1 20 234 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/d742fb8c39b3dd80bfc9fd0694642d84.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=m8RQwl5uFpaLY4gUaZIdCqhibvzVXW73W4wM7laaqI8mhpsQRunqftfUbcGp5LR8hTnj2RO1%7EF7n2ipR-9ifwR5iH4mMXFXxJUvCP-ou8KNG1wwLEnyQHEzdEMkefUWZF7dWJFUk3CAKvqvMjmmpRbv1I-oldfgMLkWtaa04psVlZBbGhUTb4G9uDHv2VYnAIBMd3sjzVNpqHfBWhPzzuWr9ntxQtPgZP1fA2pnorAJsMfiM2ZHICMUy1ZvkAr1cgjSsIfiPf79s%7EE7kKiMQlgBq0domes0a30Qns8KiMfdwYkqUFdX5CYw7CtxLzsPbgOlY%7EZ-mm0GhCTWP7%7EqAZg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f9a7cd8e25c58d1d78162c08884bd917 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/512798978dd7a5b91e18cbfe13f7905a.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=PCp87AqwKBP3Z5ytzVkXNXyFIF5HNuIOGVYMWBnhSPqCttF2fNJr57zCbiTc5qD01DRxYIvWM%7E0PSxj8MY5dg00vpe1moLZUq-Alx-C6TwLjnCQ3Lr9pzfHIsvPed%7E00LmngQQxov1qh5A6XVPxjvosRpsE53kXjb9TRBjW4nkZV60AnXK8AedNDZVBl8xSAMEDnWpKwd58Hvxi0CVCho5YuFuf2ek-eHijidOi9ju21RODM8wm2ND1bt-iKv6p-uk6VzofLkjgLb9Lft90YRpPR379SDXEay1aN8aYRxZEesNMW5fsW5B1%7EcHONmkqqyBBlSDOlSFZtERkf3SLFZQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3a64a9e54b1daa5cd140564689c70934 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Eleanor Clark, 9 February 1798 Subject The topic of the resource Quilts Quilting Description An account of the resource Letter from Eleanor E. Clark requesting the recipient to use the enclosed linen to make a border for a bed quilt. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clark, Eleanor E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Clark Family Papers (1780-1833), Filson Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1798-02-09 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. A C592c f6 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1790s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource letter Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text bed quilt linen quilting textiles Women https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/766deb85ab92336b1718b724c226aa37.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=CpX3CWSX588R2yvNJ7fX6cDkCLfEZzQo7CM9glwlg4OcltusEw%7EvsH0GzlFhWyHQU3ejXCwfY3pku6%7EYTwPZLLsB7qPY5npntAV-wC%7EIZdL8%7E5Aijwh1nD58gfcWo%7EEUmrKv1pWvy8EvQm9irLO%7EKwkNwaJpBi6lPD423jHp%7ETiYkVaP373a2c%7Ef3AZkmg8uiW1tPAcGpmwC2iRjJaCLY%7EqCCKANBokHpceEWYT9sKUG6AUE8mGkqyz57jLb6o%7EYYfYOTvNUHQBR6fDXo7Lo9VEU02STCjFyxRnhVe6YN5lPf%7EkOhgUdOOcd1yLvfhPJNwYRgu6jqBgEt1ZBpdFu-A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4894fde2844dd09e22495ab5ebcb19ef Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Field notes for a survey in Jefferson County, Kentucky, 1786 Description An account of the resource Field notes and plat of a survey done in Jefferson County, Kentucky, by George May. Taken from George May's survey book. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource May, George Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1786 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource May, William Cox, Isaac May, John Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. BL S963 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1780s Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Jefferson County Rolling Creek survey surveying https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/ca730abfc3373175d24e731350e0c709.