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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alexander Scott Bullitt essay regarding politics, government, and education of Native Americans, circa 1790 Description An account of the resource Speech or essay regarding politics, government, land law, and education in part. The piece was possibly intended for publication in the Kentucky Gazette. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bullitt, Alexander Scott Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bullitt Family papers- Oxmoor Collection, The Filson Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1790 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. A B937c f50 Subject The topic of the resource Kentucky Politics and government Education Settler colonialism Indigenous peoples of North America Native Americans Bullitt, Alexander Scott Land Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1790s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource essay Language A language of the resource eng Education essays government land Native Americans politics https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/8555a84d8bdcea77b7863d5cece8a9ae.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=n6QBzUT02m0CtCyGvT5hJWLpoVVtYGIc9AgKA5Q42W1Yh5ji7OG8bJJ68Xk-BvyILeBtNgEstQpEp7NsGznbc86Y3FBKNzCZ9J0sqewPLhS1ATVvkJTE3j%7ELPlau61TLp4FL2-uldw0nh2GNa3DkhlpRSuHZc87hLAZfRKOxaN-UzbWZnpkIBa-yatE46KbIHggr6Df6RDt2P9W2zRKMpXZdkXARWKkReqcKgUb8HdKGGA3KXJ9tWEeocDGxR29l5kgkpUYqfyFPHpWpmuqteqfP6ERrrqakp0tJUO%7ExKdc5kwcl86h7dHy6A%7E7W83-8k4gvQ99USyvMCBWyJ-WDEg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9076b3cc1be78719ccdb65f71d034ff8 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/947348e18687a21948a5a42a13a1ed27.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=m2S8S%7E4KgbGN95wWUhS82nQL6Zju7Ojx8HASZ7e8k0lo3oxon0cpHAyavpMAc28x7vR96Gglyh5l1wuLOucJ0%7EXN7yged1HyFV4q4AXSr3heUHZFq-7TsLAYkx%7ELivsIRLjompBoMEHvyCOiAiKoIb4nKAKWijCcIlirMJde2-sjY-T7FVc3cdNkUJKZZKWEcWOk94AA-jz8Wfc64V%7E0ay2dEvb2O48G3cO4YvB3MPxy-0YnK5uR9292lLqHjIoxHzAAEoB6aobl5E6LS6sRYd2WhtUlfYvhL5KeBkYX8Jn6aZcgueKrqBeREotAVVignedqSnheuXV1K43B6%7E8AnA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 084c64998dcc49a9b6ef0891fc054a6b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/5af004da1f6543e0ec7c54eeb7616637.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=iX-86mSwS%7EoVZBfxKbc2LY64tkpeo73s9SPdfBTg5uCLh6aAm2kK6NmefzeJ9ZfjUJc7SJx3GEWuxNgECSLHR2xSk%7EBSP9Zc6oxlcfywjcznhLaoiwOz4EL69SW74zPgud-ZbtXVK5ZVPgUt4wFgXfhhwj4yHyCe9oF71pzothefcU9NXCvuYUaTbPrDdHu9N4SNEkD-5RQKlfQh2bdKwL1%7ERAxlV1t4PIZrIhXYl94haJo3-AqOBMGSrVDFHu%7Entj4lgD3Iv44k5-PnJM77pczIsvIV-0uFnAVZTF3ftmdMjDw8zGGV5m5hai8KEtiS4DSA0OWwHTKBv-Ecy3GXWA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5e657e7b3bd84b1bd7bbd78aaf6fca53 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/794211bd92ffbcc2fae7cde742f4c700.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=uW0VPNR-4eSukvY1YioZqOi5z%7Er1C5nSlcnhf9PV6j8Acj9triVHtNSulXpEtKcHxGN30qFr10OaNyVhxli2UqQCif5HiiwM%7EzV075L2d3NcwSHsjgLySMHeiYopt4CUrWqbCH5TwtTcxW2hxGL5UR6Pjn7euBTnaMeouW2cza9q8dz%7EtomU5WNXDoDx0q-O-TIrgYTR9R%7EA9DOA17EjajSu8ZE4ZUXjGzVMO4D9JEddVpngNiqHclk5EcVrVOtggiiy8xZtb4Lw6dD1aZO6EkGF9leGsCMQrMF-7i2HtAYnyOXFRlfj5Zf1DA3khuU2OaLCzPECSNNiHaZl8EUZFw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2a25ad3063deeb4867372555f06ed315 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Joshua Fry to Jonathan Clark, 23 October 1808 Subject The topic of the resource Education Bardstown (Ky.) Schools Danville (Ky.) Description An account of the resource Joshua Fry writes to Jonathan Clark from an undisclosed location [perhaps Bardstown, Kentucky] informing him of his intention to move to Danville, Kentucky, and establish a school there. He regrets the timing of the decision and move but believes it will be beneficial for all. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fry, Joshua Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Jonathan Clark papers, 1801-1812, Filson Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1808-10-23 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. A C593e f11 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1800s Bardstown Danville Education Letters school https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/e9a65dace70d96e689b0d88ce5bf09ff.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=epkRKTzfepvdAIvznyqxydyYML9DOVJPpO9QYCcvbJNxMzZ%7Ex6Vbt-D3JIqD6BYl62t5U-nFyxzCB6qIjhQ-LWqqAbP4bAlR04o-O8a1lZvtrpF%7EOc33fykvfxQLF4BkJ%7EcClFeHaw4FNjpxDn8G%7E0U73BQksee5JNTXi24w3LOC4duDU%7EkJZZSX2Zqvvzxtekx6o8SKNac0OxF1vn-SMQD1dqEZHRkUJ9vqyKWiI6Zjye7VliZrdvhCiIe87OmSTE7bj63WG0PeFhmJdjKh4uu279GniK6jgNTLYf24R8WS41L2uKSy%7Er-71JUO-eMUUVDbzJQ2czkGhilj1WmASw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM aa195b83e9aceb10c74ed54f65453230 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Melissa Jackson to Loring Stow, May 4, 1859 Subject The topic of the resource Education Women Description An account of the resource Stow began to see the school in a more positive light as graduation approached. She wanted to be a teacher but expected her mother and older brother to oppose her aspirations. She taught in her hometown for several school terms in the early 1860s but quit teaching after her marriage in 1862. Several of Stow's schoolfriends also embarked on teaching careers. Stow's cousin, Julia Stow, briefly taught in Marble Hill, Indiana, while Maggie Brown moved farther away to teach music in Loda, Illinois. Melissa Jackson was a teacher in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, before pursuing better pay near the Ohio River in Boone County, Kentucky, which she describes in the letter. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jackson, Melissa Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Stow Family Papers, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1859-05-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is issued by The Filson Historical Society. Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The user is responsible for copyright issues. Permission for use of this image for ANY reason should be obtained by contacting Filson's Curator of Collections via research@filsonhistorical.org. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource letter Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1850s https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/82f68cbed459804b620a31988a98b09f.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=uvB0bCbdGuSUh3eY2cxMxpbDaRIUHMbcbiVEW1sIlbQLFlE9wiosa8XikLvpAop1EZ9uX7dhLVKsmkpAVxaOmhGWRsB47rjD6YKA4Uh7evqlkVPJdO%7EF54HKEsUICZwr0qUehXSbCdwt0Euc7ay55-B3jnbo9YkZO%7E8EhBAXYAbh8MCM6B50xRnQbEI1hLQCuvoJQImfNxcn1Q6GiGvd1vaaLwBoU6Uck%7EAouz0NF-bURWr32wy4oJged7tS2v6Sw-s90LiRH74-SrTBc2enhCGzvIKXdv6DZLMSVaaBXUllMvuiw1RjMth7q3vT2VM6oSzWzmHjxidNfFOFGsUNbQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b14301ef83935ae422b6f89a1aa1cdbf https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/aeb0423c7b985e62bbe3618a912dace0.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=VzVkyKEs%7EJs7553uBJ-CNqT1mJ1bgEpyRcqxr17VPMw5uXxFA7e06i6comOxwdaY-UExcr%7EUOOe9B-c385ze6V29BYDJJhEfdway-E8SWE9LkkSYIrxM6HCYA1LzTcLInMwq504WwgQZiznqytRIoY947Usx9BWyH7E3MhCS4LHn-SFXBxcQGhaBuBM7evh1jR053JknbbDX5qVxp1fsj6exUcBubbkeGlfluKKC1OTKGzRXd3PoUm6neklBb-gpeRw%7E7wqgUWdgE0W8OjLZi%7EPJV8qFriMApUT4%7EiZqu9sDs8CS0QOGW0f9frf2vXOZMRJ9R649BrNs1MdoomEsLw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0a0120ba56582f2c821cf856dc423005 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/21cf4ce71545d7879473c8177ade15e9.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=r%7EASq3UjR%7EujoMGKIndqOwkczUGHR%7EQMoAJ-rqd-uwcM03mHtKGWCUqMlSr0HtuVJkvqlizs0Oy9-5S3i7D3pV2P56NKKB9uoWGeiO3EKE0NUyatPIGoChVZKNXJvg1o%7E6hVAiVmB7L7ImqclH-MoHuGI%7Eqe79R1S1ARmF8kniYSYYX5otHW1vHblFwQiY9Yvid3dBI9gi5MOabZ24sR3BKqUsXdopxThKkLuX0jw2W7CJwM7KjTbBvxs5IenakdluaF3iEZ48eATb6rw-2Fc4flb0H70r3%7Ec8ssvxJGZfju-uJRXpU1wqRjAeVSwf6KDBQpwjkil39TYLq0uaLVnw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM cb00cf5f194a3164a2a9cc3faf182877 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/79fdf7d72293b416719c8b9caa5a1315.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=GN9Z2BhWBMSJk3oL%7E3Y1Ey-GhKM1zoKrAJrj1VzRe3Hmk1u9qwAQvfzTCrPh4gNrFPyH-v8GDGUHTdRwg9SE%7Exbw-mF1Gil2PBvzRJyxobnkb2Z0KkGDKAAWX9pdyji0-hZ3IEEHnjEBGFiV03cVCexiFq-ec6iDjgno35OhP1zm5cKSaYcbVWL8RNmMKLCQSC8ao%7EMv4JSN7u%7E%7E0qtrMAzBbJRsl1%7ESo5JqBsbjiLKHc17fQczdrooCUnbZhr8gQfHQjMNDDlrM-ZtIru5VfLoCR0J9hWXhLybi7J0eK-Fh8lmImy7N9s3xaI1OJu8zOJGEe8DGZJS3-b2o8DjdDQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 941046f92ebdadff8674db900821d7e8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Richard Mentor Johnson to William Murphy, 18 January 1828 Subject The topic of the resource Indigenous peoples of North America Native Americans Johnson, Richard M. (Richard Mentor), 1780-1850 Choctaw (North American people) Education Schools Settler colonialism Description An account of the resource Letter from Richard Mentor Johnson discusses the school at Blue Springs, Kentucky, established by the Choctaws and other tribes, and educating Native Americans with government money that belongs to them per the Treaty, and Johnson sending supplies to the school. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnson, Richard M. (Richard Mentor), 1780-1850 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society Manuscript Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1828-01-15 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. C J Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource letter Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1820s Choctaw Education Letters money Native American treaties https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/81d755096cdf8a25e7121a44a59da91a.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=vErcp6Efsutm4RNZ8VWuQVOdSGMHJAKc2907f2pSBO4GYIw8yJXeQOYjvnseF75JvyOO9qXf-r4IPLgqHHQf8lNuriguZ27MnnP9Wq1yjrEBP0A%7E6%7Eu4XtCTqOfQUdWzA2%7EV4wBSNHIV5bA9iCsRu02Tk44q121DKw9BgAPtlJdbIrE3PG8SSAYP9CDUsMH0k2%7EYGOg6%7EIh65CyzQFGCV1r-Y1371o-bsmwQF6KDmBGH-w7yznLXIdU9Xmi32-jd2uhAfDL5cEL9ZtnhA9kH6Mq6qql7Lu9iMw2fYoKN1EDbvQRELL6b5zLQMpXWSBZkdOOvY6SlCdssXFswz5tkNw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bea3900703c7d53834c1e6f93dd048fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Allan and Anna Weiss collection on Kentucky businesses and institutions Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Weiss, Allan, 1940- Weiss, Anna, 1939-2025 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mss. A W431a, Allan and Anna Weiss collection on Kentucky businesses and institutions, circa 1830s-1940s, Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. A W431a Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 20th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. A W431a Folder 21 Item 365 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1870s Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1871-11-15 Title A name given to the resource Louisville Female College progress report, 1871 November 15 Description An account of the resource Progress report sent from Louisville Female College detailing the health, academic performance, and deportment of pupil Miss Ella Lentz. Located at 283 and 285 7th Street, Louisville, Kentucky. Subject The topic of the resource Kentucky--Louisville--Seventh Street Louisville Female College (Louisville, Ky.) Prettyman School (Louisville, Ky.) Women Students Education Youth Young people Women's colleges Kentucky--Jefferson County Jefferson County (Ky.) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Louisville Female College (Louisville, Ky.) Prettyman, Solomon, 1797-1876 Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource report card Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mss. A W431a, Folder 21, Weiss, Allan and Anna. Collection on Kentucky businesses and institutions, Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No Copyright - United States <img src="https://rightsstatements.org/files/buttons/NoC-US.dark-white-interior.svg" alt="NoC-US.dark-white-interior.svg" /> The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a> Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit <a href="https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/</a>. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/7e3e483c6e03f7d2bf4698cf0cd8dc75.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=QAmimOk5iW23sSVBKmoAs-xzW3lEmEUK5JWFy1bpWs37A6n9wi0KJmgwRKP2Ea7JcUb3pTWiwXzVKFMetOy52lEE6bVodKjAS4sOa7DXUGJ36ENsfqd7r1pB6Xl1ISPLk-V0ZBLv6irAjWvnB4Rl6Ln8bxlB9r7BsUMwQRDiLbz9g2Ku4eS7YDiGNEPjakPHsGg7Jhm25K60p0lvTcGIuQYvAyfp-1glTR0k3nwUbdGN09eHvC6eJCY-M20uf2%7Em5YIv8kgGoUlxbRfKSw%7Ei0c5PO%7EGzSnlO4WvgB3c4p2z35Uw9Fh0bD-mK0vBw1ar2xseKu0EoWET-j9%7ECgEktbg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d370410fc26c0a02ccb5b162368205b0 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Louisville Free Kindergarten Association Annual Report and Catalogue Description An account of the resource The LFKA was founded by a group of women in 1887 who wanted to convince our good citizens that the kindergarten is an economic plan for the prevention of crime and a powerful agency in moral reform. In addition to opening a training school for kindergarteners (kindergarten teachers), the LFKA provided scholarships to promising young women, lobbied local and state governments to incorporate kindergartens into the public school system, and operated their own kindergartens. In 1887, the LFKA had two kindergartens and 100 students; by 1889 they had 7 schools and 350 children; and by 1905, they had served over 10,000 students. In 1911, the LFKA disbanded when training kindergarteners became a department of the Louisville Normal School and kindergartens were incorporated into the public school system. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Louisville Free Kindergarten Association Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Filson Library Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This image is issued by The Filson Historical Society. Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The user is responsible for copyright issues. Permission for use of this image for ANY reason should be obtained by contactin Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Pamphlet Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Pamphlet 372.2 L888 Subject The topic of the resource Education Kindergarten https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/20c3dab66a09d06b0af5e4db78900774.pdf?Expires=1787788800&Signature=nfDrcofjVRmBPXpTeJLbIKLchG3XAUQQ8Va2etAhFmNnUWS9-FBjfyuva7BrdrFvVnxNICCksNbPoPdqUGXlZUnK3dCCRqMlCfVyChEDy-%7Elwa8V2r6o2540fTIcJ5z8KNs0ooDbSWn%7E8YJKxRCOUV3Oizc%7EBl4gB9ioEXY2bfBVAvJxwHEZTVs1KVfyP%7EXS0C3WSX6jU8dPWw5yjNQtQZZ%7EWc4eA2h3cDDGWSIOSWKL1sohCXgDlJHPhTyYpN5ubUr4VTIJPy3qhrCiaJeXzV8qz6V7jrsYu2Tu5EDrM0MFP0sucuNYR-iYjcTltvDvrO6dLWE8hbekVhLN1Qd0fw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 819f2deb71a70a831927fb3049e78cd2 PDF Text Text The re~uler rneetinp: of' the Exeoutive Boe.rd of the Louisville Section, N. C. J •• wes hela ~ndav , Dao . 9th, 1940, at ten o ' clook in the Library of Temple Adath Israel . Mrs . nerrnan ~anotn9ker , president , presided . 29 members present. ~e minu+ - s o~ the nrevious Doe.rd meetin~ were e.nproved as read . 'the TreR • rer's r~ror s1m ·ed: Bal . on hand in Gen . Fund Oct . 21 , 1940 • . . . . . . . 208.09 Receipts . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 138. 00 Disbursements . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 . 95 ~~1. on hend in Gen. Fund Deo . 9, 1940 • . . . . . . • 68.15 Th~ s rl'lport wes accepfa,n ann filed w5 th the e.udi tor . It is o~ the utmost importance that all deliaerations o~ the Board shall be ~ent s er"'t enn sheJ 1 not ae disousseduntil after of:f!oie.1 presentation at e. general meeting . Mrs . Lon:is Glo~eT, Fin. Seoy . reported 366 members paid for icuo : lfl nPi.~ f'or 1941 . Mrs . Allen Sheninsky, Chairman of Rules e.nd Regulations ree,.d the orking Rules , u.G,1,,.A..." L. l!OVPrni-nP- th,, Sect1 on . d 1,t," shall nrast "vice word the 26, Rule in It was moved end carried that " . easurer "Tr to "'ohan~en It was moved and oar-den that Rule 28 shall read "the term of office for th"' nr.Ps~donov she.11 ~e for three (3) years, suaject to re-election. " I+, was moved and carried that Ryle 32 ae stricken frOJll the Working Rules . It was moved a..nd carr:iea that Rule 33 "be changed to read "the Louisville Sectfon, Netiona1 Council of' Jewish Vornen shall 'be a member of' the Louisville Conf'PrPriOP o~ Jew1sh Or~an'izations . " It was aleo moved end cArrie~ that a notation to the effect that these or~in~ Rules have ltel'ln emended as of Deo . 9, 1940, De attached to the Working Rules . ReferrinP- to Workin~ Rule No . 4 , the President appointed the corresponding an~ rqc~roinP' seor eteries to receive excuses from Board member s unable to attend meetings . Mrs . Josenh FrehlinP', Cheirmen of ffospital Circles r eported twelve aotive c1rei PS an~ 1"1V"' in<H.vidual contributors . The Hospital Cirole Cornmi ttee, desirous of :f'orll"t~ np- n<1W' o i rc 1 es. ef'ter a survey has found seven prospeotive groups with an aver age of' on"' nr t.ro nersons in eaoh group not Council members . As a result of these findings , ,i11d hi nrdPr t,, trv to 1mree.so the efr:ioiency of lfospital Circle activity, the com- • ~it+Pn or~"rP~ th~ followin~ resolution: "In extendinP' inviiitjons to or ~anized sooiel ~oups and in the organization of new ,r,,u,.,s wh"'r not all JIOOmUI e.re Council member s, the Committee on 'lfospite.1 Circles shP, 1 hp -permit.te~ to use :its discr etion in determinin~ whether or not these groups shf!,, b" t-nmirn f!S Council Rospital Cireles . " Mrs . JosP~h Freh1in~ move~ the adoption of this resolution. It was seoonded end car.,.;"'~· but not unenimouslv . Mrs . · Ben Solinter, Member ship Chairman, r e-ported .15 new members . Mrs . Charles Morris BUj?P-ested +.hat bulletins be sent to prospective member s . Miss Li11i~ GrAuman, ChAirman of' Ertuoe.tion announced that the Decemaer Book ~ea wi11 bn hn1o Deo . 11th, at~ p . m. at the home of Mrs . A. Ungerleider, Miss Clare 1':,,.11mf!n wH1 r.,,v,ew "World's End" 1ty Un•tn Sinclair . Mrs . SvlvAin Bernstein. Hospitality Chairman announoed that a Tea will follow th~ DeoembPr nietinP-,: Mrs . Silas Star , · Prop:rem Chairman announced that the meeti ng w1i1 hr rPnorts fr,,m th"' Triennial . ~rs . Dav~d Treub, Cheirmen of Social elfare rAoorted that all projeots Degun les,._ v "r Al' l,,:,inl" continued . Mrs . Traub spoke with enthusiasm of :the work of' the !ov Landini" Comm:ittel'I :i:Jmxxlix:ilt11 and of the valuable aid the Council has given same . Mrs . T<.':stelle Kaufman, Chaim.en of' Penny Lunch announced the appointment of Mrs . Max 0pnenhPim r , Chairmsn or. Lunch•oom worker s . The Penny Lunch Fund has rec iv"'~ th mAmorie1.s of' Mrs . Celie Kohn e,nd Mr . ffarry Kohn, 'besides sever al generous oontr~hutions . In annreoiation or the Council's work in sellinp: tickets for the S+ar SpRn~1.ed Show- , ~;van f'or the benefit of under pr ivileged children, the Crescent "A"i 11 omen's Club turned $50. 00 of' the proceeds to the Council to be used in Penny Lunoh work . Tha services o~ a W. P. A. worker have been offered and accepted for i:1,nehr,,~m ,.,nrlr. 0 ) 0 0 �( Mrs. Bernard S0 111man's rP.port announced the next meeting of the Cont nmore.r,r Jew~sh Affairs p.:roup Monda~ Dec . 16th, a.t 1 p.m. ~o renort or Mrs. Frenk -Garlov, Chairman of Drives, showed that in tli" Annuel Rad Cross Call, the five 1,ooths manned · ltv •. Council members collected 604. 0~ , n ~ein over last VAar . Mrs . J . ~a.rry Rosenbaum, representing the Council in Red Cross work ennoun~ 0 rl thet dressinp.:s tor the United States Anny are now 'being made . Mrs . Rosonbeum asked for volunteer workers . Mrs . Lewis C~lo rP.norted that 13 children are now enrolled in the Nurserv School, ann thet the sehool now he.s the services of an :N. Y. A. worker . Mrs. Co1° Also r 0 norteo An evere~e attendanee of 9 children al'ld added that ~ore eM 1rlr TI cPn 'hn ,mro11P~ as thP.y are recommended. ~ - l : v ; ~ t<,.. Mrs . Arthur Klin~ . Chair~n or Am;iriea:nize."t!On reported on(l;he orkshop and "nnounced exhi hi ts had 'bePn held et the Methodist Church and the Y• . c. A. and that Pxh1~~ts pr br1n~ made at the Commodore Beauty Shop end at the Musee de Noel at the K~ ntuc'lcy 'Pfo+.e1. Th_"' p.:roup of' Ger~ women studying American IUstor y under the leaderMrs . Kling sh1 ~ o~ Mrs . Den Eyck was reported to be most interested in the work . elsn ennouneod that the Quaker Soeietv will aecept bundles of clothing to be sent to ,. ri>f'u~ee cel'TIP in Spain. Four new citizenship papers have eeen paid f'or out of the Klaub'"'r l"uno . A donation of' lumber from Mr . Jaco\, Levy for the nursery sehool was reported. 'i'h.P president, Mrs . Jllermen Iiendmaker announceda luncheon Dec . 12th of the '1'!,_ird Distr1ct, Kv . Federation of' 'fomen'sCoubs . Mrs . ~e.nc,naker attended a meeting "rov . 30th or the eommittee on theCause end Cure tJf War . A regional conference will bi> h 1a in Febr,1arv at whieh ti~ the topic of discussion will ~ "ffow Sh~the ~ .._ Uni +A~ StA+.es m0 et the Challen~e of' Totalitarianism? 'b-...,...(.L A.I Mrs . LawrPnce Gi-aumen, Chairman of Peace and Internati nal Re ation reporte\i Con11:ress~ Emmett t,l--,A+ th· "'o,,n 1 s studyin~ South knericen conditions end relat i ons . 0'NPP1 wil1 e~oress the ~roun on Dec . 19th, end the servi c es of' other speakers are b""1n.,. ,,rranP' d for future de.tes . Mrs .ff9ndmaker ennoin+ea Mrs . Barnett Linker, Mrs . J . M. Fuhrman and Miss Jessie Gr auman as a comm~ttee to select the n~es of three pi oneer women to be sent to +.he Third District, Ky. Federation of 'fomen ' sClubs ,- thesenmnes to be sent later to +.hr Gener al FPderation meetin~ in Atlantic City, to beheld next sulll!'l.er . . 0 0 Corresnondence: A lotter or thanks we.s rece~ved from the ~onleuimee of Jewish omen's Orir:an1 ie.+.1 cm s for the November Pee.ea proe:rfll!l. A let+.Pr f'rom Mrs . Marie Tachau of the Lea~ue of omen' s Voters,enolosing 1 i Rt. o-r s+11ov OTouns and invitin~ member ship in the League . A note or than~s from the f'emilv of Mr . Michael Switow and froom Mr . JAck JudAh f'or attention shown on his 80th birthday . A lPtt.er from the United States Dept. of' Justice explainin~ the status ~r +he r~~istratjon of rlwt aliens unto this date end asking for continued CO"P re+·on. A 1,,tter from the Americen Bureeu for American Aid to Chine asking pa.rtiein~+.i on in thPir annual Bowl of' Rice narty. No further business, +he meetinp.: adjourned. Goldie M. Strauss, Rec . Secy. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust and the Ohio Valley, 1920, 1933-1990s Description An account of the resource This collection consists of documents and photographs related to Jewish experiences in the Holocaust and World War II, Jewish American efforts to support refugees, and historical memory of the Holocaust in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. This digitization project is in partnership with the Louisville Ballet's <em><a href="https://www.louisvilleballet.org/a-time-remembered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Time Remembered</a> </em>performance, which marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. <div><br />Holocaust-era family documents center on the Wolff, Levy, and Ackermann families who escaped to the United States from France and Austria, and ultimately settled in Louisville. Passports provide photographs of the family members and track their movements through countries. Letters document their efforts to navigate the administrative barriers to passage, and the tragic fate of relatives who were not approved to leave.<br /><br />Records from the National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section document the organization's activist work in fundraising for and directly serving refugees in the city, and political organizing around national immigration policies and economic boycotts of German-made goods. The collection includes sample correspondence from national organizations and individuals who supported and were against Zionism in response to the violent antisemitism of the Holocaust. <br /><br />The final items in the collection document Holocaust memorial events in the 1990s. Invitations, photographs, scripts, press releases, and articles represent the memorialization work of the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Community Federation of Louisville, <span>Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, and other  organizations.</span></div> <br />This project was generously supported by the Jewish Heritage Fund.<br /><br /><a href="https://jewishheritagefund.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://jewishheritagefund.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" alt="jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" width="306" height="58" /></a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920, 1933-1990s Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. BJ N277a Folder 015 1940-12-09 Title A name given to the resource National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section, Executive Board meeting minutes, December 9, 1940 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Description An account of the resource National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section, Executive Board meeting minutes for December 9, 1940. The minutes include reports on the group's Nursery School enrollment and Workshop, both of which served immigrant women and families. The Service to the Foreign Born Committee also reported on interest in Mrs. Dan Byck's American History study group for German women, collection of clothing for a refugee camp in Spain, and use of the Klauber Fund to cover fees for "four new citizenship papers." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940-12-09 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century 1940s Subject The topic of the resource National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Jews Jewish women Women Kentucky--Louisville Kentucky--Jefferson County Louisville (Ky.) Schools Education Adult education Emigration and immigration Jewish refugees Refugees Immigrants Children World War, 1939-1945 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource minutes Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mss. BJ N277a, Folder 015, National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Records, 1906-2020, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. for other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://Filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/ef8b89412bfe7c9c8646fbf76fd6fda1.pdf?Expires=1787788800&Signature=lNXuJOM-nT1JvBnTycHK7EJmyNP7eh3tm1QCfXDXvUSStW-OmDDbRE18ZSz1YeMSOXdH9ruYIO4YxR6TNuk2Ccpvdelxi99cBCBEY4mJHInEq2D3hGFLyF0nKhdvHSYI1Vpw7-dgq95V0bgj3ChPqcU7emKLXko4ukxeq6W5UDSTRKQRoqdOHvdDBEkmls2j8jIIuL9UdweKTPu51OKSNYnH7hBvtORPEYZiioF5xNl2%7EB7dVg74rHaq2g2LoJiHeZHRNSB0ysEHMRW2BcmpHKm2ZtSZeg39gduYBEHoKrr4qp2XyC1shQ0xoOhVSgGIBrqJ-HewCcpca6AxGxEv9A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 528b05b0a26fe87e6f0b926c198c0453 PDF Text Text c./ Y)y\ J-J ;-\ p ' . .. -byDAVID A. SAGERMAN camp d tree tor �Sta.ff Officer• YOUNG MEN'S HEBREW ASSOCIATION Lewi& D . Cole, President Abe 8 . Berman, l•I J'lce Pre.Jule11t Jo,epb J , Kaplu , 211d l'l,-,Pre,id,111 C, Saal Bertunan, 3rd l'lu-Pre,ld,nl Sam J , B,ierlield, 4111 l'lu-Pruldelll Morrh Sjmon, Trea.,urer Mu . Jacob LeYy. Secrelo'1 0 Organized 1890 "The Jewish Community Center of Louisville" AJlillated With Co-uull7 Chell Member of the National Jewi1h Welr•re Board Aaron S. Schreiber, Esew1i11e Diru.10, Maurice M. Richlin, A1laktic Director David S ■ gt.rmao, Sup. Adult Activitie.. Edith R. Cohen. Sup . Youth Acl'iviti~ Jton c ua M ■ 1 cr. Publk Relatio,u Margaret Friedlander, Dance lrurruelor Pauline Pc ■ raon , Bu~ineu Mano, e.r Raema Ed~htt:in . ecretory , \f&Uated With Louln·llle Conference or Jewl eb Orgaab.atio•• JAckson 7164 729 S. SECOND STREET LOUISVILLE 2, K E N T U C K Y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - September 6, 1950. Board of Directo r s Young Mon 1 s Hebrew Association 72 9 South Second Street Louisvi ll e 2, Kentucky Dear Board of Dir e ctors~ Upon tho r equest of tho Crunp To.11 Tr ees Committee , I am subr.litting this r eport o.s compiled by Mr. David A. So.gormun, Crunp Director . I am very much impres sed with this information as it brings out mnny fnc ots of tho ca.mp op er at ion which I f oo l ar c informo.t ivo nnd intorosting t o a ll of us. Mr . Sngormo.n spent mnny hours i n the pr oparo.tion of this report which touches upon every phase of tho cnmp oper at ion. I f oo l tho.t ho has done o.n outst o.nding job in tho prosonto.tion of this analysis o.nd I run sure that you will wunt to r oa d i t car efully. Since r e ly yours, s. SCHREIBER Exec utive Director AARON ASS :RE Board of Director. Honorary Board Member11 Sidae7 D . Appel Louil Cohen A . W. Fl,hebaker Ur. Jo, . M. Frehlin1 Arthur S. Klia1 Fred Lf:yy Jame ■ B . Le•y M.F.Man ChH , W'. l'tlorri, Ma.s 'Wa]dmaa Benj . F . \l-Hhtr Mu. Jacob Ade. Ale Bornttein Rabbi B. Brilliant Mrt. I. Oreyfu, JOI , li10l1ebaker Nor-ber l Friedman Rab bi J. J. Gittleman ol ColJber1 Bt'rnud S. Cold,teio Herman C. Bandmaker Carl Belman Dnld W. Karp Jame ■ Kaadan Barry J . Klein Murrel D. Klein Barry J. Klein Human Landau Mr,. Sam Lerman hadore Luine Tony Le•it ■ n E. J. Lip,cbull Rabbi M. M. Perle, Dr. I . B. Perl,teiD Dr. Jo,epb Rauch M.ra. Milton B. Roben,oo Rebbi Solomon Roodmao Ah·in S. Rotenberg , Jr . Bernard D . Roac..nblum Farrell E. Salzman Dr. Herbert S. Waller Ferd B. Weh. Jr . Mr,. Abe Yorre Alexa nder W. Erleo, Es,olfido Dr. I. T. Naamani, Es..oJllcio D ■•jd Dobaon, E•-oJJieio �R E P OR T 0 F 0 P E R AT I ON S C A MP T AL L T R E E S ----------- LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY - 1950 SEASON - by David A. Sagerman, Director Camp Tall Trees �CONTENTS OF TABLE ...• • • • • • .•.• • Forward. • • • • . Staff Organization and Salary Chart. • . • Financial Report 1950 Season • • . • . • • • • Camper Breakdown • • • • • . • . • . • . • • . • • .. • • • • • Camp Objectives. • . . • • Preface. .• . .• • • .• Counsellors. • • • • • • • .. 2 • 4 • 5 • 6 • • • • • • • • • • • 7 Programming. • • • • Health and .• • • .• • • . • • • • • Safety. • • • . • • • • • • • • .• • • • • • • Sports . • • • • • • • • • • Religious Services • Movies • Library. ... .•.• • • 8-9 • • .10-12 • • • • • • • • .13-14 • • • • .• • • .15-16 Records. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Swimming • • 1 3 .• • • • Counsellor Training. • • • • • • • Food • Page .' • • . . .•• •• • . • • • ..• • . • • • • .• 17 .18-19 • • • • • • • • 20 • • • • • • • .21-23 • • • • • • • • • . • 24 • • 25 �PREFACE The purpose of this report is to present an objective and valid review of the Louisville YMHA Camp Tall Trees at Rock Haven, Kentucky during the period June 11 - July 23, 1950. For the sake of clarity the report has been broken down into a number of sections, each dealing with a specific aspect of the camp function. This does not disregard the obvious overlappin g and integratio n of the areas discussed , but rather serves to present the dynamic aspects of these areas more vividly. No attempt has been made to give a complete picture of the camp organizat ion, administr ation, supervisio n, nnd program. However, it is hoped that Board and Camp Committee members will better understand the general nature of operation s of Camp Tall Trees during the 1950 season and use the report as a guide for more effective planning for the forthcomin g camp season. I would like to express my sincere appreciati on to Mr. Abe Berman, chairman of the Camp Committee , for his interest and great help at all times, as well as the other members of the committee who could always be depended upon for their utmost cooperatio n. I am especially grateful to Mr. Aaron Schreiber , Executive Director of the YMHA for his able guidance and assistance during the camp season. -1- �FORWARD The camp is unique in the emphasis it places upon children's living together continuously, cooperatively and democratically in intimate contact with the out-of-doors. It is a direct experience as opposed to the vicarious learning of the classroom. tive days camping was just plain outdoor living. In primi- However, when we consider the term camping today, we usually associate with it certain elements that are inherent,--namely, outdoor experiences related to food and shelter; recreation and group living; it implies social adjustment; it is educational in that the learning experi~ ences-whether oriented towards skills, knowledge, or appreciationare vital, direct, and meaningful. •All these lend enrichment to the growth of the child. Why a Jewish camp? To encourage and help transmit our Jewish culture and heri tagEJ within a derr-,ocratic framework on the level that the camper is ready to receive, and to help develop spiritual growth, The camping ·movement has be en viewed as one of the great- est educational contributions in the past fifty years. has added fun to learning. The camp �( ( CAMP TALL TREES 1950 Season STAFF ORGANIZATION AND SALARIES Till!A CMP COL'J.UTTEE Abe Berman, Chairman Aaron S . Schreiber, YlJHA Director Abe Jacobson, Arthur Kling, Joseph Kaplan, Poachy Marks Sidney Appel, Evelyn Levine, Al Erlen, Lewis D. Cole, David Sagerrnan , Sec'y . CAT'Jl DIRECTOR David A. Sagerman HEAD COUl'TSELLOR (camp doctor) I ~ I ( $250) BOY COUNSELLORS GIRL COUNSELLORS Counsellor A 181 years (~125) Counsellor B (20½ years) ($125) Cotmsellor B 20 years ($125) Counsellor C 18½ years (t 10O) Counsellor D 19 years ( ~125) Counsellor C 22½ years Counsellor D (19 years) (~125) ($ 125) Counsellor A 24 years ($125) KITCHEN STAFF COOK (02 40) KITCHEN HELP ($100) KITCHEN HELP (C:12O) TOTAL SALA.RIES 1949--$27 79. 87 TOTAL SAL.ARIES 195O-- tl685 . OO �. INC01.~E Camp Fees . Handcraft & Canteen. Non-nembership fee . • • . .. • .• . . • . . . . . . TOTAL INCOME EXP ENDITURES: Food• • • Meat Bread Eggs, butter., milk Vegetables. Gumperts I ~ I 1949 1950 . • • • • • 636.38 . . . • . • • 682.79 137.14 . .. • • • • 172.63 424.36 500.97 . . • • 156.53 . . . . • • . . 190.23 97.05 219.30 . . • • • • • 36.25 . . . . . Fish • • • . Staples (canned goods, etc.). • 613.50 .. .• . . • .. • • .