2 20 405 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/e277306fb77e60a0d1e7f277209e8945.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=CTFalkiUpARHq-vU2pU9tlYxVM0BFGmJxCg0xxQCnDjU9ZL7AePSvYEfQj5d0LRUyuVjocdhNSdZbSFwEhvXbpasA5VlmbgaTIAg-L%7EPjOKKtimswo97aYGfms-nxryNMrbklBoNGFpJbNJNNYkSC2kfExx8hNxGh5ZuWSzmagtp7VSrl23aRMn7i3WUCTBuJzcJL1NreuR1WSP5wbBMdzm5295MSLjtjh0f01EXmcjNhFzfMiwnykme2TrzBmkB07pHe3JmMGsvfcshJ2Q6J-M8Eu9CEFSXNKmToRyhcQ2WnmiJJYdyXjQiqUzWbcybImHbo2-hWk-I8ozefIMQkQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6f1ac1599054ac3849d808abcfa333b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/outdoor2-jameskeen1950stheaterproduction.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.1682 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.1682, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Audience and production at Melcome Estate Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keen, James Description An account of the resource Production watched by an audience in Melcombe estate amphitheater, Glenview, Kentucky. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1950s Subject The topic of the resource Kentucky--Jefferson County Glenview (Ky.) Melcombe (Glenview, Ky.) Theater Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/07cf9ba96edafb4706c7df28dbb666c1.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=cV8PAfRP8LfivzbmgWWRaH6wtfAzGuFIMejIUwPFHaHeEYk9KdIyE1o3PAZsG5DcBQqCtixmfEgOIB5z1WiUk-GnSgFPxrxRNK4bqJvUDnW0Pxc8dZmAJ6UOkjRt31KICIWm%7Erp7MzBdvxqkUxu2tD5mOjnnSq2hT2o%7EPxO73-161ZnJukwjH8uCUpZWN56UalfYy-lMLhA5efXtJOcicFP5c1dgLKZ1H2eUVwJLAnrlPF6DcQ9x9wg9Ft-sm-v-22P9LlR5%7Euwm86FhSg-CY5JYGMaYMiIL-mGNZPzxzzGZVMqQIb-B7q5xoasHDH9iOE0%7E8ZCZoxJkG6rUgOt6xw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 97c17c744d6e410a624d52b8adee2323 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/ec00f23cbd094539e539fd43fed89691.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=a-cLFtMRDQuu4pUovwYMGbH0sYsuV5uFQiwfOafvDQ4D-4YwFB2Ri7qo-QgOw0gUiE8wHEn1wzu-WDBdY10fCQF547MLM0lLU-xupbhIbe%7EaUTqQtgKhfYpor%7Ely41FvWmT9sUEjcTYWNRMIfAUI19ZSBDsTgQz6MQY099rtsZS5kW0ifDluOv7c7T9OGr0vB1b7%7E3bb7oKrdRG6LKnYeoPDZPHk-Yk81FiZrOf-XJ%7EApK5hsHZczIefHAYkoPWF6LmvK9sfT4CvdpDZ8KuXrsYHBl8ge5TFanU-mAUUDIiNbGptjIVaY89HNoenwOfIZE0mdg2cJrUW%7EGak6PSHVg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0d6e8e443b3aa511b6061d800f9bf839 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/05_02_0307_ebmmcbaward_a.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.1189 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.1189, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Eleanor Bingham Miller and Mary Bingham Description An account of the resource Photograph of Eleanor Bingham Miller with her arm around her mother, Mary Bingham, at an awards dinner in Louisville, Kentucky. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1985 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Mary Caperton, 1904-1995 Miller, Eleanor Bingham Kentucky--Jefferson County Louisville (Ky.) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource color photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/42b2d41436a47d79f7a242d2557e595f.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=P39rPf4yTXFjjbbxg3L1QEknXQRg64RgxQeX3MKEH%7EsKDlq4IXBGCktE5Yvlv9mEbQ5PDOmaVGcuVDPbf44y6IKESC4P1s6pNGoAyBOgEfo6GCmbXK9Nxw2nUVpq8kKEHcMsWyNt7YpQLWTPBj44Xwkyw9urWIJAAKMvGj-kINRqVFWAH8FeZPThx3lEXu7J-QfaABikZJMg5684Zf9HybDlo-m9DTMBl1QwEwQDlxkN9RDTPbWCWZbksf4gSZ5Q0rvTUC5mCaERdHFFa0MyevD-hFAhQ4TAiF7AEfQTQ2G2G4NnAiu1bSG-Fwc97oKZADp6%7E9xSxooAo7sZ%7Ejn%7Enw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 10e31bd4c79dbffed3638883c11d5c2c https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/7e261127bdc5500f24b7133338d352b3.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=QXrXWa6IhrrKjWc7yyEalxLmiTP%7EEWkxpyV99zYym7Wvijh7sxcp0Xalv8%7E%7EnAj1EAe0cSgyPquyNXupuzvU-jHHkM4sh7ySkwp6MZKIqeM68m7GYCi09YDHYBEOfL4KhIEn7ByWqQi-axKJWo%7EyiK67kszDaHbtCxRsZRN2ldvCLM7I-hHBRRmgtUWlALjI3vNrIUaJzpIOwSYrv6oI9pP-OYO-xuvivwteAM1aBExnEeyYT2gROok3nPl%7E11lRJEEhtTgTfHHpz3xe5TPWrSic7Lb5b3cLJc6YCLLN2LKyvaTMx74muHLVRslppCAM6tiXZ%7E2nOlkhDFqtR1rLaw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 90c0f441bc9bee69a16faa321d3ea8c4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/05_02_0315_mcbebmparis_a.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.1196 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.1196, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Mary Bingham and Eleanor Bingham Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. R. Farbman (Life Magazine, Paris) Description An account of the resource Photograph of Mary Bingham in evening dress and sitting with Eleanor Miller in a chair in Paris, France. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1950 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Mary Caperton, 1904-1995 Miller, Eleanor Bingham France--Paris Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1940s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/3fa2c47059f97e5154ddadf787c52e84.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=uo2H5OEJhW0hIw15BhhbH%7ENYJspua-acydTXvT80Q1Whsjw52Y9XYj0H28M2iUMC0tOhgXA8eorr8FBHH5htIRjPUFbDkbNR2CmFv2Jxp8wA9TaOkHuwNwG1i2A-aywsfd6SAE7soufnmuzi4RiCUpJVUjkCqjrzYXf0flfQI8i2y%7E6Rg5qX%7E42zfpYefNHcXNZA09mBWoYnBldY2zhQl-V1art0NqqQPTIiNwJDdGZp015kosUy5KdZdkuiWXWKvrutVtWkW-O3V14aeykQs63ecVI3TKYncSYJOLYlhbu9Vn1OkyTDi8kKRB9Fj5-KLE5HMEdN5o7m5rSXJ99v4g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 415f75247015c0de1c374e8a1d3ae212 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/08_02_0480_jonathanscouting.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.1178 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.1178, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Jonathan Bingham in scouting uniform Description An account of the resource Photograph of Jonathan Bingham standing with a smile in his Boy Scouts uniform outdoors. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1950 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Jonathan Worth, 1942-1964 Boy Scouts Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1940s 1950s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/7ad5d4aa00755cb82c7ed4f6cf167a6d.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=hDORcLrt%7EP9rYeecb71zKW-u%7EAIayBrgKmLiPhygTcNuM274rdnXzsHsG07%7EtivVhNt4qVCzhr4dIXt4-v4xyzI2k%7EKEO5b3EQ1jPepSPPYDkPoHM3c%7EYdrisbDCfUQOt%7EYkAOHAWmX3Q8zn45Tks3AWzEx20n03LFnWOiHKOO4mECuqxhZlYnop3gusQV5pYZRaRnk3d-uaExJq%7Evw5MvxNz9isFXSNfHo859%7EIFKVPqWvyaAZTG-qVZVQdHSrAYE-lEokggUpwnU8HdE95ARftl32jc6FKuCoUQvw18tA63znhULxSN-VLPFiiigwru5ju2ZsZanxmYVVxR10bpQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 778b23d44b38502a2df42de123687432 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/08_04_0559_jbmcbbbsrchristening.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.1220 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.1220, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Mary Bingham holding Jonathan Bingham with Barry Bingham Sr. Description An account of the resource Photograph of Mary Bingham (1904-1995) holding her son Jonathan Bingham (1942-1964) in his christening gown, with Barry Bingham Sr. (1906-1988) in uniform. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1942 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Mary Caperton, 1904-1995 Bingham, Jonathan Worth, 1942-1964 Bingham, Barry, 1906-1988 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1940s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/2e014397541ce744f3492f0c8abca37c.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=chSbM8J5ef0e7oQuUE2qvYS1euBOMuisIGoFGGh0CYTEbwLPVw071bQOVNxufpdz1T55sKHojX18G1ItIcui-4NgMhHti6-N%7E6wg-uKB86ZAMeHsxa9CD6VeuS9JUqiL46O2%7EtDY%7EBlxpQVc6BHbcFsGMH1CLwYJYiNV9WzLcoAwkFOq%7EROQ9tqh%7EN73SZgBLMGZECjbvnFx0DDYlpQFpUcd6eia2BsWOiCRHU4VjZiBsaPKTpVF3yd-KR5o6vvWcg%7EbU7tGa8SWb94cT8FfaSYDST5HCKwEQDY-HNeqvdyuV51oScy8tETTt%7ERu1TG2EGe8FQh5TFzQZ4-Fogf35g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9a16a66821b337668b2f35f676c59a30 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/b0d288db61e1f3eb269c81172fa99881.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=ZRy1GT-bNxNekZHuzE3eETDhNxXE7514Bj8mimjc3tYi9aS2MSjToJq9lkgEqUcjChO0ZUg%7EtBtt3cIA4IFk7PR3u-XTDmOJ7zv9MB-IKjxc9I0hZKmAOvKyRKeZZ42Pcn63EL8YCzmJLfHgqc0c3VA-TY1VAmLaGZL1RdD5hFYBc6pg557CyQrVlNGTL9djI6E7jgLdE6rYaxAQM6DvmNUd%7EA%7ENCll0fxWXm98VbcxAeTqCJmWwMIXR9yaarHdnXLVEh4dn1JuPdvXpW661GZ6RxJsutotNigQFwF58AJ1yAkwWhG-hnPw3rm23ri7W6WYxI-kKvTnFVh88XzT4nw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 76cc0105dbd18a9cd2ec98f914b41ff2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/melcombeoutdoortheasallietitania_a.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.1684 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.1684, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Sallie Bingham dressed for stage play Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caufield, Lin Description An account of the resource Sallie Bingham hugs a column, dressed as Titania in Shakespeare play staged at Bingham amphitheater. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948-06-12 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Sallie Titania (Fictitious character : Shakespeare) Theater Kentucky--Jefferson County Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1940s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/a94d0959c3ac62b8652f6aef3852b6e2.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=nqZcHibdAZeFFLjBwdreKonYDLlEdDDE8Q7zYk7P89wYhS9xlg-3VvWIRLJOFO%7ERYzTJ-qEYbxGy4OFkIY2CBvOr1GzsVtulS-tCEupi8--8DD5oP7leRWnFZkZ8kA3cqHhDmfXY59hEdK1KkMwN-lvWLEcb6j-speRfoJ3y32Jh%7EISTLuAJ%7EKDvteFZ7qslH3IahWHY-XpG6FQabDfRaQ68cjtjWUdY1yqkO5y-C1m-hb0XKSpMv11emWCgkL%7EWNd09Vc8PCYNdeVa%7EYRPKjIAc2gKDq6JwuTJtAGqpVm3QWZKEN9eh-ljD6h2zGTc8i5daf8vBX1gU5lCYvKvOMw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0331e9a468848ba97fd5700f35cdf069 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/e7d6d688b3aa09532c1a022b75990e1c.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=k0S5K%7Emb8P2ebsJEcstF3-UZYAuFGzFX6NSv9R%7E7rVfM7D%7ETR599TnHGMkLH-9rQS9gQ2seQFy-jF%7EbOVBj3VCNNKnktV0wVs3B361MRDSINJ%7EKJOdX3kk8Weau5emmq1sGA9lWHl03GmcOPJssGr37rFmww%7EbJDPAjIeR8LfEe6UuuDsSsCVC8PT1Wx642uc4GBA8j%7EegN-FKVQWknIWfXK0K7cCjj1rOHTfb0s%7EyOWXFxFm0Z%7E6agpeX5C6XNRX0bHg-9FVqW6aZYA8DCO6z0Pb7gfgs2yAdNhxa3qkabHTLRqKgR5QjjqKkTbJVrmswIJO8AWuMB80MM75wpzeg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e24120562a183632f45e95392d6d0c20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/09_03_0687_bbjrsbwb1940_a.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.1264 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.1264, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Barry Bingham Jr., Sallie Bingham and Robert Worth Bingham III Description An account of the resource Barry Jr., Sallie, and Robert Worth Bingham III at the Nautilus Hotel in Miami Beach, Florida. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1940 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, George Barry, 1933-2006 Bingham, Robert Worth, 1932-1966 Florida--Miami Beach Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1940s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/8460c6df29fb623793f2e0108720dff2.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=bWAL8ftO96q%7E5U0U6jGeeRL5JA0AYHE76eD1i98LOQ0dQ466oN54H8dTxTqfk4AoSJoEl-eoMKchSE88Pq-Ju3MGcHwAmgIzLjppzkvZBf84zYw8HH1c7JJdiP3zMV38Da-pPT38RU5ahOMtu9Nfa6lC7sbXgYzFNTtUmlOqAMojgBM1w3RX8GCI5X5oLtFTYDPcDprgS6pYkP7msTpDMb3RDuy1DDXeszBjfdYa9T3CJFe1E1H5lvuSzRBxcNae24L5rGlZFbubZOUPtNyX18TRMD0STjYIKQt2F0-TGo7FEQ-1l8yRbN50HGVj5RdXjulTIZklQlG-6Q0WpVHh0A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e49cedb539d621cd0d79ead788e821b6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/worthportraitapdeathannounce.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.0889 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.0889, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Robert Worth Bingham III Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Associate Press Description An account of the resource Associated Press announcement of the death of Robert Worth Bingham III following a car accident. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-07 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Robert Worth, 1932-1966 Obituaries Death Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/425c1eb814922db225e9afeb7f318842.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=iit8vI1WY751ZIqopFGy2dhFXM59VDTfwBfkBThxrXMiCrcfxmS3i0NwzFXVFfjmXUmQZv1rXKWpBzWfM0LAW5rrOrBqA0DZzUAmFDVRRC61BDJ6IkE2ohY8xckxFd6NeG1Hwy7kEE4nM9rx8HAFRtmI%7EkN6-MSEwHFq2pr1wFgFrH0ZsuwsYP%7E7KfCsbBAYK4p90N7v1PJ5k0l18Qq5-acwEXkVpIKFEPS4mXk5Pt2QUyQVTBdFESP4rGwHiSdqlLq-rfUpDK83ZQH6fHvh2vneSmIEQw3Blz2idB5OhR%7E53YU%7EDg-Tjq89sXtofpRX47eu-7HXQ8qnhFdNvV-bfQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6ddaae552015701cc5d44036fb8b7210 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/8040522abba9be3c6d89dbe6455db76e.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=vYjB%7Enyyw2L0ukrHxmQJ-DlwsEuxzmh2SHEUdzXfLqmYTm74isy5cIuIoJJAgXZsJU6KzfV%7Eys8dbG9%7EGNK1Xr3pyaf7%7EhNWFjaXxawlgFCvq%7Ehadm3gLf4qiCiED%7EOyvnatLbvvuOyRxF9P0hWoPj10IMPdXJFSC453LZtqcvzkcqueHPw9g%7EiwBHs5u7jsF4wL5mjtKK5yj-ir8VxTqvnLrItP-ahdoBCAEHJoHk6JShmqn%7EzJmI8VATCXCiq7swT0kxbUnQLhuN1RNhiqRVdL9Mu%7EGpgR3fj3YPR6X4sUbpn5FYsC2ov6D%7E7O3-LQodCxs1D1czI%7E-n0BEL2B5g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1b7d68d49e1bef09acb5e2c18be0f112 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/10_01_0707_worthatcapitol_a.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.0857 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.0857, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Robert Worth Bingham III, at the U.S. capitol Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Courier-Journal and Louisville Times Description An account of the resource Photograph of Robert Worth Bingham III standing at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Robert Worth, 1932-1966 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/4cdc3fb58d68401608889cd02bf2e9f9.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=f%7EZ9pEe2T1vy7RYJpYqOI9A3rPwhcdEdsOMETcZePfaZt0tYn4rTfsZG-xB6LjsNgSJFKX4ObdLtBW42YMp6WbW4N85yH4hDAzWv3NHESnmO6TlRwW1R2DkmZSvaDlcAmvJCOTrZl6kr6LBajuhvKlwSTYOELWXU1oH%7ESWvwmTzrc-k2Rts9pJF6Lk-oRrM8m03u9VqqjDmhEaT6Bj-icQNdd4FVl6uiEdUNVuy3iwkEAh1cV0vgUClQOzRC30R5sf67Ek91qtG9zfJ87hOapyKqlhBSdVC9X3oHAhNvlPj61-ZBMmeT9ejRA2dvqmpkBsBVCu-003GMDRd8pmPFGw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c4b9716a6a3b000954dfed08ec6238e6 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/17eb13a4a16cffbdd5889c7d0acae2d3.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Vkki4RWfsbsyVG%7EkYk23ozkv1UR2%7EPUZ5DYZBP53yGcvjZBVWoNjexIeDNJYdwEvTNRCHz1qvufQlTo4ExC4N5vaV%7EI0TFrniu6xzXmRL5bUMF1qydJAXnLhKTlbmBAaQ8rN-0r70W-VktahGFFme7r51-18M1KgrGbaTUOvvN4hNKRIhMFSsZSCfaTKV5kKKCsBOYRRnUUEyx1%7E0foWglTzWNBN7nNaad37V8q0UNaAfUHZJUtVf5JtAqXBuAM4%7ESYj9kpbSqPl7A6YMEh6Ui57sjJ-uZR1Ilo58IICs6tVUJYoWiJA7XdOTpoO8%7E4UoUavgn2jnHGMV6GpR6ThXw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 38b9ab21ed3cc820a032917629c70a1c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/02_01_0049_mcbbbsrwilding1934_a.