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=auAI3xDOVA8%7Eg1vgfnufuAcN0DGBZc5hPcI08-7yZMQhy7cR-rs67uyNid8e6O7oNC7J5iLL5ZCR6BISD5mj%7Ec0GuNkvfulq2qwqWlal3PKtIRBBrmfhIFfZcOyJchg9GjS0JwrL3pztCmqzI8pyRAy28ThzESXQ35JKzr4eXmLiTcaOgkLwmJ0AsAiX%7Ewz57uU92cyaNVgURr1Zzy6gtdt9%7EYH2XkkaNoqO72-8E6cXl9k7zb7tIMGupwqDHwKRasCz-V-Uk4ptaM6i4FV8DK4ooWmscD1n0iF5O2ccyDA3YC5fLZYGf6EBFqsy-gx6dQqAX-xAhcPZbmbtU0L2Sw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9b0d2d9e2ab26d81bf4105e5f4907ef2 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/bca2d2e7bb4d170eb8abfcd328c351a7.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=L2xvP2Ggbpp8XwDqHjhkvc0AFslnJETKNrRI7q8eWzRmNG8NmeeCf2qogRAjijrc9a5fd3p3qzBo01OcHQCzSbCiKVA72-BTmPjlJAFs08t66JHbmMsSUZeVecXEv22oqP5IvO5fsz3fgiXo5ejqj3DqPs8KYiGE%7EHnfufPkTS6MWZZZ-cVFpwe%7E0F0GbqwIbHmyKRSwmFyUnpmofNZCYmXoUHK3%7EarAN5mmNQM%7E5mUM0xXQ8iFZG45AszRa6Y7OTXCIrwA65vWBQkS6gxA2H8b0VvH8QKEV8VQZmTN2miUV3ayteWgoLKlHRbGWkj4uc0Vh6tQB-SKbIuw1Qw%7ElRg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a47117ea4e7ded3f50c27e41c374f897 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/83b30715da622d849d4f8a3de8f4ec99.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=vvQj9a3TPhnK95ruFmnEf5OA-4I8P69UlRIag5UE0jHM1fkQelzK1igKsBbhJRZ2JDrrKsYXcvtH%7E577s2U59kxuSlzrDJpB2Gqlorr7u8mjVkXgt0LIkCstHlFmwSo84o64nvR%7EqgmiXA1qxc6tAMRmSq4S8dLPmRixB0c8qJMNQdTwIdZSHQZy0TZggz2ux%7ED-Q2OoD6dc9EdAuKTjiOQ0Hy5GHeyhernnFLCZYJKpwtjHzo4yNXM6JyFFeHCAH%7Eg4gJIz6xZBkpe88WMYKtuSAGWcm34%7Ez53Mb4cMX2Uf739Mwe4e%7EPCHlJE8iu0-awkcNN4nUaV5du9A6-l1CA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f460a435a3a38d0de49c2f0bc74f7575 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/fbe6c2777eb1303f29e60fdef65faea1.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=fM-pXGVO76cvBEWf9WIoYGzjxvVAw4%7EMxc4Pi8Jj%7E5e9y1hE0d9jOLUVfOkAaKUFdwajTirUh9nHq2DkSJYqrBTCPRoER5jK%7EV1sgBpy5H%7EDLdFLGofRwbStv1sIyajshz6rh05UaHM-g5HgssP4XdYom2d7y%7EYjYpiKRsbO7GxjcelEzBh58BA-QyI0BQaE2uYO4OyV-6RhP2xQ77N-DxFIF0lPk-GFOUvdvST-Gbmm6CV8Tpk1JHwLWmX1V6kCRv5fSLNIUO%7ENMfc-xcrJXU5rXU7l26qwWs9bYwkBor-3mPnwqsXI3drICNYLiIjJTaPr247pSsvci-7G5CgiEA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 671a3de55b76b96eda0c54e5a392b1f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Joseph Bowman to Isaac Hite, 14 June 1779 Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783 Description An account of the resource Bowman's letter to Isaac Hite discusses trade with New Orleans, the abundance of money at Kaskaskia, British and American troops in the northwest, and a message he wrote that was not received because the messenger was killed at the Falls of the Ohio. Bowman gives a detailed description of the retaking of Vincennes in February 1779 by the Americans led by George Rogers Clark. Bowman mentions guns, military stores, and Native-American goods captured by Clark's men, and notes the Virginia Assembly's indifference to the western territory. Bowman died not long after writing this letter from wounds received during the retaking of Vincennes several months earlier. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bowman, Joseph Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society Manuscript Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1779-06-14 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mss. C B Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1770s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource letter Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text American Revolution falls of the ohio Letters militia money New Orleans Northwest trade Vincennes Virginia Assembly western territory