• • • • . .578.11 . ~lnries . • • • . I:Uectricity . . • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . • • • ~flt • • • • • • • . • . • • • . • . _,.arts. • • . . • . • • • . • ~teen • . . . • . • • • • . • • • . • . . • • • . • • Sup~lies & Equipment. . • . • • • • • • . • • • • • . (including soaps, disinfectants, paper towels, toilet paper, dishes, etc.) . .. . .• . • .• Qtfice Su~plies. • • • . . • . . . . . . . . . loo • • • • • • • • • • • Transportation (including truck used for change periods) . . . . . . • . . Pi-ogram supplies (including paper goods). • • . • • • • • . . . Poete.ge, publicity,printing. . • • • • • • . . . . FllOl • • . • • • . . . . • • • .• • •• .• •• ~letic sup? lies • • • . • • . • • . .. . .• . Opening & clQsing • • . • • . • • • • • . . . . Laundry . • • • • • . . l,:edical Sup:;:, lies • • . . • • . . . • • • . • .. . .. . . . Conference expense. . . • • • . • . . . . . . . Miscellaneous . • . •• • • . • . . • • •• • • . • .• • Refunds . • . • Garbage disposal .• • • • • • • . New boilers . . . .• • • • .• .• • • • • • • • • • • r 4 & ~ Ca.Mp Fees YLlf.A 1·embe rs l'T on-t::embers - 035 per t wo 'T~~,e c}-::: per io d . • ~40 per t wo week pe riod • TOTAL EXPENSE TOTAL INCONB DEFICIT 1949 .$ 5,920.00 124.10 $ 1950 5,180.00 91.75 170.00 $ 6.,044.10 $ 5,441.75 2,415.67 2,029.57 <Cl 11;: . f;tJ r3 > t-< t"' 2,779.87 36.80 331.20 86.88 72.85 234.85 1,685.00 88.13 331.20 41.77 93.97 116 .67 22.78 82.03 423.13 228.73 66.10 10.27 63.28 62.37 64.80 45.35 30.00 8.64 20.00 44.45 281.71 69.76 70.62 ----------------- ----28.58 _____ .,. ------ 70.15 50.00 5.17 130.00 25.00 60.00 $ 7,065.60 $ 5,241.75 6,044.10 $ 1,021. 50 SURPLUS DAY CAMP DEFICIT BALANCE 5,441.75 200.00 $ <!' 200.00 'Ii' 000.00 r3 ~ tz:l Cl.I t-' <O Q'1 0 Cll ~ i >xj H ~ 0 H > ; 0 :::0 r3 �CAMP TALL TREES 1950 SEASON CAMPER BREAKDOWN • Planned camper capacity for 1950 season . Number of campers served . Number of different campers served . • . • • • • • I. Number of campers by period; • • • • • • • 1949 Bows Girls A. 1st period B. 2nd period C . 3rd period 19 17 28 28 28 75 25 70 (145) 20 35 28 23 30 26 79 83 (162) II. Aftie Distribution By Periods (1950) 1st Period 8 yrs. 9 yrs. 10 11 12 13 14 15 yrs. yrs. yrs. yrs. yrs. yrs. Boy~ 5 2 3 1 Girls 4 2 2 2 2nd Period Boys 3 5 4 3 2 6 4 2 3 4 2 1 4 .144 .145 . 99 • Girls 3 5 4 7 9 2 Total Age Dtet. 3rd Period Boys 2 5 6 2 3 3 7 Girls 4 5 Boys Girlf 10 11 12 1 5 13 9 4 10 4 7 14 1 -- 11 7 14 15 10 .2 III. Average Food Costs Per Person 1 949 . • .Campers plus staff (225)--actua l food expenditures $ 2,366.00 10.51 CJst per person per period 'it' i,., ~ 1950 . . . Campers plus staff (190)--actua l food expenditures -1? 2,30.00 $ 10.• 68 Cost per person per period - 5- �CAMP OBJECTIVES The program at Camp Tall Tree s hBs been evolved with the following objective s in mind: 1. To dev e lop s e lf-re lia nc e , insight, and resourc e fulness through dire ct expe ri enc e s in group living ; 2. To l ea rn the fund amental:' skills necess a ry for living in the out-of-doors; 3. To deve lop n ew leisure time a ctivitie s high in carry-over va lue 4. To d e ve lop physic a l ho alth throu gh di e t, r e st, and activities; 5. To d c volo p knowledge, judgme nt, insight, and appro::. ciation of the world a bout us; 6. To de velop whol e some attitudes a nd high ideals; 7. To r emove superstitions a nd fe a rs of the outdoors and show that t he world a bout us c a n be us ed to enrich live s; 8. To encour ag e socia l valu e in group living--getting a long togc the r--re c o 6 nizG soci&l r e s ponsibility as an individual to the g roup; d e vel op cornmunity expe ri e nc e :J.nd r e s pon s ibility through g roup proj0cts; 9. To he lp d e ve. lop a sounder per·sons.lity b y e. tt e mpt ing to mee t the n eeds of the camp e r in terms of his physical, social, moral, a nd ps ychologic a l d eve lopme nt; J.O. To d e ve lop democra tic principle s of sh2, ring, planning, and c oope r &. tion; 11. To encourag e and he lp transmit our Jewish culture o. nd heritage; 12. To m[t k c friends ond ha vE. fun in pleas a nt surroundings. ·- 6 - �COUNSELLORS Leadership for camp counselling implies the possession of personal qualities, skills, trnining, nnd experience which will enable each counsellor to perform his specific function in the camp progrRm . The counsellor must also he.ve a clear understanding of his professional relctionships to the camp administration , to campers, to parents, to ether staff members, and to tho locnl community~ Though th e program is the real reason children ~njoy camping, whether or not a camp realizes its major goals depends upon the skill with which the program is planned and carried out . The counsellor in terms of his skills, physical, social, intellectual, and emotional qualities is the key to the successful camp program. The counsellor at Camp Tall Tre e s during the 1950 season was selected on the basis of pe rsonal qualities, education , and extent of previous camping experience . All the counsellors were either coll ege students or c ollege graduatos and had had previous camping experience. There were no specialty counsellors. ERch cabin- couns e llor group workc~ out its own overall program, including activities such as archery, crafts, nature, etc. Each counsellor, however, assumed a specinlized role in addition to his or her regular duties. A malG and female counsellor (bo th lifeguard ex- am iners) conducted the swimm ing program. Another person was in charg e of c2nteen; library~ athletic equipment; ballet class; healt class, etc. Counsellors t no k turns in conducting nnd leading even- ing programs, dependent up on their interests and skills. They re- ceived one day off during the week except the opening and closing weeks of camp. girls I area. OD duty was rotated daily in both tho boys' ana - 7 - �COUNSELLOR TRAINING 1. Training prior to camp a. b. 2. personal interviews prlor to opening of camp where . aims, objectives, philosophY,and program possibilities are discussed correspondence with counsellors prior to their arrival at camp to discuss the various aspects of camping Pre-camp conference Two days prior to opening of camp a pre-camp training course was held at C8ll11p Tall Trees. Only two days are avail- able for pre-camp training due to a time element in obtaining the camp area. Four days would be highly desirable. The nature of the training period was that of having discussion leaders qualified in certain areas of camp program to present some of the objectives and values of that particular phase of camping experience and how each counsellor would fit into the total picture in making use of this program area. The history and background of the camping movement as well as philosophy of camping was discussed by the director. Health and safety was discussed by the camp doctor. Swimming instruction and safety were presented by the life guard examiner. Sessions were held on camp routine and schedules, staff regulations, campcrafts, sports, recordkeeping and reports, singing, table courtesies, arts and crafts , trips, and Jewish content in program areas. in The films, "School Time Camp" and "Feeling of Rejection" were shown and discussed. In almost every tnstance the counsellors participated in the planning and in the discussion of the counsellor training course. -· 8 - �3. In-service training From time to time demonstration s and discussions we re held on various phases of camping and program. staff meetings a week we re held . An average of two Individual conferences we re held onc e a week be twee n the di r ector and couns el lor. Daily narratives and period r eports we r e kep t by all couns el lors and were used a s a basis for discussion a t staff mee tin gs and individual confe r ences. In order for the couns ellor to do a more eff e ctive job and have a more satisfying pe rsonal expe ri enc e at camp , it is r ecomme nd ed tha t the various staff tra in ing methods employ ed this past year be utiliz ed for th e coming s ea son, and, if possible, to ha ve a longe r p r e -c amp confe r e nc e period to furth e r exp lor e a r ea s of prog r amming and orie ntation. - 9 - �PROGRAI,1MING Camp Tall Trees is organized as a decentralized co-ed camp with a counsellor-camper ratio of 1 to 6 -7. In view of the American Camping Association standard of 1 to 8 as a mark of good camping , this ratio is highly satisfactory. Since the needs and interests of campers vary (age, sex , etc .l an at tempt was made to rnep the p r ogram balanced and va ried s o that the camp objectives coulo be achieved while meeting the needs of the individual ca mper in terms of his physical , mental , social and emotional edjustments . Programming wa s highly flex - ibl e ano the cabin group and counsellor - in-charge were primarily r esponsible for the types of activities carried on by each group . Besides th e ca b in -c ounsellor method of d e termining th e cabin group program, in c e rt a in a ctivities camper r ep res e ntatives planned programs, a nd in other inst an c e s acti it y was pr ea rranged by st a ff . In al l instances the he a lth ana s a fety of the c ampe r was a p rime conside r a tion. Ther e was an hour rest period afte r lunch every ~ft e rnoon and b e dtime was 9:00 p . m. As units, t he c a mpers planned the ir cookouts , overnights , exploration trips, fishing trips , crafts, hikes, e tc . As repre - sentatives of g rou p s they helped plan reli g ious programs , sports ev e nts, c amp fire programs , mass activities , skit nights , carnival a nd othe r spe cia l c ctiviti e s . The staff a rr anged for such p ro- gram s as a couns e llor show, u nd banquet . In gene r a l, tho campers pra ctic ed planning, thinking, a nd living coop e rativ e ly. only t a lk ed d emocra cy, t hey liv ed it . They shared in the respon - sibility a s well as the benefits of their activities . - 10 - They not �Tho general basis of program content involved camper interes· c amper needs, staff interests and capabilities, the equipment available, the c amp site, and the philosophy of camping as de veloped by the camp director and staff. The daily schedule in- cluded a morning and afternoon swim period; a morning and afternoon activities period, and an evening program . The program was evaluated from time to time at staff meetings and at individual conferences with counsellors in ternis of objectives achieved in proportion to the period of time spent in camp; the counsellor point of view; the campor point of view; and in terms of uso of Program records and camper records mn terials in the environment. were used in these evaluations. The programs listed repres~nt the actual activities campers participntec in during tho camp sercson. However, this does not include the entire scope of the camp progre.m . A. Daily Progran~ing Photography Campcrafts Hiking Cookouts Games--indoor; outdooractivc; inactive B. Story telling Dram:.:i.tics Singing Berry picking B0king pies Pishing Swimming Athletic activities Nature hikos--trees, ani mals, flowers, minerals Arts and crnfts--v. oodwork, woodburning, tin can crafts, gimp projects, copper tooling, leaf prints Exploration trips--pipe line, Morgans Cave, Blue Hole, etc. 1 - Projects - -trce house , nature museum, dining hall decorations Rest periods- - rcst, letter writin quiet games, read, discuss program Flag ceremonies Afternoon snack Overnights Each group aftor having experiences of hiking anc1 2 cookout during the first week, w8nt on ar overnight hike and cooked at leae two meals outdoors. The group living expE.:rience, the acquisition of new skills , and the thrill of n new experience and the reassur&nce that the out of doors ~re safe, makes this a must in the camping program. 