go8DgLelm6pHSF3nGBwV6DM%7E272v4sFZiFP6nS0Xdri8wqmerhiQu2ezxlxz1ogS1U6fcOb-KXfpvUALGHPV4I7lcyAcxffmIcBoZGQlnFzcp1tF7jTHzXWNujHGj6vPEYV%7EZ1BJoQiMC8o-nNgv74V1CsQGolYa8CqMrKSYJPMZEHlChva1yd2IChgiqesAPxroTJaAi3o2065zB9XTPlz5b3DgWPrumHA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8267303fe766df5e60ef3ae8fe463766 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Travels through the Western Interior of the United States, from the year 1808 up to the year 1816 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ker, Henry Subject The topic of the resource Ohio River Valley--Description and travel--19th century Mexico Southwest, Old--Description and travel--19th century United States New Jersey--Imprints--19th Century Description and travel Settler colonialism Colonization Description An account of the resource "Travels through the western interior of the United States, from the year 1808 up to the year 1816: with a particular description of a great part of Mexico, or New-Spain. Containing a particular account of thirteen different tribes of Indians through which the author passed, describing their manners, customs, &c., with some account of a tribe whose customs are similar to those of the ancient Welsh." Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=9hQWAAAAYAAJ&amp;hl=en" target="_blank" title="Travels Through the Western Interior of the United States" rel="noreferrer noopener">Travels Through the Western Interior of the United States</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1816 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Elizabethtown, N. J: Printed for the author Relation A related resource bbf0019 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB 917.3 K39 1816 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rare Book Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource book Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1810s archaeology burial democracy emigration enslavement exploration farming fossils Frankfort Internal migration Legislation Lexington mammoth Marriage Native American pamphlets religion Shawnee https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/f5a013b891426738d94cc226a07825bb.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=IGw8uNA95uLDnVCulbzWcPZLeJzl1ekabfuZro2E9d6AqCqfJY4np7yNvCYJip9BAu8l5frGUn0MHh7g%7E7Y-HEXoQXYB%7EtpTlmGSGGeKImZ-hzXYkVb%7ET4SvcyD4yineumAzDbhU87gCbtlIjc6PImp84MekZgfTC70eSWk%7EynOO0cdJ83XLMYkglJNGcoAKsUKLXkTyqgnZ5tCm-JVlfY%7EuQHZNfO5z3FsxQXYqswaEzXAqOJw4yk8JZfds-WjxiFUufr-sr0-vn4dgTpi4uDozDifrNVAZbVWLbFEYL1jOwcZ3le8f21Ks8qZs82VRbiyEFSVjZGEQnJsvYJh-RA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0e3bfd1e49f83f204141eb8650d79e9f https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/1bcbce84c6fab0a78118e0e5cc5d72bd.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=fBs0bD-89evVz9x6dIandE5PyoZ5EBUJdHczd9AD1OZLzjvdY%7ESRSsY7-idmJlSCy8lGX2guA6FawDFIVh9VT6Er9OOQLpIE6ay8Hyshh0i3bQ5kBOPxRtSJQ57Ph3gL2ldwEq3TOhQZLpz-%7EA9eWbhy6po9e1n8ybblJzWPk3Qj-mHRaCJNjyIGk6L17FG3-mk6dBKO7Lq%7EZwA3pN9-EX834mD%7EWUr7h97utE1mi1bg38afdXq-LbBe2zxzrbZ27EQ0tqm13BnGNbfZ9xGQzTHLsnLs3-QxHAs12DbTpH1JFpYq0S7HpMZt73bajxvQTCh-W4JC4S3Xbtx2POKGAA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM dfb9eeccbc76c5f0ea025efaa05320ec https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/280dc11770ab88cc0b5b7e83225e38b0.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=BLh9xdqGjjpNcN-Qth8KpmdSv7UgMfE1w0B78C0jXraUXEohiCSanCoovEhLXeBFMdalptURYdivVHoL06jprlYiZTU6usTyjjBFV%7Elf8yZvkVGhFNMGJ3GMfov4OKb3mEd7Dma57YA9sG1vqff-AgS8EjbCTOUuJhP8Pp-kqGcG6B2BTCDQSRwzRBe02fKAkTTAt59tA-3imZsSL4mUGR9-Bsd-yn-nBCf3N35f1tagstn7Zx-1ZtdQRXJAmB6Tacdz74sS5mp%7EW3IFmMZq4q-muxfOd94zf0nFKxWzPKmaT5hkTMHP8PH%7EKtvW0l5dZ9AwDR3OZU1phZ1Ou7nUiw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 218328cbdc02054a7734b8781ac66d50 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Constantine Rafinesque to Charles Wilkins Short, 17 July 1818 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Short, Charles Wilkins (1793-1863) Papers, 1802-1869, Filson Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1818-07-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Relation A related resource cmf0022 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. A S559 f84 Description An account of the resource Letter from Constantine Rafinesque to Dr. Charles Wilkins Short in which he tells of his traveling through the western states. Rafinesque mentions his desire to meet Short in Lexington to see his plant specimens. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rafinesque, Constantine Subject The topic of the resource Botany--North America Ohio River Valley--Description and travel--19th century botany exploration fossils Letters science wildlife https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/95281f0f1154308aa114448be64a258a.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=K%7ENX0ZxhwBZhIJaRTiHCF-oOiFPAgbOhox-SPPK%7E2wx7Ge2LPlTrgp-X4Fn4TpsICBJqrHggAd3o5Al1NI4pwi0LdtHwksBWStvlgEOkBpYZv3wXC8KqDeUw5lsUurYJ7q4cJ03LkRtb5qBtOLgeHSvd8CQeNGAWlDDTIgsgzlSM8y4Cf-hpeI0sPB4uBSiuUAxGAqG-O7uXwRTK0x8GiMO4ndgRtXgo8X3VRZ47FL1D6qh34wOhH2CoA513tBJiEwMv--JrOrO1Kw8-TFYpXrgCIvdm0qeym7b43JTOHhXkeskMFrYLI84MS05pcqQDUHFNNsQSq%7E4dAmi5lPQ3aw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0258ecca22a87dfabcf77ad0a901aaba https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/f3ea724ced38de05943485b8bc29a410.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=GDzqJYtESg6Pk9WEl-Q6pyr5HT74OH9STISxryZqAUDoQXmUrMtWWqAu9FM1QnT%7EihpJJIqRN4zFez9aPjbVEmzy%7EYD1e94eoMAuD8SaShg%7EL8TzrFgHIwSDtn9%7EptZhKFhxEsaJuBPqs9jacl%7Er9e1AtjQTQYIum6e-vM3xfn-Q7REhWTSeWm6YRh0F6-uXZuaABf0nsOxa-O3L3iTDXC1M-DYFUZpAsQpvSVlfgke%7ER1xHu-L%7EZIO8byjARbzNQlRoDcgNA%7EYkU23a2ZZ9pdgkoCAFHYYpi6PzbiFcYJkUo6Kdi732-EVvKSyhYMvjmVi%7E0dXfPsD%7EDWxy9N-6bQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4ceabcf56e92f0b9206712ea9c63217a https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/ece2406ba78c0111241c8930acfda3d0.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=qfNTCU4z9YVUxsjDwU9b5svxse0oYFZ7YdxQohaiiFXyBdDtpl-tmMx%7EHs%7EZ73IufNtae0FGJcA0IuJMttR4EwD-9urQtIaCYuFfOwRdLB12CjYenxy%7EqKYVxWYc-pjbjwQdO3j3OZVkqeU%7EngWUgdzU85T%7EpTLJAmy7nrO2AiStcWh2pustKi5kC2jzebcB49X1Zg5CV%7EVmbrEZBcUzZVjIpgiYvirJDQxEznSuKCdz8wZht%7EX-3Qk1a9FXXpaj4NH0VTd7W%7E6%7EHD6cSrayKXZW4Mss5-ObV5vJS5LA2Ko92%7ERhIMw0pHwdLw%7EGQcsy0bz0y8wdkAPCWQCBw1GdMQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 41896befc2202a7cdacf218d49fe96b1 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/e87289c2c3ae193bef7189cb633b5a70.