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.0876 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.0876, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Barry Sr. and Mary Bingham portrait photograph Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilding, Dorothy Description An account of the resource Barry Bingham Sr. seated, and holding hands with Mary C. Bingham in London. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource summer 1934 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Barry, 1906-1988 Bingham, Mary Caperton, 1904-1995 England--London Couples Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1930s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/8b41703fda0fabd932bee7190d0c9796.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=msxXRwaRKomtxZgeE%7EnfHe1FOXxeO90Rf1a7UW8cWhIg3R7bjOKTNGbMrzgczLtizqRuTQNsJErJYJDOacSC9ysvh0Ol6%7EoJHTHF8w%7EFRqzEnFrS92A3gxGIUV7BL3ACoge2wvQZa6Sw%7Ejn6KbnhFGjYVass%7EsCA2Ae19seuEKuZAc6GayQmr71YbJ-ICy%7EIHNyyIr58OTF78LMHrPIkc50XUhSNbwfbcdfITjXHwuk63IbdMK%7EJcLpvQsduZgyGCqIhz7cMh39Trn7mj%7ErJIhcpTkH6L%7ERXggVG1yBmwDDdxEGMviDIaWbtaLVbnWhOe%7E2SZyMxbNIkUe1wNQo3CQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7f84732ed896a5147324ee0f952007ca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/1931bbsrmcbwedding.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.0464 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.0464, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Barry Sr. and Mary Bingham's wedding day Description An account of the resource Barry Bingham Sr. and Mary Caperton Bingham on their wedding day in Richmond, Virginia. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931-06-09 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Barry, 1906-1988 Bingham, Mary Caperton, 1904-1995 Virginia--Richmond Weddings Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1930s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/dcaacedd5816e98261cd03fd257db73c.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=BwAfusOzlXxXkjUvmX4KeY3LJjE6ew8akAA5B1MsBHnBv5QMM12moYQ-u9ITcVkVCYYTPFS8rIcJEZjkyq6jNnopDmsZRqqPQUoYV2iwYvI7VVMrPg4tRuJIpcDl2eobDRh0leHeha8oKrCPzkiq7sBLS4PPhLROzPQgNpY4rm1od7c%7EiTbyD6GfXl0ptwK1G0qFNNWztvxkZTEc0eYgD4DIcir%7EHf98Wem-obbjbzIS-KOGpnfJlYWWWvdycf1ZhDelRirGzH%7EfeZfPTomvkXfBHFhtE1zX83iGB9V9x3wEB4IJyXJYR9WHOGQzq6qPc3XZEjfPce73BlM652XhbQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 37a6a3c96a9d86037d03ddc0054bc232 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/12_03_083_bbsrwdog.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.0013 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.0013, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Barry Bingham Sr. with pet dog Description An account of the resource Barry Bingham Sr., as a young man kneeling with a dog. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1920s Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Barry, 1906-1988 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1920s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/4b97c35d45b6cef93ef7b800e6033043.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=c0kovsmaW8DOzFMv4c%7EeRqRujnC-J7pKzoETsPJLDhG-drXXGXVXLqETLm%7ErmBKtN5E%7E%7EGv-PNbBG-JO-T-OMWMrQCJSgBEYXP6Q1g7HRcjx%7EA4%7EsjO2S5KlGSrrszRVC5vwAyfErVTAPUCqrjRnsWwmo2O%7E3YWdS42UQuWwwbA2ujrZ%7Ev63WoBlsJsQ7I03Fm1lEITtfiiICE1mAWxO3vzfR8MHKkKoyUcmY1WvbTtANWEAQPSidYIy85D-qgI-aMqpDymtIE1nbHoresxs5Cxb5bXV7yZvrz16zI6C6Z7Y7IDy-%7EMWBLIqrwnQEep77m3kb0wXEfd-avJ4vlzWdA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ea44f14b195e5e457e563abd2bdc5b4d https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/e7ab6157036777e3546ce7827623f9fa.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=Wb-J8jaY%7ElErFvQtesbzgxhBijiBAVO6tAfOiTHXgfFWP3pfSTgM8hKmfeBK0iDB40mYGXlR7sMf8rGp8Pvw5-GztpUwHHqUvfc6dZhuCSIMwIHNyMwyMagS%7EBApudk6xATACn0dGRZhpbfft03JOraUdWxxvW4NYO5KqZkG4CM5q6M9FCryubFkYaUI9ZlXBPiWIKu-O1%7ETqpWzjyr8mnijQoFSAYpk1hsT%7EDIcKzjz6HJN5rt9Xy3MJ7mr6EOmraPp2T3lpcXNOrG0NPFMhig3YzmMRX9acZmtcqkK6fyh6mN4Iomu9HUTl3lLw7JWOi3LzT0ptMhDPBtpU%7EmKOg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 17db169bfdd0b4014dc7ff34e61c2e9f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/judgeambasswdig_a.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.1475 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.1475, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource British Ambassador Bingham with dignitary Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource International News Photos Inc. (Ny.) Description An account of the resource British Ambassador Robert W. Bingham (1871-1937) walking with dignitary in England. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa mid-1930s Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Robert Worth, 1871-1937 England Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1930s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/9ff6abfca47172f65da1033ea420b355.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=sauBaJmtEdkLUDpYHL1ms4D0-XSZJVw7Wv15trDuGZ6MrofU4D4J31ZmFUCE60H2YkqlROF-7K5IyD411DjfRg2%7EoIrRkcTIvji5MkpW1haZROb%7EXvTqhKCy7P5MAwHW7XTCmwCubbqg8xihzZ-u06UlhwgZYcJOT3Yb4xlju-z657WJqehsKuh2BjoTPk4TM-0T9GPkXEhcIzglFg2pC7Bm12Hxy5yN9i-mOhVQLYKynuwS-peLAUGsjj2xtPKTL6GTqoxaQGl1Lbhd1cJZhCAEoJafarxWake31hmQaqBtfGtZpbeNJTDoiVM0zM1D69Pmf3HUYzZEIFI2L8FSLA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ce34a98ad9c0f93066b4cc8a828c5146 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/bingham_farewelldinner_1933.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Farewell Dinner for Judge Robert W. Bingham Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caufield and Shook, (Louisville, Ky.) Description An account of the resource Photograph of a farewell dinner, attended by several hundred people, for Judge Robert W. Bingham, American Ambassador to the Court of St. James, seated on the dais at the Brown Hotel in Louisville, Kentucky. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933-04 Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Robert Worth, 1871-1937 Kentucky--Jefferson County Brown Hotel (Louisville, Ky.) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1930s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/7192f65ec4ce0b1fad24fcb1b542f942.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=av7rPBk%7EgCwJK8hNbbWNBNvLDRuK8W3k7BTzIP8-aS-pFuUjFvu3IxNdtg588XcAP8%7Ec2t6-P41V5A%7EMh-puu7ntNVPD6CFS7xBQIvtVJ0Oak5kVEEoVJmisugyb2U10QmLQNcdO6cjL%7EypBS9f9SsyYbrLJL7hffoLx5AuUH-pWR6OEbt4xVeJ8ayW6BVIo3c5lWswH7wmG-qEjXSCqwfus4vz09AVJkrjgZrEBC5GfZxkpXpIl%7ErWkHsCEF4QuCQTqZI3nMFNlpoKzMlyIWBY2Zmw0GP-rVzpfvL1M9viMIUJ0wdWmwFUlJQON6uVZQis%7EAEaZXyPltcmviqEClg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f8b083fc16682e2da07a37bc950a3f6b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/d3be90a6711ea7acda3e8c1de9c63608.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=p%7ELQ06bQy6AgFS1NtBygJytXAOtyx3tFl87qLp9SIXxE2iNBPJUT6dN0zsKgnfs4BB9r6BD4L04E7HgSsOYDUzQhxOD9GbioogfLVmk84Ad4ifiIwjFnn4mx109f7dtfhpU0tDy4VNe0K8xW6efh4SMRosHWCeQC1LR8JkzIFk7WXDnwsZkVbB8H-SbQm0U5uKaea1c%7EwxmVfyKYz-SqkPFIeBhRUaeOI5EZn8lYjiJL-Kt-KBqzNxwE9HZK8bU7c8PQkFDLsdKdFwrtEzfvkIzpqPY1l3-rYMiqCB7QaLHfuBAvfVSiMR1kRTuJkACs-9ZVx%7EbDaCeji6n%7E3OjdIg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5f5ba64a692e3f3acd0f51891d0e5f48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/judgecjwulricbelladult_a.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.1379 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.1379, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Judge Bingham Description An account of the resource Photograph of Judge Robert W. Bingham (1871-1937) carrying a cigarette and walking on the street with Courier-Journal correspondent Ulric Bell. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa mid-1930s Subject The topic of the resource Bingham, Robert Worth, 1871-1937 Bell, Ulric, 1891-1960 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1930s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/a167667fe5a83d03d5fe59f75ea31fa5.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=jf6t84VPnCsV5l7F9JfzcMLOphyX8cvaNDKJkbcGbmF8n4jqdFkVLAvf2wiiA0-jr-PFBoChz7-dVxqbum8jRNKdkCZpLjALgxiJinNckBpvHLi6qIBppRKZz9k9rLCWRWid0sIDXCVpazkcbKZ0K8uwP12wKz1pB%7ExBhp2%7Ed73qv1TOuCJzSB4rESbnHyBJWSXrTwPrH2sQxl4X3JaEinKY-L4JIAPsfQ3Z1or0lCnLqnYwLcmQst2JCCVDf%7EpNKya3281leRTSxMasdkC5rwNBuwN25MhGRE0YJuvRKfmRQa3TREFZtLS-sICI3fTOt2VNQ6lIIi7z4SRax7YFRA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e9f4e682f710ae6dbb69234fbd78453f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bingham Family Photograph collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://filsonhistoricalomekaimages.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/mountedbwfamilygathersalliewedding.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 021PC5.0189 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 021PC5.0189, Bingham Family Photograph collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Photograph of the Bingham family Description An account of the resource The Bingham family, including in-laws Joan Bingham and Whitney Ellsworth gathered with the family dog in front of the mantle in the Music Room at the "Big House" in Melcombe, Glenview, Kentucky. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959-12-27 Subject The topic of the resource Kentucky--Jefferson County Glenview (Ky.) Melcombe (Glenview, Ky.) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950s 20th century Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource black-and-white photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/50ca44f5c85d407691dab139e173cce8.pdf?Expires=1779926400&Signature=BnRtMCW5mhj-nTpjS74MdAFFB8zI9hC0TAGuEcgS8upW36FueUqmE3KQ51LJOuT6A3Aiu3Sc6t6JxABEHv1BjRw5uoJSYBCRBZavNQw8LgG2OLlxugs3m2VOzYVn%7EoeT0o6iMjAsTMyuO6OAAq9bzPkS4UNgMOzRPYDhRp4Of91p8hSZSYBfBrNYCJlZBaQ1XGwiJYo1y16%7EXbQvigClOfgloTOpYUj1cCkZeNbIDv7inyX6vAvjWTMUT49DD03RUpEJZ2uzfHbfRgBRwvVxDC7L8WjomZ9YUgYVBIZZ8eITt5-BdIlnsFEQkmHxAZuK6BcsY4olvujgtu5tBtlWKA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 13799e531df7f160ced45b2c6c006652 PDF Text Text [,J From Vienna to Louisville, 1938 - 1940 By Gertrude ("Trude") Breiner as told to Carolyn Moyse and Virginia Wilson, daughters ofFlorence B. Jones, who was the owner ofthe house at 2063 Sherwood A venue, Louisville, Kentucky, where the Breiner family lived for over twenty years after arriving in Louisville from Vienna. July, 1999 Thefamily: MichaelAckermann,father; ElsaAckermann, daughter; Kurt Ackermann, son; Gerda Pokorny, fiancee ofKurt Ackermann; Gertrude (['rude) Ackermann, daughter. The story: As told by Trude We were born and raised in Vienna, Austria. It was a lovely old city. We never thought anybody could, for any reason, make us leave. Then Mr. Hitler came. Germany had demanded that Austria be coupled with Germany because both were German speaking countries, and therefore belonged together. Half of the Viennese were against this, but Germany sent military troops to occupy Vienna and hold rallies. They marched with signs, "One Country, One People, One Leader." All of a sudden everyone was a Nazi and doors were closed to Jews. People were even afraid to talk to Jews. However, we had a neighbor, really a very nice family, who when he met my father on the street, said, "I am so ashamed of what has happened here. Believe me, not everyone is a Nazi." The Austrian Chancellor was against the takeover by Germany, and when the annexation was announced in March 1938, he broadcast, "Gentlemen, God Bless Austria." He was immediately arrested. Once Hitler decided that the Jews had to get out, there was nothing left but to leave. It was not so easy because where could you go? You had to sacrifice everything you had, and you could only take along twelve marks. Hitler would not allow marks to leave Germany. So, we managed. Gerda was the first one to leave, then Kurt. Gerda had worked in Vienna for a Romanian Jewish family who had two sons. He was a wealthy banker. Gerda had to move in with this family the last six months they were all in Vienna. When they were able to leave Austria, they took Gerda along with them. She didn't want to leave without Kurt, but with the quotas it may have taken more than a year to get out of Austria. So she went to Switzerland in May 1938 to be with the family she worked for. Kurt had an established a medical practice in Austria and had a "shingle" on his door. In Vienna at that time doctors had their practices in the apartments in which they lived. He had hung his shingle, had his office and had established himself. Now he had to leave. In order to emigrate to the United States, you needed a quota number. A cousin of mine, who recently died in Paris, was also hunting for possibilities to emigrate. She saw a crowd of people waiting in front of a building and asked why they were there. They said it was the American Consulate and everyone was trying to get a quota number. She was right in front and got one. Then she said to Kurt, "I have no one who can sponsor us. You might go, so take the nun1ber." It was a present from heaven. He was able to leave in the fall of 1938. I knew, at that time, he would have ended up in a concentration camp had he stayed in Vienna. Our family doctor had a daughter who was studying in Switzerland She no longer came home and was scheduled to go to the United States soon. Kurt wrote to her asking if, when she got to America, would �(z-J she ask a cousin of her father' s if he could get some affidavits? She went to that doctor to get help. He still had a sister and her husband in Vienna who also needed affidavits. There was another family he contacted who could also help. They were cousins of our family doctor, but were also our relatives. Their names were Ackermann, but we never knew they existed until then. Kurt had booked passage from Cherbourg in France. He had to pass through Switzerland, then France. Since Gerda was already in Switzerland, he was able to spend two weeks with her. The family she worked for was lovely, and they gave her vacation time and paid for his hotel. Kurt wanted to get married but Switzerland had a three-week waiting period. He got the visa for Switzerland, but I had to go to the French Consulate for a "passing through France visa." The official did not want to give it to me, so I said, "I thought this was a neutral place." He said it was also a Hitler place. I said, "Do you think my brother wants to stay in France now, which Hitler will probably invade pretty soon, when he already has a visa for the States? He only goes through France to get the boat." But the official still made trouble, so I said, "I wish you or your children come to this situation. Did you all learn from Hitler?" He issued the visa. Kurt and Gerda made an agreement that if they didn't hear from each other, then twice every year, if they had the money, they would meet