https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/3aa0566c5161cf95fdaa421cdf31ac60.JPG?Expires=1779321600&Signature=kmQFgfellBEekc0%7EsTmFVQTRxX1XAusq8froQVQq2NZiUZI6tqZawbe9VyaECv6Ac4DvKpTqtAYB1hh2xzeD3iIizII-TfyjiK1bm2VNvvA-GgMGQ6t0RjExcI%7EKgYTEkzzAm84HdpVw2m5Q%7EEciOPCr%7EyAvf7s86rEMMJh8bRaffzHD9iLu-EPqzyMjPTRyqw9-ywVxcKp3HjNKwLoZitcxK6aAS0oGmPh7k8VPvduQ-VcsgL-4yBKbislvyh2r2ZDr%7EgWZbAi%7ExVNGUHDzK564BH54QnTzP1az1gm5iFC%7EatbrtyUgj4x4b3SA3UW9kPdpCfbTqiXRg20-d7WEyQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 544bb281ae848d61dc0dfbca1d0311d0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hank of wool Description An account of the resource Hank of wool from Buchanan, Kentucky. Sheep were among the early domesticated animals brought to Kentucky. Home production of wool increased during the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 due to trade embargos. Free and enslaved women prepared and spun the wool into a usable yarn. They used the yarn for knitting, or it was taken to a professional weaver (free or enslaved person) who turned it into cloth. Wool was often woven with cotton or hemp in early Kentucky textiles. Approximately 4/12 lbs. of spun wool were needed to make a single blanket. Wool cloth was also sewn into clothing by women. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1790 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource wool Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1790s clothing domestic life textiles wool https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/c13179a799a487cc8492c2f72b70ca40.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=IUJcNv0HdwfWc6QQku0DcWiKFv3BMNEdgmoTteoguZdzVe4qU%7ELZGLJTnimXK6mjmHpYFYfDGcESo2KBMi7fBMv6MPWhZSZ%7ESFjkWFgM94D4winvY2MkTOIlNpFcETHN2vKjvkyPJlTIiRrQX2uSrQVpHwlGBAxvHAgKjDHvOMMhpwtbqUv48Y-XIs0Hi6vNACdjoTvmkjr1G4XaQK8yoCFhjWVQAkxnP4Aanf2d5JcMixJ8A6cwUJD9XmNJzmd0Gyix21TeU9s3pzLPkoCYaS6B0kr5QGA58YcyGI8o9zTCVL8C%7Ez0NYf7qTTrvVmEk9pc4vHzHziHzqtOmfFVidA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fb601ec37db1864a6ea4a71651c59afa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Textile shuttle, circa 1800 Description An account of the resource Shuttles were textile tools designed to carry and move yarn back and forth through the warp which in turn creates cloth. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1800 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Shuttle Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 1800s 18th century domestic life Shuttle Textile Textile tools https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/00f1facda7afd6d59d8bfc0341a19765.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=kDHU0D--hgfeKC3DlL5SrGTARAEZuaD8t1hUDarsiHZZQtrIAGooYvxKkkM%7EVI07LTFZQs8dioyjWm8cgomJNcBIxzcDLOroQdqgEgN8DTOeeSF8EM7QjtAt0cxqiEJMdmjHtrLMJma7ICv3MbHCrcR1CW3YQ-01FLFVig4Lrkl9umM23rsubHo2z3trkcUAcRuXX6nNzZ0B5UemBljNIF-p-2DUTrFgCTvwAFZRgFuZs8yLkdNrehbnoQL0Q%7EBl-jHUgDm8QUbVSbQhO6YU06--oUjk1K5x%7EHhKpWoMAt5u5WlGYcQgT5u9ByLzS%7Eu7ASrUnKNEI-K8N3tohcU1xw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3ad30d281f6da2c4643d78810e5b3a52 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Weaving reed, circa 1800 Description An account of the resource Weaving reeds are a part of weaving looms that are used to separate and space the warp threads, which guides the shuttle’s movement across the loom and pushes weft threads into place. Reeds were interchangeable and different reeds were used to make different types of fabric. Despite many family narratives that claim female ancestors wove the textiles, generally weaving was a profession for men. However, there were exceptions, and in the Kentucky frontier there is evidence that enslaved men and women were also skilled weavers. More likely, the fiber was cultivated and harvested on the family farm. It was then prepared and spun into yarn by women who then turned it over to trained weavers who made it into cloth, which might be finished at home or sewn into clothing. In the early 20th century, during a revival of frontier craft, weaving became a skilled craft dominated by women. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1800 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource weaving reed Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century 1800s domestic life Textile Textile tools Weaving Reed https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/1d37a9e6995e5135120eea85b94581cf.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=vYo4E-u2qwuNjiet%7Espn0k7--Q2hdHvvThc%7Epxf%7EjhbYri9-rSodHNi1UlzmD1NvQpZ%7ErLd10qWTiGvqBCQ%7E3VTeoMDs1UV0KVYub%7Ef7uPOI%7EzxN01OW7nIzlmRszcFwSFRykRpPi7kVZ4FyCY%7ECFHiqAaBG5CkijeVF2qZCpUEKPpCkIR272M3b-JoQeonnN2dn2BBs2ggqBe6MfhKBo13uJ72QXoECZBFD3osxSgSzCNdpvdfQ9LmGccse5jUZ9IiRrjtLPkdLPgh2Rt5ON-iBpXPfBCFUz3Rk3bHR4tQm3u40XyS0ORFMoaloUzs5gr4OWe%7EVWmrmd5bEdHQuAg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 328a9f56c06ae8b11e707a4a0fdb3f78 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spinning wheel belonging to the Slaughter Family, circa 1800 Description An account of the resource This spinning wheel is said to have belonged to Caldweller Slaughter who came to Kentucky as early as 1787. It could also have come from the family of one of his wives. His first wife, Margaret Ransdell Slaughter, died in 1786. Some sources indicate he may have remarried Mary Fowke who died a few years later (unverified). He then married Lucy Slaughter in 1790. Slaughter owned 200 acres in the area today known as Cherokee Triangle in Louisville. Spinning wheels were crucial to early pioneer families. Generally, weaving was a professional occupation for men, and in Kentucky was also done by enslaved men and women. Spinning on the other hand, was a woman’s task and was done in between gardening, milking, preserving crops, cooking food, making/mending clothes, doing laundry, and rearing children. Fiber was painstakingly cultivated, processed, and spun on the family farm and then taken to a community weaver to be made into cloth, which might be finished at home or sewn into clothing. Approximately 3 lbs. of spun flax or 4/12 lbs. of spun wool was needed to make a single sheet or blanket. Spinning wheels, for some American women, were more than just tools and were also political statements. Prior to the American Revolution, and then during the embargos of the War of 1812 some colonial women (particularly in New England) hosted and participated in 'Spinning Bees' to create yarn and thread to boycott English-made goods. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1996.5.1, Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1800 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Tool Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1996.5.1 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 19th century 18th century Cloth domestic life Textile Tools https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/29e4cfdba1f2e221b9063d94d7829fd5.