11 - �C. SpC; cinl Activi tie s Trip t o Ft . Knox - -gold vault , Patt on museum , swim , fl ag loweri~ g , movie Hay rid e t o farm and picni c St a t e Cha mp di vin g exh ibition Campe r - Couns ul l or s o ftb a l l v.nd ba ske t ba ll ac ti vi ti e s Carniv a l Come F-S y ou a re d a nc e Dramat ics .So c ial ·game.a. St or y t e lling night F'r ee nig ht E . Class e s Hea lth Be. ll e t Cho ir (f or s e rv i c e s) D. Eve ni ng Activi ti e s Tr ea s u r e hunt s Sc o. v 0ng6 r h un ts Campfi r e s Stu nt nigh t s F . J ewish Co nt e nt Fr iriay e ve ni ng a nc Sa turday mo rning s e r v ic e s Onog Sh9. bba ts St ory t c ll j ng J ev ish trut h a nd c ons e qu e nc e s Cr ea tivs d rnmG t i cs (b ~s ed on Bibl e t heme s) Ma cc ::1bc id d r.y Sca venge r hunt ba s ed on Bible theme s t:'1J i z s hc,vrn S1uare a n~ s oci a l d an c ing Cap t ur e the fl ag Midnig ht s wim Campe r-c ou ns e ll o r sh ow Camps r-c c uns e ll or game s Camper be. nque t Spel l ing bee Mo v iC; s N0wsp2.pe r - 12 - �FOOD Menu plannin g was aimed at a balance d diet of plain, wholesome food, well cooked and attract ively served . • The primary considera tions were to meet the nutriti onal require ments and provide adequa te food for the growing chil~. The food budget , though predete rmined , was flexib le in that all these criter ia were met more than adequa tely . Foodst uffs include d moals served in the dining hall as well as outdoo r cooking , camp partie s, and for specia l occasio ns. Dietary laws were observ ed. The menus were set up in consul tation with a dietici an for the entire camp period prior to the opening of camp . Variety , nutriti ve value , avnila bility of foods and use of left-ov ers were factors considered in the plannin g of _meals. Afterno on snacks were pro~ vided daily and bedtime snacks from time to time . snacks w ✓ re provide d each evenin g. Counse llor Counse llors were made aware of the individ ual camper 's n(rnds from a medica l history and parent s report provide d us on each child . to help develo p desira ble An attemp t was made food habits in terms of needs. Menus for cookou ts end overnig ht hikes were reviewe d carefu lly by the counse llor and camp directo r to determ ine balanc e, adequa cy, and nutriti onal value. Record s of menus of all cookou ts and over- nights were mainta ined as referen ces for future guidan ce . The kitchen staff consist ed of a cook, who was respon sible for the prepar ntion of all meals, and two helpers whose primary duties consist ed of washin g dishes , cleanin g the kitchen and dining hall, and setting the dining hall tables . This staff was able to handle service for sixty-f ive person s includi ng the staff. The dining hall was a place for relaxti on and educat ion as well , and table courte sies we~e practic ed at all times • .. 13 - �A very adequate sto ckroom made it possibl e to place a large initial order of canned foods and ce r tain staples so that only one other large order of this type was necessary to meet the re quirement s for the remainder of the season . Savings in time and money resulted from these quantity purchases . Fresh fruits and vegetables wero primarily purchased weekly, though sometimes i t was necessary or desirable to purchase aaily . were delivered to camp daily. Dairy products A deep freeze at camp made it possible to hold a reserve of four days ' meat supplies at one time and orders were delivered a day prior to use of the last day ' s supply . Health examinatio ns were requirod for the cook and the two kitchen helpers . Personal cleanlines s was stressed at all times . The kitchen and dining hall were scrubbed weekly . Garbage was removed daily and whatever remained was burned in an incinera t or. Plnt6s and utensils were thoroughly cleaned, washed with soap , sterilize d , and dried . Fly and rodent controls were effected by the frequent use of insecticid es, and thorough screening of all doors and windows . In general, the kitchen and food practices and procodure s provea more than satisfa c tory . - 14 - • �HEALTH AND SAFETY The whole camping experience is closely interwoven with health, and safety provisions and practices. One of the import- ant aims is health improvement, and the dovelopmont of desirable health habits. Safety is also a major concern in camp layout as well as in all phases of the camp program. Health and safety precautions at Camp Tall Trees were fairly rigid and the results of these measures were very satisfactory. In gen0ral, the health and safety of the campers was very good-there were no serious illnesses or accidents. There were the usual scratches, bites, bruises, cuts, blisters, abrasions, sore throats and colds. However, the number of cases was relatively The following measures were carried out for camp health. small. I. General Camp Health A. Sanitation l. drinking water inspected by city 2. garbage picked up daily or burned 3. kitchen and din:tng hall cleaned daily and scrubbed weekly 4. camp area sprayed for mosquitoes by Army 5. latrines and washing area cleaned daily 6. camp area policed regularly B. Balanced Diet 1. plain, wholesome food, well-cooked and attractively served, and adequate for needs of growing child. c. Physical and Mental Health 1. counsellors planned activities so that there would be no 6verstrain and overfntigue of their crunp groups 2. counsellors were guided by pre-camp data on individual campers 3. counsellors received some understandlng of mental hygiene in staff meetings and individual conferences. D. Waterfront 1. qunltfied lifeguards for instr~ction and adequate protection by counsellor coverage of specific swimming areas 2. water treated and tested each dny - 15 - �3. 4. 5. 6. shower faciliti es near pool safety devices such as life buoy and bamboo pole counsel lors instruct ed in first aid by camp doctor camp doctor final authorit y on whether camper could go swimming E. Sleeping Quarters 1. cabinsw i th no more than five campers for heal th precauti ons 2. daily inspecti on of c ebins and weekly scrub down F. Lnund ry 1. campers laundry taken into town weekly 2. kitchen lrnlp did some campers ' laundry 3. campers did individu al laundry II, Persona l Health A. Honlth Practice s I";onmp 0rs were educated to change clo thes frequen tly and keep clean 2, rest periods were provide~ each day after lunch 3, counsel lors concerne d self with eat:l.ng habits of onmpers 4. nine o 'clock bedtime III, Safety A, Preoa.ut ions 1, campers learned charact eristics of poison ivy--its preventi on and cure e, trips wh:i.ch lnvolved dangerou s cliffs and hills were ovoid Eid 3, safety at the waterfvo ~t wns constan tly impresse d upon the campers y Infirmar.._ IV, .....,..,...._,, A, Orp;aniz ation 1, supervis ed by medical student also wheneve r 2, sick calls in morning and afternoo n necessar y 3, adequate supply of first aid equipme nt and medical supplies Due to defectiv e bo1lers during the first two periods, the availab ility of hot water was not assured . Gas heaters replaced the coal stoves tqe last period and this proved very satisfac tory. One of tho toilets in enah latrine was inoperat ive for various lengths of time during the six weoks as was the boys urinal. These conditio ns were reported to the park superint endent and correcte d as they occured , Clo~ er supervis ion of campers would alleviat e the problem of stoppage of toilets, It is recomme nded that n hot wate r tap and toildet faojliti es be installe d in the infirmar y, ... l6 "' �RECORDS Records are extreme ly valuable in that they serve as guideposts as to particip ation, achie vement, financia l status, as well as a number of other purpose s. They lend themselv es readily to interpre tation for future guidanc e, Like any report, camp re- cords are valuable only as they are used. During the 1950 season at Camp Tall Trees the followin g records were maintain ed. I. Health a. Health history (physici an) b. Confide ntial informa tion by parent c. Acciden t record II. III. Business a. Contrac ts -- food, personn el, parks b. Payroll c. Individu al accounts d. Financi al statemen ts e. Transpo rtation f. Food invento ries Personne l Records a. Camper applicat ions b. Counsel lor applicat ions c. Registr ation lists and enrollm ents a. Counsel lors' daily narrativ e e. Counsel lors' camper period report f •. OD and Days Off records g. Counsel lor rating scales a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Evening programs Daily program schedule Swimming records Canteen and craft records Indoor games and sports equipme nt records Library records Cookout records Overnig ht reports - 17 - �SWIMMING Safety: follows: The qualific ations of the guarding counsel lors were as two life guard instruct ors, two senior life guards, and five counsel lors who didn't necessa rily have train:ing or life saving experien ce. Each counsel lor was given a specific area of the pool to guard which best fitted his ability . The duties of the guarding counsel lor were to watch his assigned area, to enforce safety regulati ons of the pool, and to give individu al The duties of the instruct ors help and assistan ce where needed. were to set up safety regulati ons, supervis e guards, organize and instruct classes. The Buddy System was employed as a checking device. Each camper was assigned a partner and these partners swam together They were required to stay to- in the same area of the pool. gether througho ut the swim and at a whistle which blew at fifteen minute interval s, they ·were supposed to become quiet and raise their buddy's hand. This system proved to be the simples t and most effectiv e checking method. A ring buoy and a bamboo pole were on hand at the pool to use as safety devices . Classes: The first day of each period every camper was screened and placed in an instruct ion class (beginne rs, interme diates, swimmer s, life saving, and advanced swimmer s), During the first and second periods instruct ion was given during the general swims on the average of three times a week to each class. great portion of this time was devoted to the beginne rs. A There was some difficu lty in conducti ng classes for the more advanced swimmers due to overcrow dedness in deep water. - 18 - During the third �period the classes were taken separately for one-half hour every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday . Therefore each class had the same amount of instruction. At the end of every period Red Cross swimming tests were given to each class. a. b. c. d. e. f. 77 23 23 18 8 5 The overall results were as follows: tests were passed by 61 individuals beginners out of 50 passed their test intermediates out of 28 passed swimmers out of 22 passed Jr. Life Savers out of 10 passed advanced swimmers out of 5 passed Ev8ry person tn camp regardless of wh0ther or not he passed his test, made a dufinite advancement. Ev8luation: The swimming program this year was very gratifying . Evciry camper received at least a minimum amount of individual The testing was in strict compliance with Red cross inst~uction. standards. Two ... thirds of the camp passed tests. passed two tests. F'ifteen campers The system used for the third period was definitely superior than that used during the first two periods since the instructor could devote more time to teaching each class--particularly the more advanced swimmers . Of all the classes, the Jr. Life Saving class was the weakest. This was due to the lack of time available for instruction since the pool was sh3red with another agency. Recommendation: The greatest problem of the swimming