in Paris at a certain church. We went there with them about twenty years ago in 1978. They also showed me the little plane he took from Switzerland to France. Gerda watched and watched as he got smaller and smaller, and she thought she would never see him again. Once Kurt got into this country (USA), all he did was hm1t for sponsors for us. Your sponsor takes responsibility that you will never become a burden to this country. Our cousins in the U. S. were not rich people, but they liked Kurt. Not only did they take him into their home, but they also took care of him and gave him money for us. Immediately, they sent the affidavits and $800 landing money, which was a fortmle at that time. We couldn't emigrate to the U. S. because we needed a quota number. It depended on how many in each year had previously emigrated to America. Russia had a higher number, but Austria was always lower. Since we became "German" after Hitler took over, the number was a little higher because more Germans had emigrated in the past. We managed to get on the list, and the wait was two or three years. There was no way we could stay in Vienna. We found out that there was still open emigration to Trinidad in the West Indies, near Barbados. We needed $250 per person landing money, which would be returned when we left the Island So, finally we could leave. I could buy ship's tickets to Trinidad, leaving from the port of Hamburg. While still in Vienna, I took English lessons twice a week. I went to the home of an English teacher. One night his wife answered the door and she said to me, "Something is cooking and my husband is hiding. You'd better go home. You won't have a lesson today. We have an SS man who used to be our friend, and he told my husband to stay off the street." So I thought, since I'm already out I'll go downtown and see what' s cooking. I went to the city hall to get some information. I was told they couldn' t tell me what, but something was going to happen today. So I came home. That was the infamous night when they burned every synagogue in Germany and Austria. A couple with a baby had come to see our apartment on the previous night. We were told we had to share our apartment with someone else with so many people coming from Germany. The couple said the government sent them. They left saying we would hear from them, but they left no name. After I came home, all of a sudden I heard heavy steps coming up to the third floor. Six men came in; three from Hitler's Gestapo and three from the old police. They asked to talk to Mr. Ackermann. My father was down in the bathroom and I hoped he would stay there. So I asked what they wanted. "The couple that was here yesterday who were supposed to rent a room from you are suspected of being Communists. Give us his name." My father said he didn 't know his name, so they wanted to arrest my father. �The three men from the police were completely different from the Nazis. I said, "Look, we don' t know the name of that person. We never saw him before; we have no connection with him. See these crates here? We are ready to leave." They asked when we were leaving and ifwe had tickets, and I told them we were leaving on the 13 th of January, and I had purchased tickets that day (in November). Then I couldn't find my tickets. The police called the ship company and were told that Miss Ackermann had left her tickets on the counter. Everything was so connected with fear. A hundred things like that happened. You didn't dare go out at night, and when the doorbell rang, you were scared All of this little aggravation cost you a lot. When you think back and talk, it's nothing. They came and took our piano with all the music. We had a big picture on the wall, a collage of all ofmy father 's brothers, sisters and relatives. It was in an expensive frame, which they wanted My father thought it was beautiful, but I thought it was horrible. I told them they could have the frame but please leave us the photos. They meant nothing to them but a lot to us. They took the frame along with other things. My mother had had a brother who was in the first world war. He was six feet tall and a wonderful violinist. His father and brother were also in the war, and he saw his brother killed right before his eyes. He also developed elephantiasis or something like that. So he came back from the war handicapped and sick He was shipped back and forth between the nursing home and the mental institution for about fifteen years, in a ruined life. Before we left we received a bill from the government for twenty-two thousand marks for care given to Richard, my uncle. They told us he was a public burden for so many years that if we planned to leave the country we were responsible for the debt. Proof that this debt was settled had to appear on our passport before we could leave. I gave the official handling this a piece of my mind, "You know that this Richard gave his life for you and your family and all the Germans. He was a twenty-five year old wonderfully gifted man. He and his brother had to go off to fight. His brother was killed, he came back as an invalid, and now you want us to pay for that. What is the matter with you? Did you lose your mind, or what? You want us out and then you give us this bill." So the man finally said o.k We had to have special permission to take any jewelry out of the country. While standing in line to get that permission, I heard people talking. One asked me when I was supposed to leave. I told her in three days. She said that I should forget the jewelry and not leave it at the office with my passport because I would probably never get either one of them back anyway. My father had been a jeweler and we did have some nice rings and things. We went to Hamburg to board the ship. There were eighty people on that German boat. We were required to sign a document that we would never come back to Germany. After sailing for two weeks we came to Barbados in the West Indies. The Captain announced that Trinidad had just closed its port. You have a 'T ' on your passport, and whoever had that " f' could not land I said to him, "You know, I thought had left Germany, but I think it's just like I'm still there." We telegraphed the King of England, and Roosevelt in America, but finally we had to go on because nobody responded. We tried to get to Cuba, but there was no way we could land anywhere. When I bought the ship tickets a man from a German ship company said too me, "Look, you are an intelligent lady, and I want to ask you - everybody is convinced that it would be better without Jews." I said to him, "It' s not that they don 't want Jews, it's that they don' t want beggars. These people have nothing. They didn 't want to be beggars." He said nothing more. The people in Venezuela, which was the next landing, went to the government and pleaded for us to allow us to land Venezuela had been closed for a long time. They pleaded for us for thirty-eight hours, �and said that each Venezuelan family would take two people in their home for at least thirty days. In that time we would have an opportunity to get a visa to another country, maybe Africa or anywhere, just to get off the German boat. When we could wait no longer at Caracas, we headed to Curacao, which was Dutch. All of a sudden the boat circled and returned to a different harbor in Venezuela. When we landed, it was hot, hot- in the 100s to 105, with no air-conditioning. The harbor where we landed was a small one. We were told they would take us to Caracas, which was the capital. We slept one night in Puerto Cabello in a dirty hotel. The rooms were separated by partitions and we could hear everybody in the next room talking. Someone used a chamber pot during the night, and we even heard that. We had mosquito nets that had not been washed No one could understand German or English, only Spanish; and I didn't know Spanish. I showed the maid the dirty pillow and she brought us some pillowcases. I took my slip and put it over the pillow because I didn' t want to touch anything. Of course, I didn't sleep a wink. We boarded the bus in the morning and rode about twelve hours on a non-air-conditioned bus in intense heat, after not sleeping at all. When we came to Caracas, we saw a large fiesta going on. And I thought, "My God, I had completely forgotten that something like this could exist." When we came off the bus I thought I wouldn't be able to face strange people, accept their hospitality, and go in their homes If only I could only lay down on the ground where nobody would speak to me. That's how I felt. There happened to be one couple from Vienna that we knew. They came and offered to take care ofus for thirty days. Their daughter had married a Venezuelan. They thought we were only two people; they didn' t know my sister Elsa was with us, too. So we later changed to a hotel - not really a hotel, but a restaurant with a few rooms. We had to hang our clothes on nails on the walls. The room was between the toilet and the kitchen, and you got the odor from both sides. Everything was so moist, and there was mildew on the walls. We were just so happy to be there that we just ignored all that. I met a couple as I disembarked that owned an import-export business. Her father was a Brazilian ambassador to France. They were looking for a nanny. The mother was a lovely, beautiful woman with two children, a three-year-old boy and a baby girl. There were other girls there, all with cards stating their age. As I was a little older than most, they asked if I could come and stay with them. It was a six to seven hour trip from Caracas on a little train to their home, so I agreed to go. My father and Elsa stayed in Caracas where he immediately got work repairing watches. As soon as I got a work permit I went with those people to take care of the little boy. Wages were so low that they employed two cleaning maids, a cook, a laundress, two nannies and a chauffeur. Elsa had noticed a little knot in her breast while we were still in Vienna. The doctor said it was nothing to worry about and to just go on. In the tropical Venezuelan climate it started to grow quickly and developed a blister. She saw a doctor in Caracas at a specialty clinic for cancer. He said it was malignant and advised her to go to a cooler climate. There was also a professor from Berlin who was very good. He was not permitted to work in the office in Caracas, but he could consult. We went to him, and I don't know whether he was not a good doctor or was just against us. He took a biopsy and said it was not malignant, but it was obvious that it was. My father was so happy; he wanted to believe that it was o.k By this time two of us could leave for America. I thought it would be better if I went because Elsa was already hard of hearing at that time and I could make a living. I left with a very heavy heart. I knew Elsa was sick; she could have come with me but I didn't want to leave my father alone. And I didn't know how much longer they would have to wait before joining me. They came to America in a year. Elsa had to go to Ellis Island, not because of the sickness, but because she had been married and had had a passport years earlier which had expired. It had been overlooked in Vienna. She was sent to Ellis Island in November. It was cold and she started coughing. �I had gotten a job in Louisville at Clara Hats. It wasn't a very good job, but eighteen dollars a week was good money. I needed to go to New York and asked if I would still have my job when I returned, and the employer said it would be no problem. I went to New York for six weeks. Meanwhile, my father had landed and come to the house on Sherwood, along with my brother Kurt and Charles and Anna Pokorny, Gerda's brother and mother. I remember when we were looking for a place to live and came to your house (Carolyn and Virginia Jones '). Your mother and I liked each other so much. She was lovely to us. We learned a lot of language and habits of the American way of life, you know. When we first came, Carolyn was there and your mother said, "I have another one just like that (they were eight and ten years old)." When our crates came, you both stood there and looked - just dishes and nothing - but you were so excited. The pillows were huge, you thought. Years later when you went to your teen dances every Friday, you would come to us and show us how you looked, and I really liked that. I can remember those things in detail, but if you asked me what happened yesterday, I can' t remember. We had a hearing for Elsa in Ellis Island and I had to post a $1000 bond, so we had to find a thousand dollars. A cousin took me to a movie that evening and a $1000 bond was advertised. I didn't know there were such places where you could buy a bond, so we got it. After Elsa came to Louisville, she was sick and spent all of her time in bed. She had surgery at the old Jewish Hospital. The lab report came back showing the cancer had spread, so three days later they operated again. She was thirty-six at the time. Kurt came and gave her his blood in a transfusion. She said to me that it must be cancer because they operated the second time. At that time they tried to keep the truth from the patient, and we tried to talk her out of it. She started to lose weight. She was weight conscious because she had always been heavy, so she was pleased to be slender. She was to have a birthday and we decided to give her a big birthday so she would think she did not have cancer. We would never have spent that much money if she were not going to live. Everything at that time was so cheap that we bought her a pair of shoes, a dress and two slips. Elsa said, "I really thought I had cancer, but now I don't, because you spent all that money." Elsa had a horrible death. She couldn' t breathe. It was in her lungs and I was supposed to give her morphine shots. We didn't tell my father that she had cancer, so he didn 't let me give her the shots because it would make an addict of her. At that time, syringes had to be boiled. I had to do that secretly. She begged to please give her a shot, so secretly I gave her two to three shots a day. When Kurt came to the United States he worked in St. Louis for a year at a mental hospital. It was not for him but the pay was good, and he needed that. He and Gerda were married by that time. From there he got a residency at the old Jewish Hospital in Louisville. After that year he went to Chicago. He trained at eye institutes in Chicago and New York before he was taken into the Army. In the Army, he first went to Indianapolis, then Ft. Worth, Texas, and next to Louisiana. After a fourteen-day furlough he was shipped to the west coast, first to Washington, then to California. California would have been a paradise if it had not been for the war. Orders came for him to go to the Pacific, and all of his underwear had to be dyed khaki. Every day when Gerda said goodbye, she thought she might never see him again. Fortunately, the war ended before his unit was shipped out. After his discharge from the Army, he took his board exams for the United States and set up his Ophthalmology practice in Louisville. The cousin who gave Kurt her quota number to enter the United States left Austria and