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                  <text>This collection consists of documents and photographs related to Jewish experiences in the Holocaust and World War II, Jewish American efforts to support refugees, and historical memory of the Holocaust in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. This digitization project is in partnership with the Louisville Ballet's &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.louisvilleballet.org/a-time-remembered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;A Time Remembered&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/em&gt;performance, which marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
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              <text>Thursday, November 30th, 1944&#13;
&#13;
Dear Mister Albert:&#13;
&#13;
Your letter of the 21st of this month caused me a very great pleasure if it would not be the subject for which I am obligated to write you. Excuse me that I answer your letter with pencil, but air mail requires very light paper and this paper absorbs the ink.&#13;
&#13;
I also received a letter yesterdat from George where he is exposing for the tenth time his sorrow in telling you the word about this poor dear Jean Paul.&#13;
&#13;
It would require pages to relate to you his history, as well as the sad months during which I followed him from one prison to the other in helping him as best I could.&#13;
&#13;
First, let me tell you that your whole family knows me. I made the acquaintance of your Aunt Clemence since her arrival from Spain, as I was living at Rue de la Victoire and as she was originally of Alsace, and that I lived formerly in Strasbourg. We have, even there, common friends of your father - Albert Klein, Jules Levy, etc., as well as your distantly related attorney, Mr. Weiler. It is for this reason that Clemence and myself see each other very often. I know also your brother, Jack (form whom I have stored many things which belong to him).&#13;
&#13;
When in 1941 Clemence decided to return to Brive, where her some George was in military training, George decided to go back to the South Zone (non-occupied France) but Jean Paul, who tried to find other ways to go further, decided to remain in Paris. As I was able to board him, he came to live with me. He lived there quietly and calmly until the day he decided to spend several days with a girl friend of his in Strasbourg, "Nado Bing", whose location was Coutras Gironde. Did he try to find his way towards Bordeaux??? Well, he returned from his trip.&#13;
&#13;
We spent Christmas together as good friends, which we were. After that, he wanted to return and spend the New Year at Courtas for another three days. Three days, four days, finally fifteen days and he did not come back!!! I was anxious, but over a man whose was neither my son, nor my nephew, nor anythign else. I could not be angry with him.&#13;
&#13;
In the meantime I has lost the address of this young lady!!! When I found it again, I quickly wrote her. She answered me by mail (which was not easy to do) that she would not tell me by letter! That very evening I travelled straight to Courtas where she explained to me that during a walk the very afternoon that Jean Paul intended to come back to Paris, he was arrested on the road and questioned - and when she came to see what was going on, she was arrested too. Direction Libourne - they were in neighboring cells until the next day when he was taken to the Fort du Ha near Bordeaux.&#13;
I went there immediately but was unable to see him as he was in solitary confinement. I returned to Paris, sick with Worry, expecially because I was quite aline to look after everything and also had to tell George the sad news!!&#13;
&#13;
In the month of March I received a letter from Jean Paul telling me that is at the prison of Cherche Mide - that he has been judged and condemned to 13 months in prison. I hastened to the Cherche Mide prison - impossible to see him!!! Waiting for his new address. But I can send him food packages at a time when there was nothing to get but fruits at 40 and 50 francs each. I succeeded in sending him underwear and clothing, etc. The poor went thru this perrible cold for three months without warm clothing.&#13;
&#13;
A new letter of Jean Paul (non-official) informed me that he was at Clairvous Central Prison Aube. I wrote to the Director who refused me the right to visit him. I received this lette ron Wednesday evening, but on Saturday morning I went to Clairvoux on the 5 o'clock train, vhaving spent the whole night in preparing food and my luggage.&#13;
&#13;
I arrived at Clairvous at 1:00 P.M., having changed trains at Bar sur Aube, and I hastened to the prison hoping to be able to return the very same day! But oh, deception! I remained standing on my feet until 5:30 in the evening in the waiting room of the prison, being unable to be received. In the meantime I made a game of scandal with the Director who was nice (chic) --- but his Assistant Director, an Alsatian, false brother of the Fifth (column), son-in-law of a baker of Mnelhouse, did not want to listen to me. At the end, thru a thousand roses, I was able to see Jean Paul at 6:30 P.S. --- judge his joy and emotion at this undue hour!!! But the half hour soon passed!&#13;
&#13;