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=kq%7EICnA1SjDr4htSeDbCPUlLYOKg1-qnRl4yYnWEsAGU-sD0NFEwZxG3WuD706mD7aLlJENKQUIbrk71%7EkJstiYHo1gddy47dx%7EPDvEltGnMcGGT0AMgo5eQIAy5nXF3ltt3QdTM9IjplqvjebEIVEeeITKiK-XvGZvxcpkig5BACmcAKGomtp2DHA29OBBu1MlOfES5HPGUoibQrJT9jCxxbDP0kq8ZFlJDRO5N%7E4ZHbn3eLojLt4tu3f58-xzEVJlUdC8dCJATns0IG3sLi6JyAa4tnRIiR3UJ8sDKSQ1ZW%7E44kJM6aGcf%7EsYYneTJY5PXzVHAt27jlcMEEB0ZkA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 41ec70ff90f8512ec0339dcf6dad5238 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Constantine Rafinesque to Charles Wilkins Short, 21 December 1819 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Short, Charles Wilkins (1793-1863) Papers, 1802-1869, Filson Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1819-12-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Relation A related resource bmf0056 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. A S559/85 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rafinesque, Constantine Subject The topic of the resource Ohio River Valley--Description and travel--19th century Botany--North America Description An account of the resource Letter from Constantine Rafinesque to Charles Wilkins Short in which he discusses plant naming and advises Short to keep a journal to track vegetation. botany Letters Ohio River Valley plants science vegetation https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/8d7e956935195a025acfacd6223bb482.jpg?Expires=1777507200&Signature=noL6zFKL8bBxA0VI2-MYu-sg1dOT3aUkasnynlmHdl%7EVUxlbrZ3-CI5akpKSIEx6rT9lfzRU3Y6QATSFO7hBkSmZIQfA22zcsMSTKa4iVjPoRuIkF3nWatWr2Axp2rKmuJMRMKnsDuG%7EdPx-qQ2isV0XjpL8LLQxiFVz56uxZl5S7SzDJKIonzSibhqkwdhCd4yZmRxHomI1ZaK0GOU0rMIpVVRxb1h9a6EMqMvs7z5o4H81QHbqo1rgcjAi92MxzKXUonKoZldYhWrnyMY71oC6VbJKzBzCZ%7EWij0ocVBsska-k70fFrctZSueOsBaeNpbBW6y3Ki%7E2KsrEjYDluA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0f1e78ec57410e41ca350983c10401b2 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document SKETCH OF A JOURNEY THROUGH THE WESTERN STATES OF NORTH AMERICA FROM NEW ORLEANS, BY THE MISSISSIPPI, OHIIO, CITY OF CINCINNATI AND FALLS OF NIAGARA, TO NEW YORK, IN 1827 BY W. BULLOCK, F.L.S., &c. &c. WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW AND FLOURISHING CITY OF CINCINNATI, BY MESSRS. B. DRAKE AND E. D. MASFIELD. AND A SELECTION FROM VARIOUS AUTHORS, ON THE PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF THE SETTLERS, IN THE FERTILE AND POPULOUS STATE OF OHIO, CONTAINING INFORMATION USEFUL TO PERSNS DESIROUS OF SETTLING IN AMERICA. Where grand Ohio rolls his silver floods, Through verdant fields, and darkly waving woods, Beholding oft, in flowery verdure drest, The green isle swelling from his placid breast; Here where so late, the Indian's lone canoe, Swift o'er the wave, in fearless triumph flew, Behold the stately steam-borne vessel glide, With eagel swiftness, o'er the yielding tide, Ande where so late, its shelter, rude and low, The wigwam rear'd, beneath the forest bough. Lo! cities spring before the wondering eyes, And domes of grandeur swell into the skies. LONDON: JOHN MILLER, 40, PALL MALL. 1827 PREFACE It will be perceived that the account of Cincinnati, con- tained in this work, is written by Messrs. Drake and Mansfield, in 1827, and that they have used much of the information before published by Dr. Drake, in 1815, and whose anticipations in favour of the place were fully realized in the interim. The work is so accredited, as exhibiting the actual state of the place of which it treats, that the author of the present volume has purposely inserted it, instead of relying on his own observations merely, and which might be supposed to be influenced by the favourable impression that the place made upon him. Convinced of the accuracy of the account by Messrs. Drake and Mansfield, he lays it before the public, as likewise his purposed intention of forming a rural town in its immediate vicinity, with full confidence, that those persons who may choose to seek a cheap, agreeable, and healthful retreat in that part of the world, will not be dissapointed. The generalized plan of the United States of America, represents the relative situations of Cincinnati and Hygeia, and it will be found, on inspection, that they are placed in the very heart of the country, and possessing much greater advantages towards increasing prosperity, than is to be found in any other part of the country. NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC The Author was so pleased with the country in the neighborhood of Cincinnati, and convinced of its eligibility, in every respect, for the residence of persons of limited property, that he purchased an extensive estate with a handsome house there, within a mile of the city, to which he is about to retire with his family. The spot is so beautiful and salubrious, and affords such facilities for the erection of pleasurable dwellings, with gardens to them, that, on his arrival in England, with a survey of the estate, he engaged Mr. John B. Papworth, the architect, to lay out the most beautiful part of it as a town of retirement, to be called Hygeia, as shown in the plan exhibited in the front of this volume. This will enable persons desirous of establishing themselves in this abundant and delightful country, to do so at a very moderate expense. Mr. Bullock returns to this estate immediately, and application may be made to Mr. Papworth, 10, Caroline Streer, Bedford Square, where the plan and model of the spot may be seen. JOURNEY FROM NEW ORLEANS TO NEW YORK, BY THE MISSISSIPPI, OHIO, FALLS OF NIAGARA, &c. On my return from Mexico to England, in the spring of the present year, I was induced, by the representation of an American friend, to pass through the United States, by way of New Orleans, up the Mississippi and Ohio, by lake Erie, the falls of Niagara, the Erie canal, and Hudson river, to New York, as by this route the tedious sea voyage would be much shortened, with the advantage of affording me the view of a large and interesting portion of North America, without losing time, or adding much to the expense; nearly the whole journey being now performed by commodious steam and towboats on the rivers, lakes, and canals in the interior of the states. We sailed from Vera Cruz on the 20th of March, in the small American schooner General Warren; our little cabin contained a motley groupe of eighteen persons, natives of France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and North America—myself and wife being the oly natives of England. The morning after we sailed, we had the misfortune to find that one of our party, a Spanish merchant, who came on board unwell, had brought among us that terrible malady, the black vomitta, so fatal to strangers in this part of the world. We were without medical assistance, and the sufferings of the unfortunate man were dreadful; to add to our distress, the weather, which was unfavourable on our first sailing, had settled into one of those gales so well known in the Gulf of Mexico by the name of Northers, so that we were compelled to confine ourselves to the cabin with the invalid. On the sixth day from our leaving land he expired, and was committed to the deep. On the following morning we made land, and in the evening entered one of the mouths of the Mississippi, about vi JOURNEY