setup is the inability to have full time use of the pool since it is shared with the YMCA camp. More general counsellors qualified to help in swimming instruction would prove invaluable. A three week camping period would facilitate instruction considerably . It is difficult to conduct a class in a two week period--especially for beginners. Separate instruction periods should be the class arrangement for next year. - 19 T" �SPORTS The physi cal g rowth of t he c amper is vital to t he c ampi ng program, and , as in ot he r a r eas, was developed wi th the pri ma ry purpose of maki ng a place for all - - in t erm s of va rious interests , stages of d evelopmEint, expe rienc e , and s kill, The physical we ll - being of the camper ·was a ma.;or conc e rn and a ccid e nt prevention and ove r ex e rtion of t he individua l was ca r efully watched . Efforts we re ma de by a ll counsello rs to have the campe r part i ci pate active ly in the physica l a ctiviti e s whe neve r possibl e. Howe ver , .no child was for ced to e nga ge in any a ctivity he d efini t e l y did no t choos e to parti ci pa te in . Competiti ve sp irit wa s guided a long such line s that trying who l ehea rt ed l y to win was more impo rt an t t han· the actu a l winning . Soci a l dev e lopme nt was empha si zed -- tr icke ry and uns portsma nlike condu ct were frown ed upon while e motiona l co n trol , r e spe ct for a nd fri e ndiinoss t owa rd opponents , irnividua l a nd group cooperatio n and r e spons ib il ity we r e looked upon with hig h r ega rd. The sports pa rti c ipa t e d in by the c ampers this past s eason were : arche ry, bndminton , bask etball , goa l hi, hor s esho e pitching ping pong, soft ball , socc e r, volleybal l, and swimming, Emphas is was on participa tion on a n informa l basis thou gh the r e wa s some organiz ed whol e some competitio n in softball, basketbal l, a s we l l as a swimming me ot. - 20 - �RELIGIOUS SERVICES We were fortunate in securing a rabbinical student from one of the schools who , in addition to his religious training, had the ability to relate to children and help them in planning and carrying out a religious program for camp at their level . At the beginning of the camping season an effort was made to organize the services for Sabbath into a pattern that was acceptable both to the Reform and Conservative~Orthodox group in camp. Because of its greater literary value, as well as its shortness, the Union Prayer Book service for both days was selecte( as the model . The Friday night service consisted of the following : a . An opening Readers I Prayer which set the tone for the entire service. b. A responsive reading from one of the psalms. c . The Bawrechu, with response by choir and congregation . d . The Maariv aarawvim in English. e. The Shema, said by both reader and choir and congregation. f . The V1 awhavtaw, said in English . g . The Micawmochaw read responsively by reRder, cholr and congregation. h. The shawmroo b'nai Yisroel said in English. i . A shortened English Amida. j. A rtsai B 1 mnoohawsaynoo in English . k. A readers' prayer before the silent prayer. ],. The silent prayer followed by "May the➔ words • .. 11 sung by choir and congregation. m. The sermon. n. 11 May the time not be distant ..• " followed by yom hahoo in English. o. Closing Hymn. p . Benediction, related to the sermon. The Saturday morning service, though shorter, maintained basically the same elements, with the exception of the Michawmocha The Torah service consisted of blessings before and after the Torah, the first few verses read in Hebrew, and the remainder in English, the blessings before and after the Haftorah, and a Haf- torah rela t0d to the Torah section. each of these. - 21 ... Snort explanations preceded �It will be noted that there was no change from the traditional service at the synagogue or temple of the camper, although, of course, the service was much shorter. The Adoration was elimi- nated as being a distinctively ~eform feature in the regular service. Tho basic reasons for maintaining a standard service wore as follows: a. b. c. d. The element of recall was greater, making it easier for the younger campers to follow the service. The service would help understanding of the service used at home, rather than a service that was a completely new experience. The readers' prayers added the special camp touch as did the sermon. Most so-called camp services examined were filled with hackneyed phrases, and since the service still had its basic outlines,the special camp references only made the s e rvice longer. A choir was organized to help carry out the service. Little emphasts was placed on singing ability, but a great emphasis was placed on eagerness to learn. Various types of recognition for the choir were given, including refreshments at the end of choir practice, grab-bag parties, and a prominent place in every service. No songs were taught outside of regular songs for the service because of the shortness of time. The choir, composed of boys and girls, averaged between seven and nine members, with usually more campers applying for choir than there were places for them. The individual readers were selected from each counsellor's group and rehearsed prior to the service. for them. The readers' prayers were written These prayers usually emphasized aspects of camp life such as cooperation, comradeship, devotion, etc. The sermon it- self followed a flexible pattern but generally tended to follow the following outlines: a. b. c. d. Introduction to a general theme Story illustrating the general theme Moral of the story Application of the moral to the camp situation - 22 - �The following conclusions can be arrived at from this year I s experience: a. b. c. d. The services were generally successful. The greatest ~ey to this was the fact that attendance at services was not considered a chore, and permission to participate in them was a coveted honor. The sermons that were most successful were those that emphasized the story and "soft pedaled" the moral. The suspense type of story was the most successful. The choir rehearsals were rather short; the reward aspect might be deemphasized next year. The brunt of a succussful service tended to rest on one person, Moro pa~ticipation in actual organization of tho service might bo more desirable, although unilateral direction is more of a coordinating factor. - 23 - �MOVIES Movies were shown weekly to the campers. The films were screened and obtained free of charge from the Louisville Public Library. The presentations usually lasted an hour. Special films were selected for counsellors from time to time. . The films chosen for the campers were based to meet the varied interests of boys and girls as well as accounting for the different age groups represented. They wer~ also selected on the basis of entertainment value and educational purpose. Counsellors and campers had a voice in the selertion of films shown. The pic- tures were well received and the campers seemed to enjoy them very much. A sampling of the films used were: Campers -rr"swimming for BeginnersH "Basketball Thrills of 1949 11 "Here Comes The Circus" "Let's All Sing Together" "Follow the Arrow" "News Parade of 1948 11 "We Do It Because" "America the Beautiful" "Story of Money" "Animals Growing Up 11 "The Zoo 11 11 0f These Our People 11 ( background of Jews from Colonial times to present and their contribution) 11 Kentuckie Rifle" "Football Parade of 1948 11 "Mother Goose Stories" "Sport Thrills of the Year" "Yankee Doodle Goes to Town 11 "Care of Pets" "Behind Your Radio Dial" Counsellors "School Time in Camp" "Feeling of Rejection" "Where Will You Hide" 11 Boundry Lines" "Marriage and Di vo re e" "Swimming for Beginners" - 24 - �LIBRARY The Camp Tall Trees library, located in the dining hall, was composed of eighty-six books. An assortment of fifty books for boys and girls aged eight to fifteen was prepared and loanerl to Camp by the Public Library in Louisville. the property of the YMHA. The remainder were A counsellor was in charge of the library which remained open for fifteen minutes every afternoon after lunch. During the first period more books were checked out than during the remaining two periods, out the first period. Fifty-two books were checked Several days of rain probably contributed to an unusual amount of reading at this time. period twenty-four books were checked out. During the second This drop might be attributed in large part to the fine weather during this period. The third period showed a total checkout of thirty-seven books. The library system employed at camp s semed very satisfactory. It was felt t~at the sampling of books was quite adequate, but that there should have been a greater selection for distribution. - 25 - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jewish Summer Camps, 1945-1968 Description An account of the resource Brochures, newspapers, reports, and textiles representing summer camps operated by the Young Men's Hebrew Association and the Jewish Community Center of Louisville. Digitization supported by the Jewish Heritage Fund.<br /><br /><img src="https://jewishheritagefund.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" alt="jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" width="306" height="58" /> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Jewish Community of Louisville museum collections and records, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1968 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. BD J59 Folder 0538 Item 004 Title A name given to the resource Report of Operations: YMHA Camp Tall Trees, 1950 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sagerman, David A. Young Men’s Hebrew Association (Louisville, Ky.) Description An account of the resource 29-page report on the 1950 season of Camp Tall Trees in Meade County, Kentucky. The Louisville Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA) operated the Jewish overnight summer camp. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century 1950s Subject The topic of the resource Meade County (Ky.) Brandenburg (Ky.) Kentucky--Brandenburg Kentucky--Meade County Camp Tall Trees Otter Creek Outdoor Recreation Area (Ky.) Jews Jewish children Jewish youth Jewish camps Camps Children Youth Sagerman, David A. Young Men’s Hebrew Association (Louisville, Ky.) Judaism--Customs and practices Judaism Jewish religious education Democracy Education Leisure Food service Swimming--Training Physical education and training Motion pictures Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource report administrative report Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mss. BD J59, Folder 538, Jewish Community of Louisville records, 1896-2022, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/3cf3612bf17139621d0c0f6f61659376.pdf?Expires=1787788800&Signature=jFiPw4oifYxxYjVGusoHKa8MHSUX7bDlxSLRHc3yNyK0oI2cgbs7qVslNBSd40ZAmNFtLN99zOMSSGymF2cX7rk3TuhDVqeSnftpfrhUBDZD0dzVtCuHOfFc47wdB99bMa9P4CJMbzPdA6AnDGxw896Qa0M7FAxKmw2ScS8OIYmxJuXn-t%7EOfJXu6LstCQNQC1-lzf9loAI6qkiZH1n-RwF0W2i6NQ5xFYji49DUfNtrJ3MCI-5A7BAyx1fNCDburjlhl58PjHe60DXwz--LCAsV3vCcx5DhSApwJeoqma2F7sJzZsXR4vL5c44KG4rLqmKlbE504Tqk0XNLTIPM2w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 96d2a50f799ccea960145bd34839e8f5 PDF Text Text Re port of the Nursery School - February, 1941 The purposes of too Nursery School, as operated at the Jewish Children's Home , 1135 South 1st Street, by the Joint Connnittee of the Council of Jewish omen, and the Jewish Welfare Federation, are based on the latest developments in the knowledge of children, and their needs . It bas been said that the foundation of personality is already firmly established by the time tba child reaches primary school age . Assuming this to be only partially true, the importance , of providing suitable opportunities for personal growth for children under the age of 6 is obvious . Public School systems thru Kinder- gartens accept children from the age of 5 and some few have lowered this to include children of 4 because of falling enrollments . However, generally speaking, the public schools have not yet acc~pted the obligation of providing adequately supervised learning opportunities for children 2½ to 5 years of age . As in the case of tbe development of public schools for older children, the values to be derived probably will have to be demons t rated by private schools for a considerable time . The modern nursery school is a combination nursery and school as tbs name implies. It offers the child the good physical care of the good old-style day nursery, plus the opportunities for learning , social adjustment, creative experience, and personality gro~~h. Play is the child ' s work . It is thru supervised play that the child is helped to establish basic habits of work, friendliness , order, etc; that is, is helped to develop his own abilities in relation to other people . The teacher of this type of school must ba.ve special skills . Increasing tre confidence of the child in his own ability and at the same time developing the ability to cooperate constructively with other children is no easy task. The teacher helps the de - velopment of routine habits such as washi ng , eating, sleeping , �- 2 - toilet habits which should be performed with a minimum of attention . Conventional habits of courtesy are taken as a matter of course, and soon are adopted by the children who learn more by example than by being told what to do. uentering attention on The teacher uses her knowledge of children, worthwhile behavior, ignoring negative be- havior, using authority only when necessary in cases of anti-social behavior, disturbing the group or other children, or when children are in danger and above all remaining ca lm and collected under all situations no matter how trying they might be (for that is how the child learns that calnmess is more effective than anger . ) At the risk of boring you, this brief background of nursery school principles has been recited in order to emphasize that the most important function of too nursery school is what it does for the child as well as the release of the mother for other activities such as work, social opportunities, and physical betterment . Some parents cannot afford tm tuition of expensive private nursery schools and do not want to use second-rate cheaper schools operated on nonprogressive and non-constructive lines. Of course, many, if not most, parents still set public school entrance age as the time to send children to school. Because of this parents themselves are reluctant to use exi sting facilities for younger children, particularly if it means inconvenience in terms of taking the child to school and bringing him home . We have found that in the instances where the child most needed the experience provided at the school, the parents were least aware of this need, and in some cases antagonistic to the idea. parents is an important part of the work of slow process . Education of the the school. This is a Mother's meetings now being held regularly is one step in thi s direction; another consists of individual conferences with mothers and fathers . Actual demonstration of the school is the most successful means of teaching what it accomplishes with �- 3 childre n. All are encour aged to visit and see it in operat ion . As sone of you know, tm school was started as a result of an initia l letter sent to the Jewish Welfare Federa tion by the fore sighted and connnun ity- niinded Americ anizati on Commi ttee of the Louisv ille Sectio n of the Nation al Counci l of Jewish ~,omen , Chair.:A -- man , Mrs . Selma Kling , and Vice-C hairma n, Mrs . Kather ine Bottig he i mer . This letter reads in part, 0 I t has been brough t to the attenti on of the Americ anizati on commit tee ••• that a distin ct need bas arisen for a nurser y school to serve section s of the city ' s popula tion in which the Counci l has a natura l intere st . school would serve : This 1 . Pre-sch ool childre n living in the South- Centra l part of the c ty to whom other nurser y schools are not availab le . 2. Childr en whom social worker s have recommended and who are not being cared for by any other nurser y school . 3 . Immigr ant childre n of pre - school age who will use the school in learnin g Englis h and genera l orient ation. • • • • There is availab le a trained nurser y school teache r whom the Counci l is willing to sponso r in the establ sbment of the above describ ed school if the Jewish Welfar e Federa tion sees fit to accede to the f ollowin g reques t : That the Counci l of Jewish Women be permit ted to use the facilit ies of the playroo m, small dining room, lavato ry and outdoo r playgro und with equipm ent of the Jev1ish Childr en's Home . The 8ounci l expect s to meet any additio nal expens e incurre d in the prepar ation of lunche s for tm childre n plus a per capita sum to the Home to cover the cost of food • • • • • The locatio n of the HonB and the facili ties afford ed are so ideal and invest igation has r evealed an urgent and increa sing need in this community for this type of service . We believe that vrith your co- �- 4 operation a l"eal service can be rende l:'ed the connnunity • •• " This letter is truly worthy of the fine tl"adition s of social service developed by the Louisvill e Section r£ tbe National Council of Jewish Women . The willingne ss to pioneer in a com- paratively new field cannot be praised too highly. Continued negotiatio ns between the Council and Federatio n led to establishm ent of a Joint Committee to operate the Nursery School with the agreement that the Federatio n would provide tbe space and general facilities arrl the Council would meet any expenses in excess of the tuition fees. The initial nursery school equipment was to be furnished by the Council . On February 5 , 1940, the Nursery School was opened with brave hopes for the future . really too soon to tell . tremendou sly. Hgve these hopes become realities? It is We know we have helped individua l children In our opinion, this makes the school worthwhil e . We know we ba.ve helped some mothers to undel:'stan d better the needs of their children . Working mothers have been relieved of worry about theil" children' s care . We have helped children shy and uncertain when they entered school to become confident and self-asse rtive . We have helped children to learn to get along with other children, to engage in cooperativ e undertaki ngs, to eat properly, to dress themselve s, to use their abilities in c r eative experienc e in painting, clay modeling, block buil ing, music and rhythm, to speak English. The school is open from 9 to 2 :30 daily from Monday thru Friday. The children play and work indoors and outdoors , rest , have fruit juice an:l cod liver oi l , listen to music and rhythms, tell stories , have discussion s , eat lunch arrl have a two hour nap, milk and crackers and dress themselve s to go home . is followed carefully . Each child's developme nt Children have and use their own clothes cupboard am shelf for pe:rsonal belonging s such as cup and comb. �A tuition fee of $1 . 75 per week was charged the first semester from February to June. There was no school during the SUil1Iller . Since September 9, when too 2nd semester started, a tuition fee of $2 . 00 per week ms been charged. Originally it was thought tba.t a maximum at- tendance of 10 children daily was all that could be accommodated . After the schoo+ had been in existence several months, the Connnittee then decided that tbs attendance should be enlarged to 15, for with adequate space ar.d facilities it seemed that more children should be given the opportunity to benefit from this training . maximum attendance ms not been attained . As yet this we believe that the school is still in a period of development and tbat success with thEfhildren we have will bring new enrollments . in a few instances. This has already been demonstrated Tentative applications have been made for several children when they reach the Nursery School age. transportatio n is a difficult one . The problem of Children in other neighborhood s would come if transportatio n could be arranged. The committee is still working for a solution of this problem. From February to June 1940, there was an enrollment of 18 different children who c ame for varying lengths of time. From September thl'u December, 16 different children were enrolled. The major reasons for the enrollment in the spring semester were as follows {some children are listed under two reasons) Social and personality adjustment - 12 {This means the parents wanted the children to learn personal habits, play with other children, etc.) Poor neighborhood and playmates - 2 Speak English - 3 Working mother - 8 Health problem - 3 In the fall semester these were as follows: Social and personality adjustment - 7 �- 6 - Poor neighborhood and playmates - 2 Working mother - 6 Health problem - 2 Children who left school, did so for the following reasons: Entering 1st grade public school - 1 Entering kindergarten - 4 Lack of transportation - 3 Temporary enrollment due to illness of parents - 2 Each instance in which we have helped children is. a separate story. A few will serve to illustrate : J . entered school at the age of 4 in February, 1940 . Her mother, who has been very cooperative in carrying out plans for J . helped in the family store . The neighborhood in which the family lived was chiefly colored. When J . first came to school, she was shy and had a strong feeling of insecurity. She had trouble dressing herself , refused to talk with people she did not know well, was a feeding and sleeping problem at home . She now has lost most of her shyness, eats well , sleeps better and takes care of herself completely. She is much more sure of herself and is ready to start in kindergarten. This case is typical of several others, shy, uncertain, ill-at-ease , with feelings of inferiority who have been helped considerably at school . A scholarship case is R. who entered school for a short tim in May and then returned this fall . standards. R. is 3½- years old , from a home of poor He had no playmates and no possibility for outdoor play when first admitted. Since then the family have moved to better quarters . R. is a very nervous overactive child , very rough in his behavior. At home he has no restrictions and practically all the timeo gets his own way His mother is lazy and does not want to be bothered carrying out any plans for him. Until transportation thru a friend was arranged, she did not bothar to send him even tho be was very anxious to go and she was anxious to have him go . R. needed to �- 7 learn how to get along with other children , presenting numerous pro- blems of social adjustment and cooperation. ·jumping from one thing to anothel:'. He was very flighty , He is now much quieter and able to stick to one thing for a longer period of time . He still needs close supervision as he easily hurts himself and others. without help at this time, he would present a serious problem by the time he got to public school. Several of the children present this type of problem. Their best help can come at this early age . The cases of most interest to the Council are, of course, those of the refugee children attending the school . c. a 4 year old boy attended school in February as a scholarship case shortly after his arrival in this country. leader and well adjusted child . and American ways . He was a natural He needed help in learning English He learned in an amazingly quick period of time and now attends kindergarten where he is doing extremely well . K. is a 3 year old scholarship girl who entered school in February, 1940. She was a baby in every respect when she started school baving been accepted at too earliest admiss~on age. She would not eat un- less fed by someone, she could not dress herself, she spoke no English and practically none was spoken at home . Now she She was shy and timid . takes care of herself completely , feeds herself , dresses her- self, speaks English, ms a mind of her own, assumes responsibilities , and can be considered a normal happy 3 year old . M. is now a 4 year old child who entered school in February, 1940. She was otll' most serious !ll'Oblem at the time of her admission. She and her family have been thru some rather terrifying experiences and the effects on her were particularly marked. frightened , insecur e and unsure of herself . to doing anything by or for herself . She was extremely She was not accustomed She refused to talk ( even in German) am would lie on the floor or stand in the co:rner for an �- 8 - entire morning . She was afraid of other children . slightest protest she would pennit other children away f !'om her . 