After that, I had to go to the German military court to ask a permit to visit. I received a brutal cussing during my arrest of 4 or 5 hours for taking care of a Jew etc., but in spite of that I obtained an Ausweiss.&#13;
&#13;
I returned to Clairvous the next month - even not waiting so long. I believe - and there with the complicity of the guards, several of whom were Alsatians, and afterwards witht he others, the Chaplain, the owner of the only hotel which is there, I could do my best to make his life a bit softer. He was no longer with the common criminals but male nurse at the hospital, and expecting the job of Doctor. I saw him each month; I wrote him three or four letters each week, non-official ones, of course, because the official ones never reached him. The personnel was French (the Germans only came to Clairvous to execute or to check up or verify the weight of the food packages). Taken as a whole, everything went very well if one can say so.&#13;
&#13;
When in September there was a sabotage bombing at the Cinema Rex on the Grande Boulevard, reserved exclusively for the Germans, (which lead us to believe that they executed this act themselves) then, as a reprisal a German came to choose hostages at Clairvoux and other places. He selected from Clairvoux 20 unfortunate Jews detained there among 3000 inmates. That was the&#13;
21st of September. They were embarked at midnight. I was informed of it the 22nd from Clairvoux by phone - then I received word from Jean Paul written on the train, telling me is his departure from Clairvoux for unknown destination. A second letter direction Dranoy and a third one confirming the second, and since then no further word for the following reasons.&#13;
&#13;
Departed from Clairvoux the 21st, arrived Dranoy the 22nd, departed from Dranoy the 23rd. Since then nothing any more. I wrote everywhere, went to spend nights at the Bourget, questioned at this time guardians, gendarmes, etc. etc. who guarded the trains until their arrival in Metz. Since the liberation I have already made four demands to the organizations of official research. There is nothing left, my dear Albert, but to hope. Jean Paul was strong and of extraordinary character.&#13;
&#13;
I I will show your letter and the shole correspondence I have already shown to George during my clandestine trips to Toulouse and other places, having taken care of many other Israelite friends, too.&#13;
&#13;
So Jean Paul, well nourished during the summer, and extremely courageous, and considering his profession of doctor, has perhaps been detained in a camp somewhere. This we must hope firmly until the end of this terrible nightmare. Transmit to your brothers the hope which we conserve, and eith God's help this hope will be realised one day.&#13;
&#13;
I hoped to see you with the coming of the American troops but I see that you went to French West Africa. A letter from George informs me that his return is delayed until spring. I regret this very much.&#13;
&#13;
Nelly came to see me for a weekend and returned this week. I have to see Attorney Weiler next Sunday. I was helping, too, Jules Levy of Montagne, a friend of your father, who was held for one year, but as husband of Aryan, has not been deported. At his release he spent eight weeks in my house before returning to Cannes, and he will stay there until he is able to join his natal Strasbourg which unfortunately is liberated now. So you see, my dear, that the ties which are uniting me to you are sacred and I hope ardently that nothing can break this friendship.&#13;
&#13;
When will you be able to talk more about everything and of all, and I repeat let us hope with all our hearts for the return of Jean Paul, as nothing did assure you of the worst.&#13;
&#13;
I will inform George that I informed you of everything and that will sure relief him a little bit, as he carried his cross for such a long time.&#13;
&#13;
Affectionately, and looking forward to the pleasure of seeing you. I embrace you.&#13;
&#13;
Malou Lavaux</text>
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                <text>Mss. A L668 Folder 07 Item 01</text>
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                <text>Letter from Malou Lavaux to Albert Wolff, November 30, 1944</text>
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                <text>Letter from Malou Lavaux to Albert Wolff (1906-1989) explaining wartime struggles, family connections, and the Germans's arrest and imprisonment of Albert's brother Jean-Paul Wolff. </text>
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                <text>French identity card for 1935 and enclosed portraits of Sol Levy (1865-1944), a Jewish American who had emigrated from France. Sol Levy was born in 1865 in Alsace-Lorraine, a region that alternately fell under the control of Germany and France in the 19th century and during World Wars I and II in the 20th century. After migrating to the United States in 1882, Levy moved to Louisville and worked as a wholesale merchant, establishing the Gould-Levy Company in 1907.</text>
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1. 0 Voyage à l'étranger. - Tout Fran ais ou protégé Fran ai · allant à l' 'Lrang·er doit -;Lr port ur d' un
pa ·seport régulier qui, dans tous les cas, doit être
signé par lui , p a ge 3 , dès réception , et s ra
muni d' un vi a lor que cette for malité e t exigée.