FROM 100 miles below New Orleans. The wind being adverse, we cast anchor on those muddy banks covered with reeds, which here commence the great swamp, or wilderness, that composes this part of the United States, and which, though extremely fertile, and under a fine climate, is a most dangerous district for the residence of strangers, at the close of the summer, and during the autumn, the miasma, or insalubrity of the air at those periods, generating a disease, similar to that so pre- valent, and so fatal at Vera Cruz. The next morning a fine steam tow-boat of 300 tons, that we had passed the evening before, outside the bar, whilst taking out the cargo of a stranded vessel, came up, and took us, and another schooner in tow, and proceeded up the river against wind and current to New Orleans, where we arrived the following morning. The woody flats that confined, or rather marked, the river on both sides, as far as the eye could trace, were overgrown with reeds, and other aquatic plants, which appeared springing up amidst millions of whole trees, with their roots and branches, which had been brought down with the floods, from the sides of the rivers of the interior, 1000 miles above, and deposited here, on the shallow mud-banks. In some instances young trees were springing from these old trunks, and thus, with the alluvial deposit surrounding them, were increasing the territory of the United States in the Gulf of Mexico. As we advanced farther up the river, we observed places where some of the choicest of these dead trees had been pulled on shore and negroes were employed in splitting them for firewood, or sawing them into boards. The recollection of the sufferings of the poor in many parts of Europe, from the want of fuel, cannot but excite regret, at the sight of such abundance of timber, wasting here in decay. For many miles the ground does not admit of cultivation or settlement, but, travelling onward, about noon we observed trees which began to increase in size, and to assume the appearance of low woods, which, however, seemed to spring from the water ; not a spot of dry land being visible across these vast marshes, even from the lofty and ample deck of the steam-boat. About twelve leagues above the entrance from the sea, we cam in sight of Fort Jackson, now erecting on the left side of the river, on the first solid ground we had yet observed ; and on the other side Fort Philip, on which the American flag was flying. The ground from hence began to improve ; we passed several houses, and, as we came opposite the site of the battle in which NEW ORLEANS TO NEW YORK. vii the British army was defeated by General Jackson, during the late war, the banks of the river assumed the appearance of the neighbourhood of a populous city. We now passed numerous good houses, each with a large verandah and garden; and a nunnery, in which several of the ladies in their habitats were distinctly visible. A few minutes brought us in sight of the city of New Orleans, where the river was crowded with com- mercial vessels from all nations, the majority of which, how- ever were from England. We immediately landed, and found ourselves in the midst of a well built street, nearly choked up with bales of cotton. Here were handsome shops, filled with well dressed people, in the European costumes, the ladies in the fashipns of London and Paris. The English Language being generally spoken, produced that unexpected delight, which could only be felt by Britons, who, like ourselves, had been long absent from our native land, and residents of such a country as Mexico. We has an introduction to a respectable boarding-house, kept by an English lady, whose politeness and attention shortly made us feel ourselves at home. We re- mained a week in this commercial city, and saw whatever was deemed worth seeing ; but, as the city has been so well de- scribed by the Rev. Timothy Flint, in his "Recollections of the Last Ten Years spent in the Valley of the Mississippi,' lately published, I shall gratify the English reader by giving that gentleman's account in his own words. "One hundred miles from the mout of the Mississippi, and something more than a thousand from the mouth of the Ohio, just below a sharp point of the river, is situated on its east bank, the city of New Orleans, the great commercial capital of the Mississippi valley. The position for a com- mercial city is unrivalled, I believe, by any one in the world. At a proper distance from the Gulf of Mexico–on the banks of a stream which may be said almost to water a world–but a little distance from Lake Ponchartrain, and connected with it by a navigable canal–the immense alluvion contiguous to it–penetrated in all directions either by bayous formed by nature, or canals which cost little more trouble in the making than ditches–steam-boats visiting it from fifty different shores–possessing the immediate agriculture of its own state, the richest in America, and as rich as any in the world, with continually increasing agriculture of the upper country, its position far surpasses that of New York itself. viii JOURNEY FROM It has one dreary drawback–the insalubrity of its situation. Could the immense swamps between it and the bluffs be drained, and the improvements commenced in the city be completed; in short, could its atmospher ever become a dry one, it would soon leave the greatest cities of the Union behind. Great efforts are making towards this result. Unhappily, when the dog star rises upon its sky, the yellow fever is but too sure to come in its train. Notwithstanding the annual, or at least the biennial visits of this pestilence ; although its besom sweeps off multitudes of unacclimated poor, and com- pels the rich to fly ; notwithstanding the terror, that is every where associated with the name of the city, after the ab- sence of a season, I discover an obvious change. New build- ings have sprung up, and new improvements are going on. Its regular winter population, between forty and fifty thousand inhabitants, is five times the amount which it had when it came under the American government. The ex- ternal form of the city on the river side is graduated in some measure to the curve of the river. The street that passes along the leveé, and conforms to the course of the river, is called Leveé-street, and is the one in which the greatest and most active business of the city is transacted. The upper part of the city is principally built and inhabited by Ameri- cans, and is called the 'Fauxbourg St. Mary.' The greater number of the houses in this fauxbourg are of brick, and built in the American style. In this quarter are the Pres- byterian church and the new theatre. The ancient part of the city, as you pass down Leveé-street towards the Cathe- dral, has in one of the clear, bright January mornings, that are so common at that season, an imposing and brilliant aspect. There is something fantastic and unique in the ap- pearance, I am told, far more resembling European