entered France illegally. What they went through! They were running with German airplanes after them. They hid in a farmer's house. She had a boy who could never go to school there. The Germans started taking the Jews in France to German concentration camps after France collapsed. They were not taking women who were pregnant so she became pregnant and survived. �After the war each person in the United States could send a five-pound package overseas once a week. I already had a millinery store established in Louisville, so we sent five packages a week. Your mother let me use her name. We also used my stepmother Rosa's, my father's, my husband Emil's and mine. Each sent a package. Once she received a package with "GIFT" on it. In German that means "poison," so that package she didn't eat. She later told us that the packages we sent kept them alive. About thirty years ago (about 1969), the boy came to see us in the United States. Trude operated a millinery store on Bardstown Road in Louisville. She later joined her husband, Emil Breiner, in his dry-goods business. Mr. Ackermann repaired watches until his death, at which time his second wife, Rosa, returned to Toledo to be close to her family. Gerda assisted Kurt in his successful practice of ophthalmology until their retirement. Michael Ackermann died on February 3, 1948; Emil Breiner on July 7, 1998; Kurt Ackermann on December 13, 1998; and Trude Breiner on September 29, 1999. MS Word/Personal Documents/Breiner.Doc � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust and the Ohio Valley, 1920, 1933-1990s Description An account of the resource This collection consists of documents and photographs related to Jewish experiences in the Holocaust and World War II, Jewish American efforts to support refugees, and historical memory of the Holocaust in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. This digitization project is in partnership with the Louisville Ballet's <em><a href="https://www.louisvilleballet.org/a-time-remembered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Time Remembered</a> </em>performance, which marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. <div><br />Holocaust-era family documents center on the Wolff, Levy, and Ackermann families who escaped to the United States from France and Austria, and ultimately settled in Louisville. Passports provide photographs of the family members and track their movements through countries. Letters document their efforts to navigate the administrative barriers to passage, and the tragic fate of relatives who were not approved to leave.<br /><br />Records from the National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section document the organization's activist work in fundraising for and directly serving refugees in the city, and political organizing around national immigration policies and economic boycotts of German-made goods. The collection includes sample correspondence from national organizations and individuals who supported and were against Zionism in response to the violent antisemitism of the Holocaust. <br /><br />The final items in the collection document Holocaust memorial events in the 1990s. Invitations, photographs, scripts, press releases, and articles represent the memorialization work of the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Community Federation of Louisville, <span>Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, and other  organizations.</span></div> <br />This project was generously supported by the Jewish Heritage Fund.<br /><br /><a href="https://jewishheritagefund.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://jewishheritagefund.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" alt="jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" width="306" height="58" /></a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920, 1933-1990s Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document From Vienna to Louisville, 1938 - 1940 By Gertrude ("Trude") Breiner as told to Carolyn Moyse and Virginia Wilson, daughters of Florence B. Jones, who was the owner of the house at 2063 Sherwood A venue, Louisville, Kentucky, where the Breiner family lived for over twenty years after arriving in Louisville from Vienna. July, 1999 Thefamily: MichaelAckermann,father; ElsaAckermann, daughter; Kurt Ackermann, son; Gerda Pokorny, fiancee of Kurt Ackermann; Gertrude (['rude) Ackermann, daughter. The story: As told by Trude We were born and raised in Vienna, Austria. It was a lovely old city. We never thought anybody could, for any reason, make us leave. Then Mr . Hitler came. Germany had demanded that Austria be coupled with Germany because both were German speaking countries, and therefore belonged together. Half of the Viennese were against this, but Germany sent military troops to occupy Vienna and hold rallies. They marched with signs, "One Country, One People, One Leader." All of a sudden everyone was a Nazi and doors were closed to Jews. People were even afraid to talk to Jews. However, we had a neighbor, really a very nice family, who when he met my father on the street, said, "I am so ashamed of what has happened here. Believe me, not everyone is a Nazi." The Austrian Chancellor was against the takeover by Germany, and when the annexation was announced in March 1938, he broadcast, "Gentlemen, God Bless Austria." He was immediately arrested. Once Hitler decided that the Jews had to get out, there was nothing left but to leave. It was not so easy because where could you go? You had to sacrifice everything you had, and you could only take along twelve marks. Hitler would not allow marks to leave Germany. So, we managed. Gerda was the first one to leave, then Kurt. Gerda had worked in Vienna for a Romanian Jewish family who had two sons. He was a wealthy banker. Gerda had to move in with this family the last six months they were all in Vienna. When they were able to leave Austria, they took Gerda along with them. She didn't want to leave without Kurt, but with the quotas it may have taken more than a year to get out ofAustria. So she went to Switzerland in May 1938 to be with the family she worked for. Kurt had an established a medical practice in Austria and had a "shingle" on his door. In Vienna at that time doctors had their practices in the apartments in which they lived. He had hung his shingle, had his office and had established himself. Now he had to leave. In order to emigrate to the United States, you needed a quota number. A cousin of mine, who recently died in Paris, was also hunting for possibilities to emigrate. She saw a crowd of people waiting in front of a building and asked why they were there. They said it was the American Consulate and everyone was trying to get a quota number. She was right in front and got one. Then she said to Kurt, "I have no one who can sponsor us. You might go, so take the nun1ber ." It was a present from heaven. He was able to leave in the fall of 1938. I knew, at that time, he would have ended up in a concentration camp had he stayed in Vienna. Our family doctor had a daughter who was studying in Switzerland She no longer came home and was scheduled to go to the United States soon. Kurt wrote to her asking if , when she got to America, would [,J she ask a cousin of her father' s if he could get some affidavits? She went to that doctor to get help. He still had a sister and her husband in Vienna who also needed affidavits. There was another family he contacted who could also help. They were cousins of our family doctor, but were also our relativ es. Their names were Ackermann, but we never knew they existed until then. Kurt had booked passage from Cherbourg in France. He had to pass through Switzerland, then France. Since Gerda was already in Switzerland, he was able to spend two weeks with her. The family she worked for was lovely, and they gave her vacation time and paid for his hotel. Kurt wanted to get married but Switzerland had a three-week waiting period. He got the visa for Switzerland, but I had to go to the French Consulate for a "passing through France visa." The official did not want to give it to me, so I said, "I thought this was a neutral place." He said it was also a Hitler place. I said, "Do you think my brother wants to stay in France now, which Hitler will probably invade pretty soon, when he already has a visa for the States? He only goes through France to get the boat." But the official still made trouble, so I said, "I wish you or your children come to this situation. Did you all learn from Hitler?" He issued the visa. Kurt and Gerda made an agreement that if they didn't hear from each other, then twice every year, if they had the money, they would meet in Paris at a certain church. We went there with them about twenty years ago in 1978. They also showed me the little plane he took from Switzerland to France. Gerda watched and watched as he got smaller and smaller, and she thought she would nev er see him again. Once Kurt got into this country (USA), all he did was hm1t for sponsors for us. Your sponsor takes responsibility that you will never become a burden to this country. Our cousins in the U. S. were not rich people, but they liked Kurt. Not only did they take him into their home, but they also took care of him and gave him money for us. Immediately, they sent the affidavits and $800 landing money, which was a fortmle at that time. We couldn't emigrate to the U. S. because we needed a quota number. It depended on how many in each year had previously emigrated to America. Russia had a higher number, but Austria was always lower. Since we became "German" after Hitler took over, the number was a little higher because more Germans had emigrated in the past. We managed to get on the list, and the wait was two or three years. There was no way we could stay in Vienna. We found out that there was still open emigration to Trinidad in the West Indies, near Barbados. We needed $250 per person landing money, which would be returned when we left the Island So, finally we could leave. I could buy ship's tickets to Trinidad, leaving from the port of Hamburg. While still in Vienna, I took English lessons twice a week. I went to the home of an English teacher. One night his wife answered the door and she said to me, "Something is cooking and my husband is hiding. You'd better go home. You won't have a lesson today. We have an SS man who used to be our friend, and he told my husband to stay off the street." So I thought, since I'm already out I'll go downtown and see what' s cooking. I went to the city hall to get some information. I was told they couldn't tell me what, but something was going to happen today. So I came home. That was the infamous night when they burned every synagogue in Germany and Austria. A couple with a baby had come to see our apartment on the previous night. We were told we had to share our apartment with someone else with so many people coming from Germany. The couple said the government sent them. They left saying we would hear from them, but they left no name. After I came home, all of a sudden I heard heavy steps coming up to the third floor. Six men came in; three from Hitler's Gestapo and three from the old police. They asked to talk to Mr . Ackermann. My father was down in the bathroom and I hoped he would stay there. So I asked what they wanted. "The couple that was here yesterday who were supposed to rent a room from you are suspected of being Communists. Give us his name." My father said he didn 't know his name, so they wanted to arrest my father. (z-J The three men from the police were completely different from the Nazis. I said, "Look, we don't know the name of that person. We never saw him before; we have no connection with him. See these crates here? We are ready to leave." They asked when we were leaving and ifwe had tickets, and I told them we were leaving on the 13 th of January, and I had purchased tickets that day (in November). Then I couldn't find my tickets. The police called the ship company and were told that Miss Ackermann had left her tickets on the counter. Everything was so connected with fear. A hundred things like that happened. You didn't dare go out at night, and when the doorbell rang, you were scared All of this little aggravation cost you a lot. When you think back and talk, it's nothing. They came and took our piano with all the music. We had a big picture on the wall, a collage of all ofmy father 's brothers, sisters and relatives. It was in an expensive frame, which they wanted My father thought it was beautiful, but I thought it was horrible. I told them they could have the frame but please leave us the photos. They meant nothing to them but a lot to us. They took the frame along with other things. My mother had had a brother who was in the first world war. He was six feet tall and a wonderful violinist. His father and brother were also in the war, and he saw his brother killed right before his eyes. He also developed elephantiasis or something like that. So he came back from the war handicapped and sickHe was shipped back and forth between the nursing home and the mental institution for about fifteen years, in a ruined life. Before we left we received a bill from the government for twenty-two thousand marks for care given to Richard, my uncle. They told us he was a public burden for so many years that if we planned to leave the country we were responsible for the debt. Proof that this debt was settled had to appear on our passport before we could leave. I gave the official handling this a piece of my mind, "You know that this Richard gave his life for you and your family and all the Germans. He was a twenty-five year old wonderfully gifted man. He and his brother had to go off to fight. His brother was killed, he came back as an invalid, and now you want us to pay for that. What is the matter with you? Did you lose your mind, or what? You want us out and then you give us this bill." So the man finally said o.k We had to have special permission to take any jewelry out of the country. While standing in line to get that permission, I heard people talking. One asked me when I was supposed to leave. I told her in three days. She said that I should forget the jewelry and not leave it at the office with my passport because I would probably never get either one of them back anyway. My father had been a jeweler and we did have some nice rings and things. We went to Hamburg to board the ship. There were eighty people on that German boat. We were required to sign a document that we would never come back to Germany. After sailing for two weeks we came to Barbados in the West Indies. The Captain announced that Trinidad had just closed its port . You have a 'T ' on your passport, and whoever had that " f' could not land I said to him, "You know, I thought had left Germany, but I think it's just like I'm still there." We telegraphed the King of England, and Roosevelt in America, but finally we had to go on because nobody responded. We tried to get to Cuba, but there was no way we could land anywhere. When I bought the ship tickets a man from a German ship company said too me, "Look, you are an intelligent lady, and I want to ask you - everybody is convinced that it would be better without Jews." I said to him, "It' s not that they don 't want Jews, it's that they don't want beggars. These people have nothing. They didn 't want to be beggars ." He said nothing more. The people in Venezuela, which was the next landing, went to the government and pleaded for us to allow us to land Venezuela had been closed for a long time. They pleaded for us for thirty-eight hours, and said that each Venezuelan family would take two people in their home for at least thirty days. In that time we would have an opportunity to get a visa to another country, maybe Africa or anywhere, just to get off the German boat. When we could wait no longer at Caracas, we headed to Curacao, which was Dutch. All of a sudden the boat circled and returned to a different harbor in Venezuela. When we landed, it was hot, hot- in the 100s to 105, with no air-conditioning. The harbor where we landed was a small one. We were told they would take us to Caracas, which was the capital. We slept one night in Puerto Cabello in a dirty hotel. The rooms were separated by partitions and we could hear everybody in the next room talking. Someone used a chamber pot during the night, and we even heard that. We had mosquito nets that had not been washed No one could understand German or English, only Spanish; and I didn't know Spanish. I showed the maid the dirty pillow and she brought us some pillowcases. I took my slip and put it over the pillow because I didn't want to touch anything. Of course, I didn't sleep a wink. We boarded the bus in the morning and rode about twelve hours on a non-air-conditioned bus in intense heat, after not sleeping at all. When we came to Caracas, we saw a large fiesta going on. And I thought, "My God, I had completely forgotten that something like this could exist." When we came off the bus I thought I wouldn't be able to face strange people, accept their hospitality, and go in their homes If only I could only lay down on the ground where nobody would speak to me. That's how I felt. There happened to be one couple from Vienna that we knew. They came and offered to take care ofus for thirty days. Their daughter had married a Venezuelan. They thought we were only two people; they didn't know my sister Elsa was with us, too. So we later changed to a hotel - not really a hotel, but a restaurant with a few rooms. We had to hang our clothes on nails on the walls. The room was between the toilet and the kitchen, and you got the odor from both sides. Everything was so moist, and there was mildew on the walls. We were just so happy to be there that we just ignored all that. I met a couple as I disembarked that owned an import-export business. Her father was a Brazilian ambassador to France. They were looking for a nann y. The mother was a lovely, beautiful woman with two children, a three-year-old boy and a baby girl. There were other girls there, all with cards stating their age. As I was a little older than most, they asked if I could come and stay with them. It was a six to seven hour trip from Caracas on a little train to their home, so I agreed to go. My father and Elsa stayed in Caracas where he immediately got work repairing watches. As soon as I got a work permit I went with those people to take care of the little boy. Wages were so low that they employed two cleaning maids, a cook, a laundress, two nannies and a chauffeur. Elsa had noticed a little knot in her breast while we were still in Vienna. The doctor said it was nothing to worry about and to just go on. In the tropical Venezuelan climate it started to grow quickly and developed a blister. She saw a doctor in Caracas at a specialty clinic for cancer. He said it was malignant and advised her to go to a cooler climate. There was also a professor from Berlin who was very good. He was not permitted to work in the office in Caracas, but he could consult. We went to him, and I don't know whether he was not a good doctor or was just against us. He took a biopsy and said it was not malignant, but it was obvious that it was. My father was so happy; he wanted to believe that it was o.k By this time two of us could leave for America. I thought it would be better if I went because Elsa was already hard of hearing at that time and I could make a living. I left with a very heavy heart. I knew Elsa was sick; she could have come with me but I didn't want to leave my father alone. And I didn't know how much longer they would have to wait before joining me. They came to America in a year. Elsa had to go to Ellis Island, not because of the sickness, but because she had been married and had had a passport years earlier which had expired. It had been overlooked in Vienna. She was sent to Ellis Island in November. It was cold and she started coughing. I had gotten a job in Louisville at Clara Hats. It wasn't a very good job, but eighteen dollars a week was good money. I needed to go to New York and asked if I would still have my job when I returned, and the employer said it would be no problem. I went to New York for six weeks. Meanwhile, my father had landed and come to the house on Sherwood, along with my brother Kurt and Charles and Anna Pokorny, Gerda's brother and mother. I remember when we were looking for a place to live and came to your house (Carolyn and Virginia Jones '). Your mother and I liked each other so much. She was lovely to us. We learned a lot of language and habits of the American way of life, you know. When we first came, Carolyn was there and your mother said, "I have another one just like that (they were eight and ten years old)." When our crates came, you both stood there and looked - just dishes and nothing - but you were so excited. The pillows were huge, you thought. Years later when you went to your teen dances every Friday, you would come to us and show us how you looked, and I really liked that. I can remember those things in detail, but if you asked me what happened yesterday, I can't remember. We had a hearing for Elsa in Ellis Island and I had to post a $1000 bond, so we had to find a thousand dollars. A cousin took me to a movie that evening and a $1000 bond was advertised. I didn't know there were such places where you could buy a bond, so we got it. After Elsa came to Louisville, she was sick and spent all of her time in bed. She had surgery at the old Jewish Hospital. The lab report came back showing the cancer had spread, so three days later they operated again. She was thirty-six at the time. Kurt came and gave her his blood in a transfusion. She said to me that it must be cancer because they operated the second time. At that time they tried to keep the truth from the patient, and we tried to talk her out of it. She started to lose weight. She was weight conscious because she had always been heavy, so she was pleased to be slender. She was to have a birthday and we decided to give her a big birthday so she would think she did not have cancer. We would never have spent that much money if she were not going to live. Everything at that time was so cheap that we bought her a pair of shoes, a dress and two slips. Elsa said, "I really thought I had cancer, but now I don't, because you spent all that money." Elsa had a horrible death. She couldn't breathe. It was in her lungs and I was supposed to give her morphine shots. We didn't tell my father that she had cancer, so he didn 't let me give her the shots because it would make an addict of her. At that time, syringes had to be boiled. I had to do that secretly. She begged to please give her a shot, so secretly I gave her two to three shots a day. When Kurt came to the United States he worked in St. Louis for a year at a mental hospital. It was not for him but the pay was good, and he needed that. He and Gerda were married by that time. From there he got a residency at the old Jewish Hospital in Louisville. After that year he went to Chicago. He trained at eye institutes in Chicago and New York before he was taken into the Army. In the Army, he first went to Indianapolis, then Ft. Worth, Texas, and next to Louisiana. After a fourteen-day furlough he was shipped to the west coast, first to Washington, then to California. California would have been a paradise if it had not been for the war. Orders came for him to go to the Pacific, and all of his underwear had to be dyed khaki. Every day when Gerda said goodbye, she thought she might never see him again. Fortunately, the war ended before his unit was shipped out. After his discharge from the Army, he took his board exams for the United States and set up his Ophthalmology practice in Louisville. The cousin who gave Kurt her quota number to enter the United States left Austria and entered France illegally. What they went through! They were running with German airplanes after them. They hid in a farmer's house. She had a boy who could never go to school there. The Germans started taking the Jews in France to German concentration camps after France collapsed. They were not taking women who were pregnant so she became pregnant and survived. After the war each person in the United States could send a five-pound package overseas once a week. I already had a millinery store established in Louisville, so we sent five packages a week. Your mother let me use her name. We also used my stepmother Rosa's, my father's, my husband Emil's and mine. Each sent a package. Once she received a package with "GIFT" on it. In German that means "poison," so that package she didn't eat. She later told us that the packages we sent kept them alive. About thirty years ago (about 1969), the boy came to see us in the United States. Trude operated a millinery store on Bardstown Road in Louisville. She later joined her husband, Emil Breiner, in his dry-goods business. Mr. Ackermann repaired watches until his death, at which time his second wife, Rosa, returned to Toledo to be close to her family. Gerda assisted Kurt in his successful practice of ophthalmology until their retirement. Michael Ackermann died on February 3, 1948; Emil Breiner on July 7, 199 8; Kurt Acke rmann on December 13, 1998; and Trude Breiner on September 29, 1999. MS Word/Personal Documents/Breiner.Doc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. A CA Ackermann Breiner Title A name given to the resource From Vienna to Louisville, 1938-1940 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Breiner, Gertrude "Trude," 1906-1999 Moyse, Carolyn Wilson, Virginia Description An account of the resource Six-page narrative of Trude Ackermann Breiner as told to Carolyn Moyse and Virginia Wilson. The story covers the Ackermann and Pokorny families's experiences in Vienna, Austria, during World War II and their efforts to navigate the immigration process to the United States. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1999-07 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century 1930s 1940s 1990s Subject The topic of the resource Breiner, Gertrude "Trude," 1906-1999 Ackermann, Dr. Kurt, 1910-1998 Ackermann, Gerda Pokorny, 1910-2008Jews Jewish women Women Kentucky--Louisville Kentucky--Jefferson County Louisville (Ky.) Immigrants Emigration and immigration Jewish refugees Refugees Austrians World War, 1939-1945 Kristallnacht (1938) Cancer Physicians Jewish Holocaust (1939-1945) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource memoir 6 pages Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mss. A CA Ackermann Breiner, Ackermann family papers, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. for other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://Filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/6ad6f99ff56619eef5889481dca37a8a.pdf?Expires=1779926400&Signature=cshCQP9tyI%7EpCJQdDvUfOqf4a4Y57%7EJ4aIXoLe5VjlJPKMxgVvI9DTozCcWzimpMmrhM0Go1WxkZ4YYfNtb0c0vwAqihP5piay9tE%7EKwSifVEKzgcgnszMc7IfXroSSr0vHIFuog-JuTKgQiURfbG3pYtGLnSBUWPyJLOLa-vo94wpQXcCsepjErkZGkDClLMYafPRxCN3r94fvHyPrvBX4dosMURrFsNKSRMGxYQDh2ptBvEUFqGXuGindazwrTfh2v2EWUdkNWvvfN5yGKIATLbCtNYaCjxj2gG6%7Exkhbl%7EcYNR1fLD746YyFOw1oadTq19qTEESFqHNAO3DEBFw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM db4a371e24ac334470714252b0616513 PDF Text Text ( The Executive 1onrd, Louisville Sction, N~c; J. W. held its regular meeting October 9 , 1941, in the library of ·.1. ' emple Adath Israel. 40 members were present with the president, Mrs . Herman handmaker in the chair . The minutes of the previous meeting were read and accerted. It is very important that deliberations of the Board and all matters discussed shall be considered secret, and shall not be spoken of until after afficial presntation at a general meeting . The president made a plea for promptness in attend ance. introduced and welcomed new members, & urged everyone to take on more responsibilities but ~ot to let any old ones slip . Mrs . Carl Helrren,treasurer gave her report which showed: Balance on hand in genl. fund,Ma.y 26,1941 •• •. $486.Z? Receipts . .... ••• .•.... .• .•.... • .• • . . ........ 52 . 50 DisbursemenGS• ••••••••••• • ·••••·•·•·•·••··•• 363. 57 Balance on hand in genl fund , Oct . 9,1941 . •.• 175 . 30 This was accepted and referred to the audmtor . Miss Jessie Grauman, Financial Sect~ reported 363 paid members including 3 new ones in a total membership of 4 54 . The annual reading of the working rules at the 1st Board meeting was done by Mrs . Harry F. Cohen, and after some discussion of the creation and pur~ose of the Legislative Fund, Mrs . Handmaker asked that it be investigated . It wa s also decided to look into the feasibility of merging the S~udent Loan Fund with the Student Nurses ' Loan Fund, since the latter has been inactive for some years . Miss Lillie Grauma n announced the NominRting Committee had selected Mrs . Louis Glogower to fill the vacancy of director for 1940- 43 . This was unanimously accepted . Mrs . Ben Solinger, chr . ,membership comm., reported promises to join from 23 new prospects . Mrs. Handma.ker urged every member o~ the board to work for new memberships. Mrs . Alfred Strause, chrm1of the newly created placement comm. outlined her duties and requested information as to what committees would welcome assistance . The chairmen of such committees were instructed to contact her. The president explained that i~ keeping wbth the needs of the times, a special office of Defense Coordinator was been assigned t ~ Mrs . Silas Starr, who urged the members to participate in the volunteer registration for civilian defense , and mentioned receipt of a letter from the Treasury Dept asking i r. dividual purehases of sta~ s and bonds . 1rs. Handmaker emphasized trongly the conne ction between social welfare and defenee in maintaining our democracy. Relating her s uccess in the aluminum collection during the summer, Mrs . Frank Garlove,chrm . of drive~ was congratulated on her ingenuitu in direction . The Red Cross annual drYve will co~e up in November . ~ Mrs. Lewis W. Cole , chrm, announced that the Program comm .wa~ted ~ 1st program to be on the subject of women ' s part in defense & felt extremely fortunate in obtaining Mayor Scholtz to be the speaker . She urged everyone to come to hear hi m. Jlrs , ia.r ry Resnick, chrm. of hospitality made a plea for early reservations for luncheon meetings . The meat - fish question arose & after much discussion, a motion made by trs . Frehling was cs rried that luncheons be served with respect to dietary laws. This decision is to be mentioned in the 3ulletin . �HJJ0 v t ~ cl I tr~- _ (JZ.,r. y ~ µ Ji-7 Jn~~~ ~-.!,- )1..oy . / 7 1 19 ,y' I .. 