2 ° F i xation de r ésidence à l'étranger. - Tou
le Fran ai ou protégé Français Oxés à l'étran cre r doivent
faire immatriculer dan un délai de troi moi
apr' leur ar1 ivé dan la circon cripti n c n ulair .
Cette formalité pourra .., tre effectuée par correspondance
i les int •r
'· h a bitent n d hOJ de la dlle cù ré id
le Con ul. Le coût d lad 'livranc du certilicat d immatricu lation e t d 10 francs qu a nd l' immatriculation t
requi e ans le élai de troi · mois préci té . Pa ' celui-ci,
cette taxe de 10 fr" ne
t port· e à 80 fra ne ( Di ~o ition
corn biné du d 'cret du 24 oc tobre 19 - t du d 'cr e t-lci
du 2 aoû t '1937 mod ifié par l'a rr~té int rmini t ' r iel du
. . août19 8).
L s Français et pr téc:r • F r an ' ai immatriculés b 'n é11 ient cle certaine r édu tions de droi ts perçu , n conformité du tarif de cha n lleri , notamment en ce qui
on cerne la délivrance de pa eport . de certificats de de
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légali ati.on d
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dans la disposition général XI &lt;lu tarif annexé a u d 'c1' t loi du 2 aottt 1937.

��</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="84008">
                  <text>The Holocaust and the Ohio Valley, 1920, 1933-1990s</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection consists of documents and photographs related to Jewish experiences in the Holocaust and World War II, Jewish American efforts to support refugees, and historical memory of the Holocaust in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. This digitization project is in partnership with the Louisville Ballet's &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.louisvilleballet.org/a-time-remembered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;A Time Remembered&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/em&gt;performance, which marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Holocaust-era family documents center on the Wolff, Levy, and Ackermann families who escaped to the United States from France and Austria, and ultimately settled in Louisville. Passports provide photographs of the family members and track their movements through countries. Letters document their efforts to navigate the administrative barriers to passage, and the tragic fate of relatives who were not approved to leave.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Records from the National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section document the organization's activist work in fundraising for and directly serving refugees in the city, and political organizing around national immigration policies and economic boycotts of German-made goods. The collection includes sample correspondence from national organizations and individuals who supported and were against Zionism in response to the violent antisemitism of the Holocaust. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The final items in the collection document Holocaust memorial events in the 1990s. Invitations, photographs, scripts, press releases, and articles represent the memorialization work of the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Community Federation of Louisville, &lt;span&gt;Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, and other  organizations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;br /&gt;This project was generously supported by the Jewish Heritage Fund.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://jewishheritagefund.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;img src="https://jewishheritagefund.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" alt="jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" width="306" height="58" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                  <text>The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky</text>
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              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>1920, 1933-1990s</text>
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              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                  <text>20th century</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Mss. A L668 Folder 06 Item 01</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84316">
                <text>Jacques Wolff passport, 1940</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>France</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84318">
                <text>Hérault (France). Service des Réfugies</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84319">
                <text>World War II era French passport for Jacques Wolff (1903-1977), a Jewish man. He was married to Denise Wolff (1909-2000). His uncle Sol Levy arranged for their family's immigration to Louisville, Kentucky, to escape German occupation and the Holocaust. The passport shows that in 1941, the family traveled to Spain and Portugal before taking a ship to New York City. Blank visa pages were not scanned.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1940</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>20th century</text>
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                <text>1940s</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84323">
                <text>Wolff, Jacques, 1903-1977</text>
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                <text>France</text>
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                <text>World War, 1939-1945</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84326">
                <text>Emigration and immigration</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84327">
                <text>Immigrants</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84328">
                <text>Men</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84329">
                <text>Jewish refugees</text>
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                <text>Jews</text>
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                <text>Jewish families</text>
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                <text>passport</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84333">
                <text>money order</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84334">