cities, than any other in the United States. The houses are stuc- coed externally, and this stucco is white or yellow, and strikes the eye more pleasantly than the dull and sombre red of brick. There can be no question, but the American mode of building is at once more commodius, and more solid and durable, than the French and Spanish ; but I think the latter have the preference in the general effect upon the eye. Young as the city is, the effect of this humid climate, ope- rating upon the mouldering materials, of which the buildings NEW ORLEANS TO NEW YORK. ix are composed, has already given it the aspect of age, and to the eye, it would seem the most ancient city in the United States. The streets are broad, and the plan of the city is perfectly rectangular and uniform. There are in the limits of the city three malls, or parade grounds, of no great extent, and not yet sufficiently shaded, though young trees are growing in them. They serve as parade grounds, and in the winter have a beautiful carpet of clover, of a most brilliant green. Royal and Charter streets are the most fashionable and splendid in the city. The parade ground, near the basin, which is a harbour, dug out to receive the lake vessels, is the most beautiful of the parades." "In respect to the manners of the people, those of the French citizens partake of their general national character. They have here their characteristic politeness and urbanity ; and it may be remarked, that ladies of the highest standing will show courtesies that would not comport with the ideas of dignity entertained by the ladies at the North. In their convivial meetings there is apparently a great deal of cheerful familiarity, tempered, however, with the most scrupulous ob- servances, and the most punctilious decorum. They are the same gay, dancing, spectacle-loving race, that they are every where else. It is well known that the Catholic religion does not forbid amusements on the Sabbath. They fortify them- selves in defending the custom of going to balls and the theatre on the Sabbath, by arguing that religion ought to inspire cheefulness, and that cheerfulness is associated with religion." "The Americans come hither from all the states. Their object is to accumulate wealth, and spend it somewhere else. But death–which they are very little disposed to take into the account–often brings them up before their scheme is accomplished. They have, as might be expected of an as- semblage from different regions, mutual jealousies, and mutual dispositions to figure in each other's eyes ; of course the New Orleans people are gay, gaudy in their dress, houses, furniture, and equipage, and rather fine than in the best taste. There are some fifty steam-boats lying in the harbour. A clergyman from the North made with me the best enu- meration that we could, and we calculated that there were a 5 x JOURNEY FROM from twelve to fifteen hundred flat boats lying along the river. They would average from forty to sixty tons burden. The number of vessels in the harbour from autumn to spring is very great. More cotton is shipped from this port than from any other in America, or perhaps the world. I could never have formed a conception of the amount in any other way, than by seeing the immense piles of it that fill the streets, as the crop is coming in. It is well known that the amount of sugar raised and shipped here is great, and in- creasing. The produce from the upper country has no limits to the extent of which it is capable ; and the commerce of this important city goes on steadily increasing. This city exhibits the greatest variety of costume, and foreigners ; French, Spanish, Portugese, Irish in shoals ; in short, samples of the common people of all the European nations, Creoles, all the intermixtures of Negro and Indian blood, the moody and ruminating Indians, the inhabitants of the Spanish provinces, and a goodly woof to this warp, of boatment, 'half horse and half alligator ;' and more languages are spoken here than in any other town in America. There is a sample, in short, of every thing. In March the town is most filled ; the market shows to the greatest advantage ; the citizens boast of it, and are impressed with the opinion that it far surpasses any other. In effect this is the point of union between the North and the South. The productions of all climes find their way hither, and for fruits and vegetables, it appears to me to be unrivalled. In a pleasant March fore- noon, you see, perhaps, half the city here. The crowd covers half a mile in extent. The negroes, mulattoes, French, Spa- nish, Germans, are all crying their several articles in their several tongues. They have a wonderful faculty of twanging the sound through their noses, as shrill as the notes of a trumpet. In the midst of the Babel trumpeting, 'un pica- lion, un picalion,' is the most distinguishable tune." "The communications from this city with the interior, are easy, pleasant, and rapid, by the steam-boats. More than a hundred are now on these waters. Some of them, for size, accomodation, and splendour, exceed any that I have seen on the Atlantic waters. The Washington, Feliciana, Pro- vidence, Natchez, and various others, are beautiful and com- modious boats. The fare is sumptuous, and passages are comparatively cheap. I have also uniformly found the pas- NEW ORLEANS TO NEW YORK xi sengers obliging and friendly. Manners are not so distant or stately as at the North ; and it is much easier to become ac- quainted with your fellow passengers. A trip up the Missis- sippi at the proper season of the year is delightful." The vicinity of New Orleans is not interesting, and the roads and drives but few, owing to the swamp in which it is placed. We went in a carriage to lake Ponchartrain, about three miles distant, where we procured a few interesting fresh-water shells ; but, in general, the subjects of natural history, which I had lately seen, had not much novelty to recommend them. I must not omit stating, that, in one of my rambles, in a small street, near the steam-boat landing, I saw on a sign, in large letters, "Big Bone Museum." This excited my curiosity, and I expected to see mammoth-bones, as the banks, past which the water of this river rolls, had produced a great number of those surprising remains. I therefore entered, and was indeed astonished at the sight, not of the remains of a mammoth, but what are believed to be those of a stupendous crocodile, and which, indeed, are likely to prove so, intimating the former existence of a lizard, at least 150 feet long ; for I measured the right side of the under jaw, which I found to be 21 feet along the curve, and 4 feet 6 inches wide ; the others con- sisted of numerous vertebrae, ribs, femoral bones, and toes, all corresponding in size to the jaw ; there were also some teeth, these, however, were not of proportionate magnitude ; but the person who found them (W. S. Schofield), assured me that he had also discovered another tooth, similar