37 I ~ ,y ~37 (.r-o 5 6- 6- I I r-o ~/4 ~ I I- ?~ 1~:J~ ~~ '6 ~ ~ ~~ ii ~--r'<../ 1 ~ s- b ..... ()---c, :3 '7g~ t 7 µ . L - w~ ' 6- ~ ~ J3 t3 ~ - h1 ~ ~ : q - ~ ~ 1.1-; / / -ii ' .j 1--0--0 / I v-i) I ~ J ~ ~-U-:J-rve I ()-0 ;s- to "7 6 Q j- o-d - b 0 �., ( A letter from r. Zenos E. Scott. Superintendent of Public Schools was read by rs. E telle Kaufman. chrm. Fenny Lunch Wund, in which he statad that the B - rd of ~ducation in connection with the Federa, Surplus Commodities Corporation will be_glad to ta~e over the G~o . W. Morris School i~: • • t • • • • Inasmuch as the Bd . of Ed . provides for all J other schools. and the Council can feed only 50 or 60 of the 120 children who ne Pd assistance a motion was ma.de by Mrs. Kaufman to relinquish the Penny Lunch p~oject and to write Dr. Scott saying how happy and privileged the Council was to have done t his work and that we are gratified to have the Bd, t a ke over . This was carried._Miss Bandman moved that a revert of t ~is emergencJ action of the Council be presented at the next open meeting with reading of Dr . Sco tt's letter . Mis~ Jessie Grauman re minded the Board that Mrs . Handmaker had been largely instrumental in bringing the Council's fine work to the attention of the iomen ' s Clubs of the city, thereby forcing civic action for all schools• Mrs . kufman and her committee were granted the privilege of disposing of the Council's property at the Morris School . A recommendation was made that financial matters pertaining to Penny Lunch Fund be discussed at the next Board meeting and the following o-pen meeting with subsequent revision of the working rule. The Literary Discussion group wi 11 continue with book-review tea s and Miss Lille Grauman, chrm. Educational Comm. , announced that Mrs . Herbert L1atson will review "Oliver Wiswell" by K0 nneth Roberts on Wed. Oct . 22 at the home of Mrs . Edward ·i lickler with Mrs . Simon Ades, co hostess . Every member was cordially invited . Mrs . Herman Kort, chrm. ,Evening roup reported dinner meetings were held during the Summer and will continue on the 1st Thursday of each month . Counc i l members are invlted to attend . The Evening Group participates 1 night a manth at the Red Cross S rgical Dressing Room and 10 or 11 members are taking the Red Cross Course. Suggestions from committee chairmen as to other projects for this group will be ,rnl come. ,i The Contempora ry Jewish Affairs and International Relations Groups will meet twmce a month, on the onday 1 hour before the open meeting and on the,!th Monday morning . ·l·he 1st meeting . Nov. 3 will be in charge of Co ntemporary Jewish Affair s . Mrs . Bernard Selligman, chrm., and wil discuss Jews in Latin America and the early history of Jews i n South merica. In the absence of Mrs . Lawrence Grauman, Mrs. Selligman annou,.,ced the Internatio nal Relations Group will discuss Central America on Nov . 24 . After some discussion, it was decided to continue with the Singing essage committee . Appointment of a new chairman with 2 committee members ; a prominent notice in the B lletin, and stimulating reminders at meetings will be tried to increase the revenue from t his project. In Mrs . Leo Weil ' s absence, Mrs . Handmaker stres .:o ed the impor:tn nce of the Social Legislation comm . in these times . A definite plan for the Study Group wjll be presented at the next meeting . The president urged the members to consider and wo ~k for passage of the amendment to the scho vl bill which will be presented on the ballot in November . Mrs . Handmaker announced for Mrs . Herman Ullman that the Lezsckinsky Fund had collected $7 2. 25 during the summer . Miss Eva 5andman read the budget whi ch was accepted subject to approval of the general body. It was agreed to make a don~tion ~o.t~e Y. M.H.A. 's annual drive in appreci~tion of the use of their facilities rather than include it in the budget. �~ 1 ~ t2~"' ,l • 1- ,. c t.,, n l... ~ ~1yr h r , -r-:i ., ,_ ,.✓ r-- (.. 1-M-\ Mrs. Lewis D. Cole, chrm . of Socaal Welfare, announced the State ~ " r.,, Conservation Council would hold its annual fall meeting at Mammoth Cave to which members are invited. The work at the Home for Incurables and the spring party at Vaverl y Hills will be continued. Mrs. Saul Ades is chairman of the ~dren' o Home pro:;,egt, assisting Miss Bamberger e ~ each. da to ente tain the c-on ales-e- .r.t • ~nd ar:e the WP has discontinued the toylending project, as Inasmuch . c~ld-l'.ec has written to National regarding the Council's Joseph,Jr., Alfred . Mrs are urged to continue leaving toys at members and plan own toylending and shoes which Mr. Erlen urgently clothing as well as the Federation, solicits. The .4101>or Corps comm. ,reported Mrs. Frank Fleischaker, Jr., chrij}Il, maintained its Monday delivery for the workshop during the summer; helped Mrs. Frank in collecting banks, and coop Prates with the Social Welfare Comm . Several Board members volunteered praise of its unobtrusive but efficient service. Mrs. Ben Wile, chrm, reported 10 members of the Workshop gDoup preparing during the summer for the holiday trade. A recent been have the Evening Group meeting netted some sales, tho the summer at display Club was not a successMrs. Wile gave a detailed statement the at display of the workshop ' s financial status . vlr s. Arthur 1."ling, chrm , of Service to Foreigh Born, announced receipt of ~10 . 00 from~ people who have moved out of the city as return on help from the Comm for their citizenship papers. There were 9 newcomers during the summer. The Nursery Schoo l has 33 registra tions which means a wating list of 15 . It has been possible to tncrease the teacher's salary and she has a NYA assistant. l½ scholarships are donated from the Lesczinsky Fund . Mrs . Handmaker announced an invitation from the Sou~ern Interstate Conference to be held at Tampa,Fla . in Nov . As the Louisville Section is considered by National to belong to the Mideastern Section which holds its meeting in Indianapolis in October, a motion was made & carried that the president be given power to apr oint a committee to acco mpany her to Indianapolis if we are given the privilege of attending that meeting as visitors . This attendance would be at the personal expense of the committee_. The Uatl . Refugee Aid Comm. has to date sent $ 700.00 to the natl,. Council and a letter was sent Mrs. yerson asking that she wjrite toe Louisvi lle Conference directly, requesting the remaining $250 .00 of the J500 .00 they agreed to contribute. The Natl. Council was asked also to con __ act the Louisville Conference so that the y rmy budget annually for their promised '500.00. Members were reminded to continue their pennya-day banks. Corresp0~dence consisted of cards of thanks which will be read at the open meeting. Mrs. Handmaker reported on meetings attended, including the Ky,1tate Miss Jesse Grauman, the Women 's Auxil 'ary of the Louisville with Fair with Mrs . Lewis w. Cole; a talk by Miss Katherine Lenroot Council Safety of the Federal Child We fare Bureau; and the Board of Directors meeting of the Ky . State Federation of Women 's Clubs. At this meeting, following a talk bJ the chairman of Spiritual Values, Mrs . handmaker reque s ted the president to include appreciation and understanding of minority beliefs in her study, and was gratified to find a cooperative & willing res1onse. The Soldier's Suppers for which the USO donates $25 . 00 and each organization $5 to 15 extra will becontinued. The Consumer's League has asked the Council to jo i n, but we can do so on y as individuals, as there is a ruling against join~ng organizations with nationa l treasuries . Adjoatnment followed . Alene B. Nagel Recording s Pcty ) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust and the Ohio Valley, 1920, 1933-1990s Description An account of the resource This collection consists of documents and photographs related to Jewish experiences in the Holocaust and World War II, Jewish American efforts to support refugees, and historical memory of the Holocaust in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. This digitization project is in partnership with the Louisville Ballet's <em><a href="https://www.louisvilleballet.org/a-time-remembered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Time Remembered</a> </em>performance, which marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. <div><br />Holocaust-era family documents center on the Wolff, Levy, and Ackermann families who escaped to the United States from France and Austria, and ultimately settled in Louisville. Passports provide photographs of the family members and track their movements through countries. Letters document their efforts to navigate the administrative barriers to passage, and the tragic fate of relatives who were not approved to leave.<br /><br />Records from the National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section document the organization's activist work in fundraising for and directly serving refugees in the city, and political organizing around national immigration policies and economic boycotts of German-made goods. The collection includes sample correspondence from national organizations and individuals who supported and were against Zionism in response to the violent antisemitism of the Holocaust. <br /><br />The final items in the collection document Holocaust memorial events in the 1990s. Invitations, photographs, scripts, press releases, and articles represent the memorialization work of the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Community Federation of Louisville, <span>Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, and other  organizations.</span></div> <br />This project was generously supported by the Jewish Heritage Fund.<br /><br /><a href="https://jewishheritagefund.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://jewishheritagefund.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" alt="jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" width="306" height="58" /></a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920, 1933-1990s Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. BJ N277a Folder 016 1941-10-09 Title A name given to the resource National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section, Executive Board meeting minutes, October 9, 1941 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Description An account of the resource Four-page minutes for the executive board meeting of the National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section held on October 9, 1941. A summary of the Service to the Foreign Born chair report includes the "receipt of $10.00 from 2 people who have moved out of the city as return on help from the Comm for their citizenship papers. There were 9 newcomers during the summer. The Nursery School has 33 registrations which means a waiting list of 15. It has been possible to increase the teacher's salary and she has a NYA assistant." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-10-09 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century 1940s Subject The topic of the resource National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Jews Jewish women Women Kentucky--Louisville Kentucky--Jefferson County Louisville (Ky.) Immigrants Emigration and immigration Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource minutes Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mss. BJ N277a, Folder 016, National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Records, 1906-2020, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. for other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://Filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/27738c2864c7e1e10e0518b6182cd28b.pdf?Expires=1779926400&Signature=HUGDtBSuAlWPgJYy4NrBCIKQle85dx4IYJFuZqWav41zoJTDww0v0MVLk3zibXByfrVRA2Ad2jE0ixfpvKxPvMuA8hZLY4bDtxmulIBsbtRCaOx-5gXN3rxRgF5vlSCCfdGARfrcXuL2C7AjAtcTE2kUisU2Osd3jCxBYO8BAl8-OkzObMHDRV9VpHj7YQqEiqu3uB9-U8lCFQcM-KVOQPpeamkOfNXA7toEgdQbR9DHc5eWnfJ5Jqyk%7Ez7QXd9l5-PZ1J5BI5f%7EmUxzdVoPrf8sm806MTyKPUriW8vVzN-F73zsc4V53-sBeavJ3p9cghx4xLt8mYLkarqF9UxUiQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 55b0a37aca6e44daff6dc06bbdbd3403 PDF Text Text • s held . C. ~T . P AT1r,11n1 1"'!Pn+i'l1P" of'+ q Louis-rr:i11e S<'lction, ,.,,,,,-3n_,r, A,,rn ?ls+ , 1!1A1 , in + " As e,-,,bl,· rrn11_ of' T0mDle Adsth Israel , • rs . 0 T,..-rm ... r, l-Irnrm ... 1rnr, nrr>s:irlpn+, -i n t:hn Chair . Af'tr--r +,t'l" hlessinf" i:r-iv,,'11 h,· Prs . f11f'n ShPninslr.v , the 1-iospit~lity Com,,.,.;++ee snrvo-4 a lu· C r>On , f'nr v•hich ~rs . Ht>nnmelror thanked ' rs. s . K . B,,rns+n:in , Cnflirri ... n r1rl tho COJ"'IJ'n~t+-0'0 . r,,.., ,,,;nlltes o" th,, '.,re- ,..,.., t j ni,- vo•·n rPA.d and armroved . In + " ahsr>11cP of v,-s . Dnvir1 Se.,P'. , Chei r,pn of the i:ivs end T'efl!lS Co nir1i ttee, 1'rs . T,,.,n :.;1,, r"nor+P " t ri~ l 7 n . on arfopr,n clear8n by the r ff'le, and the six ..,r.; "" inin•1"1"R •·nrn T1TIC'lUncon . '1'•,,r Dr,,~• dr,.-,+ an!1o ince" thn+ 1nn . oo of' +,he A.mount cleared hns been turned t , v t 'lllocf"te" . ""''"'" +,., .Ll r r, rsorv Sc 001 !'\'1'1n +hro mm1 4-,,,e renorts vonld be dj spensed v;" th 'rs. n,,,,:;,.,,., ,,..,r r:if' ,,.,. st!'1tinP' t <i t: TiamJi ,t 1 e . gnvo a brief resume si-nn" ""'ch !'lnn"'3rer1 in +he Anr:i l l3ul 1_e+:in , 1 +hr:: ••0pr's ac+iv-i+-ies . 'rs . C rl Zplln<>r , Trens . s11bmitten the fo lowing report, which wns cc,<>.-,+nn flTH:i r fd'r, rr>rl +o tli Aun5+or: • • • • • • • . • • , 19Z . 10 Bo 1 n'11.CP 0"' enn :i.nGnnpr ... l F11nd ~ rch 17 , 10/1 Rpcr.i;""'\+s • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • 330 . 00 Dishurspmnnts • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,3 . 43 279 . 67 B,,,A'1CE' on 'hnnn jnCenPr n1 Funn A..,ri1 :>l , lf-1111 . . . . . . . . . . Yrc; , Josr>nh Snn.n"r-. , Ass+ . Fin . S,,c'ir . reported 334 me!'l.bersnoid for 19 4 1 . r,,nn nrPSPn en+-.ho Po 10,.,ing tic 'et for election: 'rs . J . 1 • . " irs+ V'ice P "'siaen+ . . . . . . . Hrs . S; L'S "R' . St r . • ·•rs . Robert Sirr1ons . ( to fil unex . tern to Seconrl vice nresinont • . 1942) 'l'r,:,pimrnr . . . . . . . . . . . . 'rs . Cr:i 1 'FielmAn P,..,c0rdi11p- Sec" • . . . . . . . . • ~•rs . Lo11is Na.P-el l'iss Jessie Gruman '1<';'1'1,.,.,C ~n1 "ncret,:,rv • • • • • • ll l{ H ,. , . t C si:; • orr . "'C' • . . . . . . . . 1 rs . Pnrv oenip.: Directors 1~0-44 frs . fax Liuslri Hrs . Sh,.,lh1T1 ~<1llJ1 'rs . J'.{nrbert I tson 'rs. C..,,.1 Znl1nnr ~rrs . 3,..T1 lilE'l {rs . AJ-f're-4Strfl 1ss frs . ~,:i·rin Sol or,,on (to f 11 unPx , term until 19"?) Th,-, Pres-i d!:!n+, s 1,.e for l'r,m_· !'+.ions f'roM the floor . ':'here beinv- none , 'rs . C1,,i:is . 'orris 1"'\0~TP" + + thr> nom·riri+ions be closed and the secrotar, be iy,s+rnc+ . . ,., +,., C"R+ '>nr> hr ot for the ticlret . Secondedand carried . 