                <text>transportation ticket</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text</text>
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                <text>fra</text>
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                <text>Mss. A L668, Folder 6, Levy-Wolff Family Papers, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84339">
                <text>In Copyright</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84340">
                <text>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84341">
                <text>http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84342">
                <text>Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/</text>
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Holocaust-era family documents center on the Wolff, Levy, and Ackermann families who escaped to the United States from France and Austria, and ultimately settled in Louisville. Passports provide photographs of the family members and track their movements through countries. Letters document their efforts to navigate the administrative barriers to passage, and the tragic fate of relatives who were not approved to leave.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Records from the National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section document the organization's activist work in fundraising for and directly serving refugees in the city, and political organizing around national immigration policies and economic boycotts of German-made goods. The collection includes sample correspondence from national organizations and individuals who supported and were against Zionism in response to the violent antisemitism of the Holocaust. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The final items in the collection document Holocaust memorial events in the 1990s. Invitations, photographs, scripts, press releases, and articles represent the memorialization work of the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Community Federation of Louisville, &lt;span&gt;Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, and other  organizations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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                <text>Formal release of Jacques Wolff (1903-1977) from French military service during World War II. For more on Jacques service and life, see this 1965 biography: &lt;a href="https://filsonhistorical.omeka.net/items/show/7047" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://filsonhistorical.omeka.net/items/show/7047&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jacques was married to Denise Wolff (1909-2000). His uncle Sol Levy arranged for their family's immigration to Louisville, Kentucky, to escape German occupation and the Holocaust.</text>
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                <text>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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                  <text>This collection consists of documents and photographs related to Jewish experiences in the Holocaust and World War II, Jewish American efforts to support refugees, and historical memory of the Holocaust in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. This digitization project is in partnership with the Louisville Ballet's &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.louisvilleballet.org/a-time-remembered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;A Time Remembered&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/em&gt;performance, which marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Holocaust-era family documents center on the Wolff, Levy, and Ackermann families who escaped to the United States from France and Austria, and ultimately settled in Louisville. Passports provide photographs of the family members and track their movements through countries. Letters document their efforts to navigate the administrative barriers to passage, and the tragic fate of relatives who were not approved to leave.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Records from the National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section document the organization's activist work in fundraising for and directly serving refugees in the city, and political organizing around national immigration policies and economic boycotts of German-made goods. The collection includes sample correspondence from national organizations and individuals who supported and were against Zionism in response to the violent antisemitism of the Holocaust. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The final items in the collection document Holocaust memorial events in the 1990s. Invitations, photographs, scripts, press releases, and articles represent the memorialization work of the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Community Federation of Louisville, &lt;span&gt;Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, and other  organizations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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                <text>Mss. A L668 Folder 05 Item 03</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Arthur Wolff certificat de capacité, 1920</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Certification of ability to operate an automobile for Arthur Wolff (1877-1941), a Jewish Frenchman. Arthur was married to Aline Levy Wolff (d. 1941), and her brother Sol Levy arranged for their family's immigration to the United States during World War II.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>transportation license</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Mss. A L668, Folder 5, Levy-Wolff Family Papers, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84128">
                <text>In Copyright</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84129">
                <text>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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                <text>Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/</text>
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ALSACE ET LORRAI NE, B~T, ÉTAT, MIDJ,
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des réaeaux), P.-L.-M. (Réaeau Algüicn).