to the rest, but con- siderably larger, which had been clandestinely taken from his exhibition-room. These remains were discovered, a short time since, in the swamp near Fort Philip, and the other parts of the mighty skeleton, are, it is said, in the same part of the swamp. On my hinting the probability that these bones might have belonged to a species of whale, Mr. S. gave me such reasons, on the authority of an intelligent zoologist, and comparative anatomist, who was preparing to give the world a description of them, as convinced me, that my conjecture was without foundation. I offered a considerable sum for these immense remains, but the proprietor refused to part with them, assuring me that it was his intention to procure the remainder of them, and then take them to Europe. On the 3rd of April we left New Orleans, in the beautiful xii JOURNEY FROM steam-boat George Washington, of 375 tons, built at Cin- cinnati, and certainly the finest fresh-water vessel I had seen. River boats, like these, possess the advantage of not having to contend with the ocean storms, as ours have, and are therefore built in a different manner, having three decks or stories above water. The accomodations are much larger, and farther re- moved from the noise, heat, and motion of the machinery ; wood being the only fuel made use of, they are consequently not incommoded by the effects of the dense smoke, so annoying in some of our steam vessels. The accomodations are ex- cellent, and the cabins furnished in the most superb manner. None of the sleeping rooms have more than two beds. The principal are on the upper story, and a gallery and verandah ex- tends entirely round the vessel, affording ample space for exercise, sheltered from sun and rain, and commanding, from its height, a fine view of the surrounding scenery, without being incommoded by the noise of the crew passing overhead. The meals furnished in these vessels are excellent, and served in a superior style. The ladies have a separate cabin, with female attendants, and laundresses ; there are, also, a circulating library, a smoking and drinking room for the gentlemen, with numerous offices for servants, &c. &c. They generally stop twice a day to take in wood for the engine, when fresh milk and other necessities are procured, and the passengers may land for a short time. The voyage before the introduction of steam, was attended with much risk and labour, and occupied ninety days, from New Orleans to Cincinnati, for small vessels ; the same voyage (1600 miles) is now performed, with the greatest ease and safety, in eleven or twelve days, against the stream, and the descent between the above places is done in seven days ; each vessel taking several hundred passengers, besides her cargo of merchandise. The rate of travelling is extremely moderate in proportion to the advantages of the accomodation. We paid about 8l. each from New Orleans to Louisville (1500 miles), which includes every expense of living, servants, &c. In ascending this magnificent river, the Mississippi, of which the Ohio may be considered a continuation, is navigable for the largest vessels, at high water, from the Gulf of Mexico to Pittsburgh (2212 miles). The traveller is now enabled, without the least danger or fatigue, to traverse the otherwise almost impass- able and trackless wilderness, and wilds, that bound the western states of America, and this, without leaving his com- NEW ORLEANS TO NEW YORK. xiii fortable apartment, from the windows of which he can enjoy the constantly varying scenery, so new to European tra- vellers. On leaving New Orleans, in ascending the river, thte country, still the same continuous flat, is enriched and en- livened by a succession of pretty houses and plantations, with each a small negro town near them, as well as the sugar- houses, gardens, and summer-houses, which give the idea of wealth and industry. For sixty miles the banks present the appearance of one continued village, skirted with plantations of cotton, sugar-cane, and rice, for about two miles from the river, bounded in the rear, by the uncultivated swamps and woods. The boat proceeds continually near the shore on one side or the other, and attracts the inhabitants to the front of their neat houses, placed amidst orange groves, and shaded with vines and beautiful evergreens. I was surprised to see the swarms of children of all colours that issued from these abodes. In infancy, the progeny of the slave, and that of his master, seem to know no distinction ; they mix in their sports, and ap- pear as fond of each other, as the brothers and sisters of one family ; but in activity, life, joy, and animal spirits, the little negro, unconscious of his future situation, seems to me to enjoy more pleasure in this period of his existence, than his pale com- panions. The sultry climate of Louisiana, perhaps, is more congenial to the African constitution, than to that of the European. The next morning we arrived at Baton Rouge, 127 miles on our journey ; a pretty little town, on the east side, and the first rising ground we had seen, being delightfully situated on a gradual acclivity, from which, is a fine view of the surrounding flats. The fine barracks close to it, contain a few companies of troops. We here stopped to take in some ladies, who continued with us to the end of the voyage. To this place the leveé, or artificial banks, are continued on both sides of the river from New Orleans, without which the land would be continually overflowed. From this to Natches (232 miles), the country is not interesting, consisting principally of dense forest and wilderness, impenetrable to the eye, diversified, however, by the various water fowl which the passing vessels disturb, in their otherwise solitary haunts, and by the number of black and gray squirrels leaping from branch to branch in the trees. The great blue kingfisher, which is common here, is so tame, as scarcely to move, as the boat passes, xiv JOURNEY FROM and we frequently saw, and passed close to large alligators, wich generally appeared to be asleep, stretched on the half- floating logs. Several were fired at together, must have been each upwards of twelve feet long. Natches is a pleasantly situated town, on rather a steep hill, about half a mile from the landing place, where are many stores and public houses. The boat remained here an hours, and we ascended to the upper town, a considerable place, with a town-house, and several good streets and well- furnished shops, in which we purchases some books. This place exports much cotton, and the planters are said to be rich. It commands a fine prospect over the river and sur- rounding country. It has been tried as a summer residence by come of the inhabitants of New Orleans, but the scourges of this part of America (fever and ague) extend their revages for more than 1000 miles higher up. A partial elevation of ground, in an unhealthy district, has been proved to be more pernicious, than even the