'li,,,., Prns.; n"11+. , 1-• s . Fann!'1 lrnr thrn ed the o ti;oinf" of.f'icers and members f'..,.,. +1-, ,r ~~-n~-rA'ion ~hie she seid hnd ber>n a so rce of inspiretion to he r. 1'rs. "",11-'1-r:rnDn tlirm1,.erl \.i0 Pros~nent ann sbit8n thnt the success of the Section was rne +" +\.,, PrP.s ··cr->n 1s coop<>re-1.-:ivP snirit and enthus:i. sm . 'rs . C rs . l~0r ri s, Chrd.rT'lPT'I of' the i1Pmor inl F\md rrrnorted that since Anril 1 10,0 '!' e 'G'1lnn has rPc..,.;ve~ ·~06 . nn , of •rhich, 107 . nO was distributed to the Penny Li,nch r.111nr , l"..t . 00 to th .Lesczinslrv "'una , , 41 , 00 to the Jewish Hospitnl and ~~~ . nO +o tho S+tdent Lorn 'und . ''rs . :s+,,11e ·fl11f'r,,on , Cheirm<>n of the Penny Lunch Committee reported on +i,~ c0.-,rliHo,., of' +:he lu,,ch roo111 . "rs . Fr,mk Garlov , CheirmAn of Drives made a ~,,_,. f'nr +: n 1 omeri ' sDj ds:ion of' the r~y . Societ:v f'or the Control of Gand e r. rs. Lawrnr,c8 Gr r:rnrnen, Chairman of Internat · onel Rpla.tions announced the st dy P'r,.,,in ri, 1 c"rrv on d 1r:i!"IP- + e summer . ThP Pres:i dent rnnounced tha+ 'rs . Pr ..,r,:i Sn 1 i l'.'"J"'•m h"S bP..:>n es ,.en to serve on the ationel Contemporary Jevrish 'rs . Sp11iP"TT'!1n sno.::P briefly on the rork of het col'UTl·ttee . /.-"-",,~rs Cn.,,,,.,•++I",., . 'rs. t,.,n 'iln, Chair"M1>n o-" thp Lep.:,s1nt:ivA Co~it+ee anno need the committee •• ,,.,,,,,:i t'TPP + ,:i,,r~n'" +,i,,.. SJMM<"r . rnrl s+:11dv thP nroblem of "The Heolth of the Nation . " J.-, ~rs . Do ..rin Tranh's ohsrnc", rr•1~ou ce.rnent wos rnade of a. play to b8 held II'+ .... ,,, Pl ,:,vho sr- ·,w ?0th hv + P Co11nci1 of Socia A,,.enoies . r~ . S-1-,,,.r; Lpv r :5 s Ch ... ; rm,,n of' f' nnw organ_" za.tion, ~e Auxiliary of Home Snf'i:>+.v Co1ncil , cor,,pris "ni:r :zn C':i+, ann countv clubs and reported on the work of same . ] rs. Lo,,; s Cr,h0n r,11'1'1ounce" e c.,rrl nnr+-r bv B'n i B'rith for the benefit of the k'rr>Sh A~r F,inn, +oh(> hp1d A,.,,.;1_ :nth . �Corresno nr! encP : . An PA for hPln in +h,, nre~en t need from the Americ an Red Cross a and lder Grabfe ''ilton . Hr o"" 1v A no+-p of +h,,nlrs from t'li<> f,,rii n,,+r ,.,.,., +h,,,,,,,c:: frr,'1'1 +hr, fprnilv o"" 1'r . Jos~r,h R. Lew · s . of An-nonncerri,.,nt ,.,., s ma nP of' th,, e.nnnr> 1 luncheo n of the Confere nce fard s Anshei the at 1941 • t t av J 1 a h(>, hp to 011S r.nt:i rr!"a"1i ~ pw· sh • ("lT!1"11 Is • CornTY'\1"'' +v r 0 11s,., . Foreign r!rs . Arthur Trlin!" , Cha.ir'I'lfln of the C orruni ttee on Service to the thanked and tee commit that of vrorlr s vear' Born ,:,vn r> verv C0!'1Pl" te SUlm"IE1rV of' +l-te . p.:iven d h they hel the or r · her •rith r,+-inf"' ,, , , th,,s cn-onc-r ChBirm an, Th,, !11PPtinp- Wfl~him ,turnerl over +.o 'rs . Silas 'I-I . Starr , Progrvm ding Secrer Reco al Nation whn in+rnr'l1•cAd "rs . '~d P'iir ,enners on of Cincinn a+-i, Ohio , c e to Servi of Field the mn l +aru, ;,,i,_,, ailrrnss< >r! +h<> J11PPtinp.: on " liation ol Counci l .,.,rom 1 Counci the of history the traced rs . ! enr'lerso n hrieflv thn ::'nrci rn Born . n Inc . Aid en's Childr Gorl"'an' the wh,r fully ed expl,,in , t PrE!s,.,n i+c:: ;,.,C""'+:io,., +0 t.h.P of field r hesbe<> n rel · noi is ed to make way for a broade ~ n::b: vy~vER ~ ~ , sibilitv resnon ed ,, for<>if"'n born . In or er to meet the increas been has which of 00 . 500 r, , ye , son . no for ' A cominr: +h,- 1"1r,r1 c::rcH", , is t!:'Y"'O leavin?, : 1 ., 000 to ,,11,,+-+-,.,r! +" S,.,c+ion h•r H,P. Confere nce of Jewish 0rgeni zations , •·ill be banks pennv s ' vnar +.h.iril to -"rori nr! collr>c To a"Mon..,+s hr rn ' s,-rl. 11 e not dP e , : e' sentenc frs . "r'lerso n c ose1 w:it the .,._...,,inr! +o +- is f'1.rn0 . " . v sibili+; f'r1+ r 'K. "l" r,....t>,1sr> +;1 0.CCPnt our p.:ravn resnon sever'"l l r::; . C1 .. r"n~l"l Pllrnnn , in Fr.,, . L,i ·if" Fr.,nk ' s absence , re r,r necessa the se · ra to s section 0 x · ,rt x o+; hv 1sr>d r!i -"" r..,.,,+ ,..,,+1 0,ls the or ,,., c · a,"1"1 ,1r>.i11'"' pnrl n.,,r! ... f' ,. . -1 · sc1•ssio n s t;r, + P best. .,,,,,., r-,"1'"'1n+. ' on Sect e t thr. 0 secon and 1iln L90 . ..rs Lo,,;sv illr> Src+"o n, 1 ' or otherw ise ec c 'l)~r ns dons.tio luntar, vo dlso cr,n+" mi,.. -+-h 11s r of' 0n-n,r h n ·s , ~his w s secondn .d and cnr ied . c Forei~n Bor~. +" ~~r Comm·+,+r-,~ on S g P '.MP bPr S j p , p e 'l sent s11nmier and the l"'!eetin ''rs• .,. <indrin ,,,,, r!im1rn" 0 . Rec . i::iecy . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust and the Ohio Valley, 1920, 1933-1990s Description An account of the resource This collection consists of documents and photographs related to Jewish experiences in the Holocaust and World War II, Jewish American efforts to support refugees, and historical memory of the Holocaust in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. This digitization project is in partnership with the Louisville Ballet's <em><a href="https://www.louisvilleballet.org/a-time-remembered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Time Remembered</a> </em>performance, which marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. <div><br />Holocaust-era family documents center on the Wolff, Levy, and Ackermann families who escaped to the United States from France and Austria, and ultimately settled in Louisville. Passports provide photographs of the family members and track their movements through countries. Letters document their efforts to navigate the administrative barriers to passage, and the tragic fate of relatives who were not approved to leave.<br /><br />Records from the National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section document the organization's activist work in fundraising for and directly serving refugees in the city, and political organizing around national immigration policies and economic boycotts of German-made goods. The collection includes sample correspondence from national organizations and individuals who supported and were against Zionism in response to the violent antisemitism of the Holocaust. <br /><br />The final items in the collection document Holocaust memorial events in the 1990s. Invitations, photographs, scripts, press releases, and articles represent the memorialization work of the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Community Federation of Louisville, <span>Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, and other  organizations.</span></div> <br />This project was generously supported by the Jewish Heritage Fund.<br /><br /><a href="https://jewishheritagefund.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://jewishheritagefund.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" alt="jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" width="306" height="58" /></a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920, 1933-1990s Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. BJ N277a Folder 015 1941-04-21 Title A name given to the resource National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section, Annual meeting minutes, April 21, 1941 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Description An account of the resource Two-page, typed minutes for the annual meeting of the National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section held on April 21, 1941. The minutes include a summary of Mrs. Edgar Menderson's presentation on '"National Council in the Field of Service to the Foreign Born." The National Council decided to end the German Children's Aid Inc. "to make way for a broader field of work in service to the foreign born" and increase local sections' financial contributions to the expanded work. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-04-21 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century 1940s Subject The topic of the resource National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Jews Jewish women Women Kentucky--Louisville Kentucky--Jefferson County Louisville (Ky.) Immigrants Emigration and immigration Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource minutes Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mss. BJ N277a, Folder 015, National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Records, 1906-2020, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. for other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://Filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/ https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/3cf3612bf17139621d0c0f6f61659376.pdf?Expires=1779926400&Signature=tMFhT0BwOho5rd9iHe3e5yC2Q%7EUZfJX5ZpCUr38jB--SK4kVFCSC8ZhlcXTsVx3wClTTUhbEpBwGurMaAOeBbuYxpoN-LLsCLBeEuS3NDEYiF8PPUA8rlf4%7Ew7z0qm6G2I9cD3KTDRI5tvnwJQVvvAlGrRv2C12J1vkvfpZBz05dwSrCnmOZk960fLT-H8MLzx5i7z%7EU5tyKydvLZc5XlivUzh2A8V7j%7ElTUpVYplOsXdg5VZ08LrZHnSsGd77cSovh%7ESXp59Rd2Hb2cOeUHWnFdgojWwhJdxnr3T%7EnoNah1J-mm6y%7EckBf3-cTmJAuZMF2Hnj3wAl4JcRTxbV9otQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 96d2a50f799ccea960145bd34839e8f5 PDF Text Text Re port of the Nursery School - February, 1941 The purposes of too Nursery School, as operated at the Jewish Children's Home , 1135 South 1st Street, by the Joint Connnittee of the Council of Jewish omen, and the Jewish Welfare Federation, are based on the latest developments in the knowledge of children, and their needs . It bas been said that the foundation of personality is already firmly established by the time tba child reaches primary school age . Assuming this to be only partially true, the importance , of providing suitable opportunities for personal growth for children under the age of 6 is obvious . Public School systems thru Kinder- gartens accept children from the age of 5 and some few have lowered this to include children of 4 because of falling enrollments . However, generally speaking, the public schools have not yet acc~pted the obligation of providing adequately supervised learning opportunities for children 2½ to 5 years of age . As in the case of tbe development of public schools for older children, the values to be derived probably will have to be demons t rated by private schools for a considerable time . The modern nursery school is a combination nursery and school as tbs name implies. It offers the child the good physical care of the good old-style day nursery, plus the opportunities for learning , social adjustment, creative experience, and personality gro~~h. Play is the child ' s work . It is thru supervised play that the child is helped to establish basic habits of work, friendliness , order, etc; that is, is helped to develop his own abilities in relation to other people . The teacher of this type of school must ba.ve special skills . Increasing tre confidence of the child in his own ability and at the same time developing the ability to cooperate constructively with other children is no easy task. The teacher helps the de - velopment of routine habits such as washi ng , eating, sleeping , �- 2 - toilet habits which should be performed with a minimum of attention . Conventional habits of courtesy are taken as a matter of course, and soon are adopted by the children who learn more by example than by being told what to do. uentering attention on The teacher uses her knowledge of children, worthwhile behavior, ignoring negative be- havior, using authority only when necessary in cases of anti-social behavior, disturbing the group or other children, or when children are in danger and above all remaining ca lm and collected under all situations no matter how trying they might be (for that is how the child learns that calnmess is more effective than anger . ) At the risk of boring you, this brief background of nursery school principles has been recited in order to emphasize that the most important function of too nursery school is what it does for the child as well as the release of the mother for other activities such as work, social opportunities, and physical betterment . Some parents cannot afford tm tuition of expensive private nursery schools and do not want to use second-rate cheaper schools operated on nonprogressive and non-constructive lines. Of course, many, if not most, parents still set public school entrance age as the time to send children to school. Because of this parents themselves are reluctant to use exi sting facilities for younger children, particularly if it means inconvenience in terms of taking the child to school and bringing him home . We have found that in the instances where the child most needed the experience provided at the school, the parents were least aware of this need, and in some cases antagonistic to the idea. parents is an important part of the work of slow process . Education of the the school. This is a Mother's meetings now being held regularly is one step in thi s direction; another consists of individual conferences with mothers and fathers . Actual demonstration of the school is the most successful means of teaching what it accomplishes with �- 3 childre n. All are encour aged to visit and see it in operat ion . As sone of you know, tm school was started as a result of an initia l letter sent to the Jewish Welfare Federa tion by the fore sighted and connnun ity- niinded Americ anizati on Commi ttee of the Louisv ille Sectio n of the Nation al Counci l of Jewish ~,omen , Chair.:A -- man , Mrs . Selma Kling , and Vice-C hairma n, Mrs . Kather ine Bottig he i mer . This letter reads in part, 0 I t has been brough t to the attenti on of the Americ anizati on commit tee ••• that a distin ct need bas arisen for a nurser y school to serve section s of the city ' s popula tion in which the Counci l has a natura l intere st . school would serve : This 1 . Pre-sch ool childre n living in the South- Centra l part of the c ty to whom other nurser y schools are not availab le . 2. Childr en whom social worker s have recommended and who are not being cared for by any other nurser y school . 