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Père et Mère de Famille Nombreuse
(§ II de l'Annexe Commune aux Tarifs Généraux
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Contrôle et sanction. - Le• bénéficlaire1 de la
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tite a to..i te réquisition des agents du che min de fer,
au &lt;lt!JarL, en cour• de route ou à l'arrivée.
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Lei Administrations de cbP-mins d e fer pourront, à
toute époque, exiger la p1·euve de l 'idontité du porteur.
Toute personne ayant usé de moyens frauduleu x
ou de faustes pièces pour se fair e d { livrer un8 carte
à laq nolle elle n'aurait paa d1oit, ainsi que to.1t c
persoune qui prêterait &lt;sa carte , ou qui ferait o u t enterait de taire usage d: une carte dont elle n'a pas
le droit d e 1e servir, serait poursuivie conformém ent
aux lois. En outre, cette carte serait r etirée.
Toute carte qui a cessé d 'être valalile doit être
res tituée à. la gare des résea. 111 particii,ant1 qui dessert la résidence du titulaire.

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Dél ivrance de billets. - Les AdU1inistration@ de
che wins de fer peuveut exiger, si la boune marche
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                <text>French identity card of Arthur Wolff (1877-1941), a Jewish Frenchman. Arthur was the husband of Aline Levy Wolff (d. 1941), and her brother Sol Levy arranged for their family's immigration to the United States to escape German occupation and the Holocaust.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;The collection consists of twentieth-century records of Plymouth Congregational Church, founded in 1877 in Louisville, Kentucky, and the Plymouth Settlement House, which opened in 1917 as an extension of the church’s mission. The church and settlement house were located next to each other in the Russell neighborhood at the corner of Seventeenth and West Chestnut streets. The church’s membership was primarily made up of middle- and upper-class Black families, and the settlement house provided social services to neighborhood residents. Included in the collection are board minutes, correspondence, annual reports, and publications.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Only a selection of the records have been digitized; see the finding aid to learn about the entire collection: &lt;a href="https://filsonhistorical.org/research-doc/plymouth-congregational-church-louisville-ky-records-ca-1916-1977/" target="_blank" title="Finding Aid" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://filsonhistorical.org/research-doc/plymouth-congregational-church-louisville-ky-records-ca-1916-1977/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                    <text>'
In an effort to
'

'

&lt;

bring us together
he provoked us

to Renovation
and Change . .

Plymouth
Congregational Church
United Church of Christ
Rev. Jonathan N. Robinson

1630 West Chestnut Street
Louisville, Kentucky

�University of Loui svill e
OFFICE OF MINORITY AFFAIRS
120 E. Bran deis
Loui svill e, Ken tuck y 4020 8
The Office of Minority Affairs organized in 1976 is an expansion of the former Office of Black Affairs
which began in 1969. Within the University structure, the departme nt reports to the Vice President for
Academic Affairs/ Minority Affairs, Dr. Joseph McMillan. Charged with the overriding mission of improving
minority relations for all within the University, the departme nt has the following goals:
• To foster and facilitate harmonio us relationships among individuals and myriad groups in the
Uinversity communi ty (students , staff, and faculty)
• To ensure equal education al opportuni ty for all in the University communi ty
• To ensure nondiscriminatory access to the University and its many programs for all , regardless of
race , color , creed, sex, national origin , or religious preferenc es
• To coordinat e the design and developm ent of specific academic and cultural programs for minorities
• To assess patterns of minority recruiting and retention in university units and initiate action to
improve those patterns
• To coordinat e the design and developm ent of training programs for minorities
• To coordinat e the activities of the boards and_councils serving in advisory capacity to the Office
of Minority Affairs
• To maintain liaison with civil rights and communi ty service groups outside the university
To accomplish these goals, the departme nt is organized into two major compone nts. They are:
1) Academic Services Program
2) Cultural Developm ent Program
For additional information on the Office of Minority Affairs Program call (502] 588-6656 .
Mitchell H. Payne, Director

The Pas tor' s Fam ily
Standin g: Larna, Patrici a, Bashan and Arnona.
Below: Lynn, Pastor Robins on, Ethel and Faye.

�Dedicatio n
1877-1977

Forward
This Souvenir Booklet represents the devoted and dedicated
work of many of the members of Plymouth. The Centennial Committee is especially grateful to Ms. Fern Stighal who started out with
us, Mrs. Larna Robinson Appling, and Mr. Melver Tinsley, CoChairperson and their entire Committee. We also accknowledge our
deep gratitude to our official photographer, Dr. C. Milton Young III
who donated his time and equipment in order to make this booklet
possible. We salute all of you.
The Committee

t
To our faithful members, including members who would
all_o~ the Church to die, our consecrated pastors and the Ameri;:n
d
M1~s1onary ~ssociation, this Centennial Booklet is gratefull
an
Y
lovmgly dedicated.
. A special recognition is given to two members of our congregatht?n ~hlo passed away during the period of compilation of our
1stonca program-

Mr. Fred Dooley
(1910-1977)

-en
-f

Mr. Alexander Floyd
(1908-1977)

�Ch airp ers ons of
Cen ten nia l Cel ebr atio n

A Com muni ty Chur ch for:

A chall engin g Futu re
Mr. Herman H. Bentley

A Dyna mic Pres ent
A Histo ric Past

Mrs. Ethel M. Robinson

�Plymouth's Oldest Members
Armah Banks
and
Annie Rowan

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Mrs. Sarah Collins
President of Church Council
and
Rev-. Jonathon N. Robinson
Pastor