level itself. From hence, to the junction of the Ohio, there is little to interest the stranger, ex- cepting the diversity of wood and water. The ground rised in some places, though with little variety, till you pass the junction of the Ohio, 1253 miles for the sea. shortly after entering the Ohio, the country begins to improve ; you perceive the ground beginning to rise in the distance, and the bank occasionally to rear into small hills, which show their strata of stone, and rise into bluffs, projecting into the bends of the river, shutting it in, so as to produce the effect of sailing on a suc- cession of the finest lakes, throughmagnificent woods, which momentarily changed their form, from the rapid motion of our boats. It was now full moon, and these scenes viewed during the clear noghts, were indescribably beautiful. The tenth day brought us to the flourishing commercial town of Louis- ville, in Kentucky, 1542 miles from the sea, consideres as second only to Cincinnati, in the western states. It is situated in the commencement of the health district, but was lately visited. The streets are spacious and regular, the houses mostly of brick, and the shops and stores large, and well filled with merchandise. The falls of the Ohio, which are at this place, excepting at high water, prevent large vessels from pass- ing up ; we therefore left the Washington, and embarked in a smaller vessel, above the falls. On our road up from Shipping- NEW ORLEANS TO NEW YORK. XV port, at the foot of the falls, we had an opportunity of examining the fine canal and locks, now constructing at great expense, to enable vessels of all dimensions to navigate the river at all seasons. It is a great work, and calculated to be of consider- able advantage to this country. We took a hackney coach, of which there were several in the streets, and proceeded to view the town, which is much more extensive than it appears. We visited the museum, an appendage to almost every Ame- rican town. among the fossil remains, therein, I observed the perfect skull and horns of a species of eik, which was new to me. The firing of the bost's gun, the constant singal for passengers to come on board, obliged us to shorten our survey, and in a few minuted we were again proceedings up the Ohio in a steam-boats, with most of our late companions, and many additional passengers. I must here observe, that the society in the steam-boats is generally very pleasant, consisting of well informed, intelligent people, attentive and obliging to strangers, readily pointing out to their notice every thing worthy of ob- servation, or that can contribute to raise their opinion of the country and its constitution, of which they are, with good reason, proud. They universally complain of the injustice done them by English writers, who they say, seem to have come among them only to misrepresent what little they have seen of the country, and that, perhaps, like myself, from the deck of a stean-boat. On leaving Louisville, the magnificence of the American rivers and scenery seemed to commence. In no part of the world, that I have seen, are these surpasses in grandeur, or variety, every mile affording a perpetual change. The trees attain here an altitude, and size, unknown in Europe, and their diversity of form and colour, formed a contrast with the monotonous green of the wilderness below. Among the snow- like blossom of the dog-wood, and bright scarlet of the red- bud, which were conspicuous in the woods that now covered the sloping banks of the river, the openings between, at in- tervals, exhibited rich pasture lands with comfortable farm- houses, surrounded with gardens, orchards, and vineyards, and convinced the traveller, that he had left the regious of swamps and marshes, fevers and agues, and arrived at those of hill and dale, pasturage and health. We now saw greater numbers of land and water fowl. The beautiful little summer duck was plentiful--we shot several; andthe black vulture was occasionally seen. In our passage up the river we had xvi JOURNEY FROM not unfrequently seen alligators, but now they entirely dis- appeared. We now found the cottages comfortably furnished, and surrounded by small gardens ; the inhabitants possess numerous hogs and cattle. We passed serveral respectable dwellings, with luxuriant orchards and vineyards, that an- nounced our approach to a more cultivated and richer popula- tion than we had before seen. When within a mile of Cincinnati; the elegant house and extensive estate, called Elmwood, the residence of Thomas D. Carneal, Esq. was pointed out to me, by a gentleman of the country, as one of the finest residences in that part of America. Passing the powder-works, and the bridge over the Deer creek, a few minuted brought us opposite the city, where we saw the glass-houses, paper-mills, foundries, and other demon- strations of a flourishing, and rising commercial and manufac- turing city. It was Easter Sunday, and the landing was crowded with respectable, well-dressed people. We had only a minute to view the front of this part of the city, with the steam- boat landing, and the villages of Newport and Cavington on the opposite side, befor we were landed, and introduced to Col. Mack, proprietor of the principal hotel ; an establishment of order, regularity, and comfort, that would do credit to any city of Europe. The number and respectability of its guests, proved at once, the estimation in which it was held in the country. The dinner-bell summoned us at two o'clock, and we found an assemblage of about seventy ladies and gentle- men ; the former at the head of the table, with Mrs. Mack, while the colonel was on his feet, attending to the wants of his guests, and seeing that the waiters were attending to their duty. The dinner was such, that an epicure, from whatever part of the world he might have arrived, would have had little cause to complain, as in no part of my travels have I seen a table spread with more profusion, or better served ; the only occasion of complaint with an Englishman would arise from the wnat of warm plates, and a little more time to have enjoyed the repast, twenty minutes only being allowed by the industrious habits of this part of America, for their principal meal. Little wine is used at the dinner- table ; the guests, being principally merchants, who prefer this mode of living, to housekeeping, return immediately to their stores, or counting-houses, with a better relish for business than is usually found after the enjoyment of the bottle. I should have stated, that, befor dinner, we underweent the un- NEW ORLEANS TO NEW YORK. xvii deviating ceremony of introduction to the principal guests, who were assembled in the drawing-room. In no part of the old Continent that I have visited, are strangers treated with more attention, politeness, and respect, than in Cincinnati ; and where, indeed, can an Englishman forget that he is not at home, except in the United States? In most other regions, he must