7fithout the to take things If another child so much as looked in her direction , she ro uld s brink and hide in a co rner . plays by herself a good deal . Now she is still quiet and However, she plays with other children occasiona lly, arrl enjoys it . She builds very well and likes to tell tbe other children what s he has built (which is part of the school program); sbe tolls stories at story time, telling about her summer vacation, things at home , and sometimes mentions the country f r om which she came . She speaks English well . would consider her a good pup i l who gets along well . We we believe the scbool has saved her from many serious personali ty difficult ies . These cases are enough to illustrate the work of the school and its beneficia l effects . In addition, the teacher at the . School is a German refugee who obtained kindergar ten training in Germany and additiona l nursery school training in this country. We feel that the provision of employmen t for b.Gr tbru the establishm ent of the Nursery school is in line with the aims of the Council in relation to work with New Americans . This fine work of t he school bas cost the Council to January 1st, 1941 as f ollows: $107 . 00 approxima tely for capital outlay to get the school started . This includes all major equipment not at the Home orig inally, and will not have to be replaced . lf, ;{$ 63 . 55 scholarsh ips February to June scholarsh ips September to .J~l:la-r., ~ ,....,,~-·~" Scholarsh ips i 54-.41 0 4~ •.9& Operating deficit of school to ~fiQ~-...a. ir ~ ... / · , A~.;5$~ Total cost to Council of school to J_anu,ap 1st in excess ·1 of original capital outlay. C) _ .-00. I l}t,S~ ~ . - - A present the operating expenses of the school are per week : Salary of teacher •••••••••• ••••••••o $12. 50 N.Y.A. girl carfare ••••••••• •••••••• 1. 00 (approxim ately) �- 9 - Food@ 10¢ a meal ••••••••••••• ••••••• $ 6 . 00 (approximate ly) Incidentals •••••• ••• ••••••••••••• •••• . 50 $2o.W These figures would vary according to the number of children at tend ing school and obtaining meals . 20 Figuring approximatel y two wee k semesters, the budget for the school for this period would be apprad.mately $800.00. We are asking the Council for a definite allocation of $100. 00 for each of these two semesters which will total $ 200 . 00 to carry the Nursery School to February , 1942 . remainder will be provided by the tuition at the School. The The money allocated by the Council will be used to provide scholarships for children who other-wise could not attend the school . Preference for scholarships , as in the past , will be given to refugee children. Report submitted by JffiINm COMMITTEE OF THE COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN AND TI-IE J EW I SH WELFARE FEDERATION t Mrs . M1~ . VMrs • Mrs . Mrs . _ Mrs . l Mrs . 1 Mr . Edgar Bottigheimer lbl' w David Johan \ L. W. Cole ,~~~ ·' J Arthur Kling \ S. H. Starr Hugo '.i1aust1ne David Traub Alexo.nder w. Er Mr s . Herman Handmaker, Ex Officia l ( Mr . Victor Burger, Ex Officio) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust and the Ohio Valley, 1920, 1933-1990s Description An account of the resource This collection consists of documents and photographs related to Jewish experiences in the Holocaust and World War II, Jewish American efforts to support refugees, and historical memory of the Holocaust in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. This digitization project is in partnership with the Louisville Ballet's <em><a href="https://www.louisvilleballet.org/a-time-remembered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Time Remembered</a> </em>performance, which marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. <div><br />Holocaust-era family documents center on the Wolff, Levy, and Ackermann families who escaped to the United States from France and Austria, and ultimately settled in Louisville. Passports provide photographs of the family members and track their movements through countries. Letters document their efforts to navigate the administrative barriers to passage, and the tragic fate of relatives who were not approved to leave.<br /><br />Records from the National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section document the organization's activist work in fundraising for and directly serving refugees in the city, and political organizing around national immigration policies and economic boycotts of German-made goods. The collection includes sample correspondence from national organizations and individuals who supported and were against Zionism in response to the violent antisemitism of the Holocaust. <br /><br />The final items in the collection document Holocaust memorial events in the 1990s. Invitations, photographs, scripts, press releases, and articles represent the memorialization work of the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Community Federation of Louisville, <span>Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, and other  organizations.</span></div> <br />This project was generously supported by the Jewish Heritage Fund.<br /><br /><a href="https://jewishheritagefund.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://jewishheritagefund.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" alt="jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" width="306" height="58" /></a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920, 1933-1990s Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. BJ N277a Folder 015 1941-02 Title A name given to the resource Report of the Nursery School, February 1941 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joint Committee of the Council of Jewish Women and the Jewish Welfare Federation (Louisville, Ky.) National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Jewish Welfare Federation (Louisville, Ky.) Description An account of the resource 9-page, typed report on the Nursery School operated by the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW), Louisville Section and the Jewish Welfare Federation of Louisville, Kentucky. The document begins with the need for, purpose, and principles of the "combination nursery and school" for "children 2 1/2 to 5 years of age." It outlines how Selma Kling and Katherine Bottigheimer of the NCJW Americanization Committee spearheaded the creation of the school in part to serve "Immigrant children of pre-school age who will use the school in learning English and general orientation." The school opened on February 5, 1940. The report profiles the initial behavior and improvements of some of the students, including three refugee children. The document notes that "the teacher at the School is a German refugee who obtained kindergarten training in Germany and additional nursery school training in this country. We feel that the provision of employment for her thru the establishment of the Nursery School is in line with the aims of the Council in relation to work with New Americans." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-02 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century 1940s Subject The topic of the resource National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Jewish Welfare Federation (Louisville, Ky.) Jews Jewish women Women Kentucky--Louisville Kentucky--Jefferson County Louisville (Ky.) Children Education Immigrants Emigration and immigration Jewish refugees Refugees Schools World War, 1939-1945 Germans Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource report Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mss. BJ N277a, Folder 015, National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Records, 1906-2020, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. for other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://Filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/5dab776ec2df87d23cab67342dd5866f.jpg?Expires=1787788800&Signature=T1TyYEOb4pMlf76XIWvuTP0Z8Pzc5OIrvFudvRoq5BOXhaXbTdRBET1LcZLGl1WBdML%7EJGcb4zueSUhhA5-bb8t3HMTLZb0CeA8QvvbnCmyyFg2OtF-ekuxZPfTfJFKiMi2NR1oY3lB02X0wF3QIqZSdUZZueTOvpJWfzPtQcSDao9CSihdsgy0Rm60LrUDOD9E3V8Vf4DTnidlBQO0CpX%7EdVVfZRqkh1wZrE6e1wgdZ9njYMlp99-GlaDvSQoR4DN5jrqgiypWhx9XACMKDO5%7ELn-j2B9nRSTl-uTkOpSHM4RRDe3hqM%7EtSf1i04HSS0TORvBsmUv-I%7EjB8BMqWwA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b451059d0719f69e68899e2bf6327813 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The American Preceptor, 1805 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bingham, Caleb Subject The topic of the resource Readers--1800-1870 Kentucky--Imprints--19th century Education Schools Description An account of the resource Title page of The American Preceptor, A selection of lessons for reading and speaking, designed for the use of schools. Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=NVMSAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA4&amp;hl=en" target="_blank" title="The American Preceptor" rel="noreferrer noopener">The American Preceptor.</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1805 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Lexington: Joseph Charless Relation A related resource bbf0032 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB 428.6 B613 1805 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RB 428.6 B613 1805, Rare Book Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource book Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thomas Woodson arithmetic workbook, 1789 Subject The topic of the resource Education Arithmetic Description An account of the resource Handwritten and home-made arithmatic workbook of Thomas Woodson. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Woodson, Thomas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rogers-Woodson Family papers, 1789-1890, Filson Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1789 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. A R724 f5 Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1780s arithmatic book Education school