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�</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;The collection consists of twentieth-century records of Plymouth Congregational Church, founded in 1877 in Louisville, Kentucky, and the Plymouth Settlement House, which opened in 1917 as an extension of the church’s mission. The church and settlement house were located next to each other in the Russell neighborhood at the corner of Seventeenth and West Chestnut streets. The church’s membership was primarily made up of middle- and upper-class Black families, and the settlement house provided social services to neighborhood residents. Included in the collection are board minutes, correspondence, annual reports, and publications.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Only a selection of the records have been digitized; see the finding aid to learn about the entire collection: &lt;a href="https://filsonhistorical.org/research-doc/plymouth-congregational-church-louisville-ky-records-ca-1916-1977/" target="_blank" title="Finding Aid" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://filsonhistorical.org/research-doc/plymouth-congregational-church-louisville-ky-records-ca-1916-1977/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="width:40%;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:left;"&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky</text>
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                  <text>Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky</text>
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                <text>Letter from Valentine Meriwether to his father at the Falls of the Ohio, 23 August 1787</text>
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                <text>Settler colonialism</text>
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                <text>In this letter to his father, Meriwether discusses settling estate debts, stating that is they are not settled satisfactorily, the family may have to leave the state (Virginia). He tells of moving the people he enslaved from the kitchen into their own cabin, states the value of enslaved people will go down and "will not sell for more than a third of what they're worth." States he "never wanted to go to Kentuck [sic] till now but I am sure I can't stay here." </text>
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                <text>Meriwether, Valentine</text>
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                <text>The Filson Historical Society Manuscript Collection</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1787-08-23</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="58664">
                <text>The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en&#13;
For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/</text>
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                <text>Text</text>
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&lt;h5&gt;First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.&lt;/h5&gt;
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                  <text>Mammoth Life and Accident Insurance, Co. (1915-1992) was one of the largest Black-owned and operated companies in Kentucky's history. Four individuals founded Mammoth Life during the "Golden Age of Black Business" in Louisville, Kentucky: B.O. Wilkerson, Rochelle I. Smith, William H. Wright, and Henry E. Hall. By 1928, Mammoth Life opened district offices in seven neighboring states: Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Missouri, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. The corporation was central to the Black community for decades, especially during the height of racial segregation. In 1992, Atlanta Life Insurance bought out Mammoth Life, another Black-owned business headquartered in Georgia. By 1994, Atlanta Life closed down the flagship Louisville district office.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection contains black and white photographs, newspaper clippings, and pastel portraits of former presidents ranging from ca. 1915-1980.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please note that the Filson Historical Society does not have insurance policy records for Mammoth Life. Requests for their insurance policy records should be made to &lt;a href="https://www.kemper.com/about-kemper/contact-us/contact-Life" target="_blank" title="Contact Page" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Kemper Life Insurance Company&lt;/a&gt; at 1-800-777-8467.</text>
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                  <text>This collection is issued by The Filson Historical Society. Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The user is responsible for copyright issues. Permission for use of this image for ANY reason should be obtained by contacting Filson's Curator of Collections via research@filsonhistorical.org.</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Photograph</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>017PC39.30</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Group photo at Mammoth Life &amp; Accident Insurance, Co Louisville office, January 23, 1967</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Mammoth Life and Accident Insurance Company</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>African American businesspeople</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Insurance companies</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Louisville (Ky.)</text>
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                <text>Kentucky--Louisville</text>
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                <text>African Americans</text>
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                <text>Men</text>
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                <text>African American men</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A group of unidentified African-American men posing in front of two signs, one of which reads the "Sales Commission Success Formula."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please note that the Filson Historical Society does not have insurance policy records for Mammoth Life. Requests for their insurance policy records should be made to &lt;a href="https://www.kemper.com/about-kemper/contact-us/contact-Life" target="_blank" title="Contact Page" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Kemper Life Insurance Company&lt;/a&gt; at 1-800-777-8467.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="580">
                <text>Photograph Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="582">
                <text>This image is issued by The Filson Historical Society. Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The user is responsible for copyright issues. Permission for use of this image for ANY reason should be obtained by contacting Filson's Curator of Collections via research@filsonhistorical.org.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1967-01-23</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8597">
                <text>black-and-white photograph</text>
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                <text>photograph</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Still Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>20th century</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="83685">