forego many early habits, prejudices, and propen- sities, and accommodate himself to others, perhaps, diame- trically opposite ; he must disguise or conceal his religious or political opinions ; must forget his native language, and acquire fluency in another, before he can make even his wants known, or his wishes understood ; but here the same language and fashion, as in his own, prevail in every state ; indeed it is necessary for him to declare himself a foreigner, to be known as such ; and I have always found this declaration a passport to increased attention and kindness, for every man in this land of freedom enjoys his opinions unmolested. Not having the slightest intention of stopping at any town on my way to New York, I was without any introductions ; but this de- ficiency, by no means prevented my receiving the usual benefit of the hospitality of the inhabitants, which was such, as to in- duce us, at first, to remain a few days, and ultimately, pro- bably, to end our lives with them. My first ramble on the morning after my arrival was to the market, at an early hour, where a novel and interesting sight presented itself. Several hundred waggons, tilted with white canvass, and each drawn by three or four horses, with a pole, in a similar manner to our coaches, were backed against the pavement, or footway, of the market-place, the tailboard, or flap of the waggon, turned down, so as to form a kind of counter, and convert the body of the carringe into a portable shop, in which were seated the owners, amidst the displayed produce of their farms ; the whole having something of the appearance of an extensive encampment, arranged in perfect order. It was the first time I had seen an American market, and if I was surprised at the arrangement, I was much more so, at the prices of the articles, as well as at their superior quality. For a hind quarter of mutton, thirteen-pence was demanded ; a turkey, that would have borne a comparison with the best Christmas bird from Norfolk, the same price ; fowls, three-pence to four-pence each ; a fine roasting pig, ready for the spit, one shilling and three-pence ; beef, three- halfpence per pound ; pork, one penny per pound ; butter, NEW ORLEANS TO NEW YORK. xix advantages of its local situation, and the introduction of steam power. To these may be added, its extremely healthy site, and salubrity of climate (not an instance of fever, or ague, being there known) ; the richness of its soil, the overflowing plenty, and unparalleled cheapness of the necessaries, as well as the luxuries of life ; the industry, the kindness and urbanity of its inhabitants to strangers ; the benefits derived from its public institutions, and the excellent society it affords, from the liberty and freedom of opinion being enjoyed under its mild govern- ment ; from the empolyment given to industry and labour ; and from the interest derived from capital, which is here in- creased to treble what it is in Europe, whilst the expense of living is not one-third of what it is there, and taxes are scarcely felt. All these advantages considered, I know of no place that bears comparison with Cincinnati. Impressed by so many in- viting circumstances, all conspiring to the favourite object of my pursuit, I determined to collect my family together, and make this rising city my permanent abode. A few days afterwards we were invited to spend a day at Elmwood, the house of Thomas D. Carneal, Esq., a member of the Kentucky legislature, whose residence I mentioned, on our arrival at Cincinati. The estate, or farm, as it is here called, consists of about 1000 acres, part of which is as fine arable land as ever was ploughed, and part rich pasture land. It commences nearly opposite the town, on the Kentucky side, stretches about two miles and a half along the banks of the Ohio, and is about eight miles in cir- cumference. It is scarcely possible to find a more beacutiful, fertile, or healthy spot. A ride round its boundaries, em- braces every variety of landscape. Its general feature is level, gently rising from the river into undulatory hill and valley, resembling the finest part of the county of Devon, excepting, that the portion farthest from the river is clothed with woods, to which, from the size of the trees, their beauty, and variety, nothing in Europe can compare. The prospect from the hill and house, over this part ofthe valley of Ohio, the noble reiver winding through it, enlivened by the passing steam-boats, with colours waving, and signal guns echoing from the sur- rounding hills ; its floating arks, laden with stores for the settlers on the shores, besides the sailing and fishing boats ; on one side of the river, the beautiful rising city, with domes, pinnacles, public buildings and manufactories, and on the other bank, the villages of Newport and Cavington ; together form XX JOURNAL FROM such a view, as would require a much able pen than mine to do justice to. Mr. Carneal, who is a considerable landholder, selected this desirable spot for his abode, and, at considerable expense, about six years since, erected the elegant mansionhe now re- sides in. It is considered the completest residence in the country, and built of stone and brick, after his own designs, with three handsome fronts. The lofty apartments, which it contains, in point of beauty of convenience, are surpassed by few, even in the Atlantic cities, as no expense was spared for its completion. It is surrounded by every requisite for a gentleman's country-house, domestics' houses, barns, stables, coach-house, ice-house, dairy, &c. &c. I have not, since I left England, seen a house so completely furnished with all the elegancies and refinements of society, nor a more hospitable and abundant board, which is wholly supplied from his own grounds. Better beef and mutton could not be desired. Game is so plentiful, that it is easily and abundantly procured within half a mile of the house. Fish of the finest kinds, in great variety, are taken in the Ohio, within a still shorter distance, and kept alive in pens on the banks, and a well-stored kitchen-garden, orchard, and vineyard, of twenty-five acres, planted with all the best ve- getables, and fruit of the United States, contribute to the general stock ; in short, every necessary and luxury of life, excepting tea and coffee, is produced on the estate. The house is situated on a gentle acclivity, about 150 yards from the river, with beautiful pleasure grounds in front, laid out with taste, and decorated with varieties of magnificent plants, and flowers, to which we are yet strangers ; it commands a full view of the river, and all that passes on it. A more desirable spot for a family residence, perhaps, is scarcely to be found. The great variety of beautiful birds that are found here, much enliven the scene. The first night I passed in this elegant retreat, the mocking-bird, with its lucid, ever-varying notes, continuing until dawn, kept me awake for some time with its melody ; and in the morning, ere sunrise, the red- bird, or Virginian nightingale, was chanting his morning hymn, close to my bed-room window. It continued so long, that I suspected, what proved to be the case, its nest and young were concealed in the honeysuckle on which he was singing. Another variety of honeysuckle in front of the house, within ten feet of the door, was the constant resort of the ruby- NEW ORLEANS TO NEW YORK. xxi throated humming birds, one of the smallest of that diminutive family, whose various evolutions, performed with the quick- ness of light, the eye finds it difficult to follow. The beautiful blue jay is so common, as to be troublesome. The orange and black oriole, that makes the remarkable pendant nest, is here by no means scarce ; its note is charming. Several varieties of woodpecker are seen close to the house, and wild ducks were hourly of the horse-pond, whilst the farm-yard abounds with wild pigeon, as tame as our domestic ones ; and the quail, nearly as large as our partridge, swarmed in the gardens, orchards, and pleasure grounds. The children of the family had their pet tame deer ; and a pair of the gigantic eik, or wappetti (nearly the size of horses), ranged through the mea- dows, and returned to the house, at milking-hours, with the cows. A few weeks before, Mr. Carneal had parted with a pair of American buffaloes, or Bonassus, which he had kept for some time, for the purpose of improving his breed of draft cattle. Shortly after my return from Elmwood, I was informed that Mr. Carneal was on the point of changing his residence, and that the whole would be sold. I could not resist the temptation of knowing the price, and, after a few days consideration, I became the purchaser. I now went to reside as a visitor with Mr. C., and remained a fortnight in examining the property, and every day became more satisfied with my acquisition. I found on it, every re- quisite for building; the finest timber, abundance of stone and lime, with gravel, sand, clay, &c. It appeared to me, that a finer site for building a small town of retirement, in the vicinity of a populous mannfacturing city, could scarcely exist. I made a little model of the land, and determined to have it laid out to the best possible advantage,with profes- sional assistance, on my arrival in England, and prepared to return home to collect my family, and those of my friends, whose limited incomes made such a removal as I contem- plated convenient, and, on June 2, took my departure in a stage, that had just commenced running on a new road to Sandusky, on Lake Erie. The distance is 200 miles ; but in consequence of the rain, which had been considerable, the road naturally bad and new, was worse than usual, and it took us four days to perform it. This was the only part of the journey through American (2400 miles) that we travelled by land. We passed, in many places, through fine cul- xxii JOURNAL FROM tivated lands, with neat little towns and villages ; but the greater part lay throught a new country of dense forest, where the axe had scarcely cleared a sufficient passage for the coach. At one place, where we were to spend the night, the establishment was only three weeks old ; in that time, the family, who had come some distance, had erected three log-houses, and placed their furniture and effects therein ; yet, our entertainment was by no means bad. The poor hostess, who never had so muh company under her roof, did all in her power to make us comfortable ; and our party, which consisted of eight persons, three of whom were ladies, were in perfect good humour, notwithstanding their new situation. When we arrived at the latter end of our journey, we saw some fine lands destitute of woods, but inter- spersed with small clumps, resembling those in some of the parks of our nobility ; they were the reserved possessions of the Indians, when they sold the adjoining country to the commis- sioners of the United States. We wished to have entered some of their houses, which were well built, with sash win- dows and shingle roofs, but were told, that in general they avoided receiving the visits of white strangers. Many of them were wealthy, as appeared from their fine cultivated fields, and large herds of cattle and horses. Near one village, we met a young Indian driving a handsome waggon, drawn by four re- markably fine oxen, which would have done credit to any En- glish gentleman ; the youth was well dressed, and passed our carriage with a look that sufficiently marked his consequence. In the course of the day we saw near the road several wild turkeys, whose splendid plumage, glittering in the sun, far excelled in appearance those of the domestic ones. We also conversed with several Indians, some of whom were on horseback, armed with rifles ; they were civil, and seemed pleased at the notice we took of them. A squaw, with her son behind her, accompained us some miles. Her dress was a loose blue cloth coat, with scarlet pantaloons, black beaver hat and feathers, and her face was painted bright red. We arrived at Sandusky in the evening, and found a steam-boat just starting for Buffalo ; but being told another would arrive, during the night, we preferred waiting for it, and were disappointed, as it passed by, without entering the harbour ; and as no other was expected for some days, we took our passage on the fol- lowing evening, in a sailing schooner, which brought us in three days to Buffalo, a distance we should have performed in Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sketch of a journey through the western states of North America, 1827 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library Collection, Filson Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Relation A related resource bbf0088 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB 917.7 B938s 1827 Subject The topic of the resource Ohio River Valley--Description and travel--19th century Cincinnati (Ohio)--Description and travel--19th century Ohio River Valley--Description and travel--19th century Mississippi River Valley--Description and travel--19th century United States--Description and travel--19th century Description An account of the resource Sketch of a journey through the western states of North America: from New Orleans, by the Mississippi, Ohio, city of Cincinnati and falls of Niagara, to New York, in 1827. Contains a description of the new and flourishing city of Cincinnati, by Messrs. B. Drake and E.D. Mansfield, and a selection from various authors, on the present condition and future prospects of the settlers, in the fertile and populous state of Ohio, containing information useful to persons desirous of settling in America. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bullock, William Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Flint, Timothy Drake, Benjamin Mansfield, Edward Deering Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1820s Cincinnati New Orleans New York pamphlets travelogue