3 . Immigr ant childre n of pre - school age who will use the school in learnin g Englis h and genera l orient ation. • • • • There is availab le a trained nurser y school teache r whom the Counci l is willing to sponso r in the establ sbment of the above describ ed school if the Jewish Welfar e Federa tion sees fit to accede to the f ollowin g reques t : That the Counci l of Jewish Women be permit ted to use the facilit ies of the playroo m, small dining room, lavato ry and outdoo r playgro und with equipm ent of the Jev1ish Childr en's Home . The 8ounci l expect s to meet any additio nal expens e incurre d in the prepar ation of lunche s for tm childre n plus a per capita sum to the Home to cover the cost of food • • • • • The locatio n of the HonB and the facili ties afford ed are so ideal and invest igation has r evealed an urgent and increa sing need in this community for this type of service . We believe that vrith your co- �- 4 operation a l"eal service can be rende l:'ed the connnunity • •• " This letter is truly worthy of the fine tl"adition s of social service developed by the Louisvill e Section r£ tbe National Council of Jewish Women . The willingne ss to pioneer in a com- paratively new field cannot be praised too highly. Continued negotiatio ns between the Council and Federatio n led to establishm ent of a Joint Committee to operate the Nursery School with the agreement that the Federatio n would provide tbe space and general facilities arrl the Council would meet any expenses in excess of the tuition fees. The initial nursery school equipment was to be furnished by the Council . On February 5 , 1940, the Nursery School was opened with brave hopes for the future . really too soon to tell . tremendou sly. Hgve these hopes become realities? It is We know we have helped individua l children In our opinion, this makes the school worthwhil e . We know we ba.ve helped some mothers to undel:'stan d better the needs of their children . Working mothers have been relieved of worry about theil" children' s care . We have helped children shy and uncertain when they entered school to become confident and self-asse rtive . We have helped children to learn to get along with other children, to engage in cooperativ e undertaki ngs, to eat properly, to dress themselve s, to use their abilities in c r eative experienc e in painting, clay modeling, block buil ing, music and rhythm, to speak English. The school is open from 9 to 2 :30 daily from Monday thru Friday. The children play and work indoors and outdoors , rest , have fruit juice an:l cod liver oi l , listen to music and rhythms, tell stories , have discussion s , eat lunch arrl have a two hour nap, milk and crackers and dress themselve s to go home . is followed carefully . Each child's developme nt Children have and use their own clothes cupboard am shelf for pe:rsonal belonging s such as cup and comb. �A tuition fee of $1 . 75 per week was charged the first semester from February to June. There was no school during the SUil1Iller . Since September 9, when too 2nd semester started, a tuition fee of $2 . 00 per week ms been charged. Originally it was thought tba.t a maximum at- tendance of 10 children daily was all that could be accommodated . After the schoo+ had been in existence several months, the Connnittee then decided that tbs attendance should be enlarged to 15, for with adequate space ar.d facilities it seemed that more children should be given the opportunity to benefit from this training . maximum attendance ms not been attained . As yet this we believe that the school is still in a period of development and tbat success with thEfhildren we have will bring new enrollments . in a few instances. This has already been demonstrated Tentative applications have been made for several children when they reach the Nursery School age. transportatio n is a difficult one . The problem of Children in other neighborhood s would come if transportatio n could be arranged. The committee is still working for a solution of this problem. From February to June 1940, there was an enrollment of 18 different children who c ame for varying lengths of time. From September thl'u December, 16 different children were enrolled. The major reasons for the enrollment in the spring semester were as follows {some children are listed under two reasons) Social and personality adjustment - 12 {This means the parents wanted the children to learn personal habits, play with other children, etc.) Poor neighborhood and playmates - 2 Speak English - 3 Working mother - 8 Health problem - 3 In the fall semester these were as follows: Social and personality adjustment - 7 �- 6 - Poor neighborhood and playmates - 2 Working mother - 6 Health problem - 2 Children who left school, did so for the following reasons: Entering 1st grade public school - 1 Entering kindergarten - 4 Lack of transportation - 3 Temporary enrollment due to illness of parents - 2 Each instance in which we have helped children is. a separate story. A few will serve to illustrate : J . entered school at the age of 4 in February, 1940 . Her mother, who has been very cooperative in carrying out plans for J . helped in the family store . The neighborhood in which the family lived was chiefly colored. When J . first came to school, she was shy and had a strong feeling of insecurity. She had trouble dressing herself , refused to talk with people she did not know well, was a feeding and sleeping problem at home . She now has lost most of her shyness, eats well , sleeps better and takes care of herself completely. She is much more sure of herself and is ready to start in kindergarten. This case is typical of several others, shy, uncertain, ill-at-ease , with feelings of inferiority who have been helped considerably at school . A scholarship case is R. who entered school for a short tim in May and then returned this fall . standards. R. is 3½- years old , from a home of poor He had no playmates and no possibility for outdoor play when first admitted. Since then the family have moved to better quarters . R. is a very nervous overactive child , very rough in his behavior. At home he has no restrictions and practically all the timeo gets his own way His mother is lazy and does not want to be bothered carrying out any plans for him. Until transportation thru a friend was arranged, she did not bothar to send him even tho be was very anxious to go and she was anxious to have him go . R. needed to �- 7 learn how to get along with other children , presenting numerous pro- blems of social adjustment and cooperation. ·jumping from one thing to anothel:'. He was very flighty , He is now much quieter and able to stick to one thing for a longer period of time . He still needs close supervision as he easily hurts himself and others. without help at this time, he would present a serious problem by the time he got to public school. Several of the children present this type of problem. Their best help can come at this early age . The cases of most interest to the Council are, of course, those of the refugee children attending the school . c. a 4 year old boy attended school in February as a scholarship case shortly after his arrival in this country. leader and well adjusted child . and American ways . He was a natural He needed help in learning English He learned in an amazingly quick period of time and now attends kindergarten where he is doing extremely well . K. is a 3 year old scholarship girl who entered school in February, 1940. She was a baby in every respect when she started school baving been accepted at too earliest admiss~on age. She would not eat un- less fed by someone, she could not dress herself, she spoke no English and practically none was spoken at home . Now she She was shy and timid . takes care of herself completely , feeds herself , dresses her- self, speaks English, ms a mind of her own, assumes responsibilities , and can be considered a normal happy 3 year old . M. is now a 4 year old child who entered school in February, 1940. She was otll' most serious !ll'Oblem at the time of her admission. She and her family have been thru some rather terrifying experiences and the effects on her were particularly marked. frightened , insecur e and unsure of herself . to doing anything by or for herself . She was extremely She was not accustomed She refused to talk ( even in German) am would lie on the floor or stand in the co:rner for an �- 8 - entire morning . She was afraid of other children . slightest protest she would pennit other children away f !'om her . 7fithout the to take things If another child so much as looked in her direction , she ro uld s brink and hide in a co rner . plays by herself a good deal . Now she is still quiet and However, she plays with other children occasiona lly, arrl enjoys it . She builds very well and likes to tell tbe other children what s he has built (which is part of the school program); sbe tolls stories at story time, telling about her summer vacation, things at home , and sometimes mentions the country f r om which she came . She speaks English well . would consider her a good pup i l who gets along well . We we believe the scbool has saved her from many serious personali ty difficult ies . These cases are enough to illustrate the work of the school and its beneficia l effects . In addition, the teacher at the . School is a German refugee who obtained kindergar ten training in Germany and additiona l nursery school training in this country. We feel that the provision of employmen t for b.Gr tbru the establishm ent of the Nursery school is in line with the aims of the Council in relation to work with New Americans . This fine work of t he school bas cost the Council to January 1st, 1941 as f ollows: $107 . 00 approxima tely for capital outlay to get the school started . This includes all major equipment not at the Home orig inally, and will not have to be replaced . lf, ;{$ 63 . 55 scholarsh ips February to June scholarsh ips September to .J~l:la-r., ~ ,....,,~-·~" Scholarsh ips i 54-.41 0 4~ •.9& Operating deficit of school to ~fiQ~-...a. ir ~ ... / · , A~.;5$~ Total cost to Council of school to J_anu,ap 1st in excess ·1 of original capital outlay. C) _ .-00. I l}t,S~ ~ . - - A present the operating expenses of the school are per week : Salary of teacher •••••••••• ••••••••o $12. 50 N.Y.A. girl carfare ••••••••• •••••••• 1. 00 (approxim ately) �- 9 - Food@ 10¢ a meal ••••••••••••• ••••••• $ 6 . 00 (approximate ly) Incidentals •••••• ••• ••••••••••••• •••• . 50 $2o.W These figures would vary according to the number of children at tend ing school and obtaining meals . 20 Figuring approximatel y two wee k semesters, the budget for the school for this period would be apprad.mately $800.00. We are asking the Council for a definite allocation of $100. 00 for each of these two semesters which will total $ 200 . 00 to carry the Nursery School to February , 1942 . remainder will be provided by the tuition at the School. The The money allocated by the Council will be used to provide scholarships for children who other-wise could not attend the school . Preference for scholarships , as in the past , will be given to refugee children. Report submitted by JffiINm COMMITTEE OF THE COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN AND TI-IE J EW I SH WELFARE FEDERATION t Mrs . M1~ . VMrs • Mrs . Mrs . _ Mrs . l Mrs . 1 Mr . Edgar Bottigheimer lbl' w David Johan \ L. W. Cole ,~~~ ·' J Arthur Kling \ S. H. Starr Hugo '.i1aust1ne David Traub Alexo.nder w. Er Mr s . Herman Handmaker, Ex Officia l ( Mr . Victor Burger, Ex Officio) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust and the Ohio Valley, 1920, 1933-1990s Description An account of the resource This collection consists of documents and photographs related to Jewish experiences in the Holocaust and World War II, Jewish American efforts to support refugees, and historical memory of the Holocaust in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. This digitization project is in partnership with the Louisville Ballet's <em><a href="https://www.louisvilleballet.org/a-time-remembered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Time Remembered</a> </em>performance, which marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. <div><br />Holocaust-era family documents center on the Wolff, Levy, and Ackermann families who escaped to the United States from France and Austria, and ultimately settled in Louisville. Passports provide photographs of the family members and track their movements through countries. Letters document their efforts to navigate the administrative barriers to passage, and the tragic fate of relatives who were not approved to leave.<br /><br />Records from the National Council of Jewish Women, Louisville Section document the organization's activist work in fundraising for and directly serving refugees in the city, and political organizing around national immigration policies and economic boycotts of German-made goods. The collection includes sample correspondence from national organizations and individuals who supported and were against Zionism in response to the violent antisemitism of the Holocaust. <br /><br />The final items in the collection document Holocaust memorial events in the 1990s. Invitations, photographs, scripts, press releases, and articles represent the memorialization work of the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Community Federation of Louisville, <span>Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, and other  organizations.</span></div> <br />This project was generously supported by the Jewish Heritage Fund.<br /><br /><a href="https://jewishheritagefund.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://jewishheritagefund.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" alt="jhfe-logo-leftaligned-color@2x.png" width="306" height="58" /></a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920, 1933-1990s Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. BJ N277a Folder 015 1941-02 Title A name given to the resource Report of the Nursery School, February 1941 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joint Committee of the Council of Jewish Women and the Jewish Welfare Federation (Louisville, Ky.) National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Jewish Welfare Federation (Louisville, Ky.) Description An account of the resource 9-page, typed report on the Nursery School operated by the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW), Louisville Section and the Jewish Welfare Federation of Louisville, Kentucky. The document begins with the need for, purpose, and principles of the "combination nursery and school" for "children 2 1/2 to 5 years of age." It outlines how Selma Kling and Katherine Bottigheimer of the NCJW Americanization Committee spearheaded the creation of the school in part to serve "Immigrant children of pre-school age who will use the school in learning English and general orientation." The school opened on February 5, 1940. The report profiles the initial behavior and improvements of some of the students, including three refugee children. The document notes that "the teacher at the School is a German refugee who obtained kindergarten training in Germany and additional nursery school training in this country. We feel that the provision of employment for her thru the establishment of the Nursery School is in line with the aims of the Council in relation to work with New Americans." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-02 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th century 1940s Subject The topic of the resource National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Jewish Welfare Federation (Louisville, Ky.) Jews Jewish women Women Kentucky--Louisville Kentucky--Jefferson County Louisville (Ky.) Children Education Immigrants Emigration and immigration Jewish refugees Refugees Schools World War, 1939-1945 Germans Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource report Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mss. BJ N277a, Folder 015, National Council of Jewish Women. Louisville Section Records, 1906-2020, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. for other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Property rights in the collection belong to The Filson Historical Society. The Filson Historical Society can provide high-resolution scans of original source materials from its holdings for non-commercial and commercial use. To learn about this process, visit https://Filsonhistorical.org/collections/order-reproductions/