                <text>1960s</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
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        <name>Life Insurance Agents</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
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        <src>https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/527976b350be0a53958aea0f9c2370fd.jpg?Expires=1779926400&amp;Signature=CqFV9vC6qYL-sCSLA%7EWRPI5zlLgMl1yYPDc1px6kHloMlm6LZCa%7ETcI39yvNOj51ETqYcOEzU%7E0D5Z22z70i9urTatiilXy%7EzSa6IFb4kAclIyvWxU2QpGnUWWDIlvNdlfqdbN7qJx76CwyXPK52OvARhdkRUUQYC2JI1CViC10%7EFakMep1iw1TM0qdCXpYX%7E77E-n8Z95hxtXUF2bROiMZw9xwYaOESVO4BFUUoQG3lVnlwAbdumuxxzM%7Eo0kJT7UuPrD27X35ZdQpqvy0Jpzi1V7x89Vn62fKxGucN1DYKsWCipG-M%7E8i4UxbGSgTc%7Edv3Andj5-No8n2D68jUnA__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM</src>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="451">
                  <text>Mammoth Life and Accident Insurance Company Collections</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="452">
                  <text>Mammoth Life and Accident Insurance Company</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1702">
                  <text>Wright, William H.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1703">
                  <text>Hall, Henry E.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1704">
                  <text>Doss, Arthur Douglass</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1705">
                  <text>Hankins, Junius E.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1706">
                  <text>Price, Julius Sr.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="8575">
                  <text>African American business enterprises</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="8576">
                  <text>Louisville (Ky.) </text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="8577">
                  <text>Insurance companies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="453">
                  <text>Mammoth Life and Accident Insurance, Co. (1915-1992) was one of the largest Black-owned and operated companies in Kentucky's history. Four individuals founded Mammoth Life during the "Golden Age of Black Business" in Louisville, Kentucky: B.O. Wilkerson, Rochelle I. Smith, William H. Wright, and Henry E. Hall. By 1928, Mammoth Life opened district offices in seven neighboring states: Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Missouri, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. The corporation was central to the Black community for decades, especially during the height of racial segregation. In 1992, Atlanta Life Insurance bought out Mammoth Life, another Black-owned business headquartered in Georgia. By 1994, Atlanta Life closed down the flagship Louisville district office.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection contains black and white photographs, newspaper clippings, and pastel portraits of former presidents ranging from ca. 1915-1980.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please note that the Filson Historical Society does not have insurance policy records for Mammoth Life. Requests for their insurance policy records should be made to &lt;a href="https://www.kemper.com/about-kemper/contact-us/contact-Life" target="_blank" title="Contact Page" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Kemper Life Insurance Company&lt;/a&gt; at 1-800-777-8467.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="456">
                  <text>The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="457">
                  <text>circa 1915-1980</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="459">
                  <text>This collection is issued by The Filson Historical Society. Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The user is responsible for copyright issues. Permission for use of this image for ANY reason should be obtained by contacting Filson's Curator of Collections via research@filsonhistorical.org.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="461">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="675">
                  <text>Harris Brothers (Photography Studio)</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1699">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;The Louisville Defender&lt;/em&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1700">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;The Louisville Leader&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1701">
                  <text>Jurige, Samuel</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Photograph</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="494">
                <text>The second president of Mammoth Life Arthur Douglass Doss—known as A. D. Doss—sitting in a chair in an office. The inscription on the back of the photograph reads, "Mr. Arthur D. Doss 2nd President Co."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please note that the Filson Historical Society does not have insurance policy records for Mammoth Life. Requests for their insurance policy records should be made to &lt;a href="https://www.kemper.com/about-kemper/contact-us/contact-Life" target="_blank" title="Contact Page" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Kemper Life Insurance Company&lt;/a&gt; at 1-800-777-8467.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="495">
                <text>017PC39.09</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="509">
                <text>Arthur Douglass Doss </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510">
                <text>Doss, Arthur Douglass</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>African American businesspeople</text>
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                <text>Mammoth Life and Accident Insurance Company</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>African American men</text>
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                <text>Men</text>
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                <text>Businesspeople</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="83656">
                <text>Louisville (Ky.)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83657">
                <text>Kentucky--Louisville</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="83658">
                <text>Men, Black</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="517">
                <text>Photograph Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="532">
                <text>This image is issued by The Filson Historical Society. Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The user is responsible for copyright issues. Permission for use of this image for ANY reason should be obtained by contacting Filson's Curator of Collections via research@filsonhistorical.org.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8574">
                <text>black-and-white photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Still Image</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75300">
                <text>20th century</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Arthur Douglass Doss</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="49">
        <name>Presidents of Mammoth Life &amp; Accident Insurance</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