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=J7EvvXonqPug3wv-IzAI48JfmRVJOpciEr54z5p7VgIO1z2DtqvezsuNJEARCssda-XHEOqamAx798Ui14xABdFWpVAvYJaVrAaev7qJDmHrz5gKjsFGi529veUUZ-y-usNwz2K0byCfnYHbMrK54XfU7we6KCqSG03nc5ywJ6fm507uXL2JnQomFsNfj%7E0rhgi00K6eDMarvdRNas%7Ea2KwqAiWXnD1CxwZU5AL%7EL5legLYKVFwwSrJWX7cqR4Em7ZNHHYu86AwSZzSkLO-FO-B0l1%7EL9Nur45I5N5Sl8SyqV4ij-KAPSyI%7EDkyHwbJNJVSHW-I09JmobOTYMNo-vg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ac93946896cb534bfed78fbee285d1f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flax Paddle, circa 1800 Description An account of the resource Flax paddles were used for scutching, part of the process for 'dressing' flax, or getting it prepped for spinning. The paddles separated the hard stocks from the useable fiber underneath. It took 4 months to grow flax from seed. It was beaten with the paddle until fibers could be pulled by hand through a hatchel to separate the fibers, which were then bundled and hung for drying to prepare them for spinning. Flax is one of the oldest cultivated crops in the world. It was an important crop during the colonial and early frontier era. Until the invention of the cotton gin, flax was easier to harvest and process. In Kentucky, it was commonly used in handwoven household linens. Historians estimate that families needed about ¼ to ½ acre of flax per person in a household. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1956.7.2, Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1800 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource tool Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1956.7.2 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century 1800s domestic life flax textiles Tools https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/48e5ef8fe13754a1e3760aef1709acd8.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=Pdot9D35nkygYs6npd0%7EebvZdPNL4Je8j3QL%7EvZFuyCNdN8qUL%7EDR6AITeBVnCCH3t-PSbj7EPRkvMcAVoTUgvrTooy8RxdGEB1Qu3UqxrVYfhaiHlLZYMMLl4se7pbaO7Y9FQMuXLjCbMp9A5ACITJxI1ifrOU8FTCC2a5LZZNNVqBFvUn1ysMQeqsMArTUdWDFIfgpc-XVPfXKdKe23KFAyBhaKOCfitoQ24dPAX7CCOapTYYNX1DTi6gPinTsL0t%7EvKtDHmynBSbzP51XOAG3jLZT77S14nYQ4hM6z0t2s7l237XANuj2aIQiNx0Efi731WFVBCp2x3bhxJsjzw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a0f711e7b94a8fb07c53c6423904e9f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flax hackle, circa 1800 Description An account of the resource Flax hackle. Flax was a significant crop during the colonial and frontier eras. It was harvested to make linen and flaxseed oil. Hackling was one of several steps used to release fiber from the flax plant. Fibers were pulled through different-sized combs, working from coarse to fine. Home production of flax increased during the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 due to trade embargoes. Free and enslaved women prepared and spun the flax into a usable yarn that was woven into sheets, blankets, and clothing. Surplus textiles and clothes were sold locally and sent down the Ohio River via flatboats to the Port of New Orleans. Historian Hazel Yearsley Shaw noted that in 1810-1811, during nine months, 8,140 yards of country linen passed through the falls of the Ohio River. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1978.4.22, Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1800 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource tool Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1978.4.22 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century 1800s Subject The topic of the resource Agricultural implements Flax industry domestic life farming livestock Textile wool https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/d02d7dfab2a6701337829fea06290c5c.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=PyP47WKMW1FLzu751fgpFUgGNMNKepUY0cGesF-Z5KPGpsu9dcEXzUHDYrpRiWHb%7EcjYR8dvNIFb6Andq%7ENSxTWwV049eqVP5JAlUhVZTLsN0nX6cPCxZYJ-oUPoib84Izh4QZDmIMVycLYSOqAeFMnUGZTER0%7EHLEWqZI2IAPhuwDIdoOcEM18PCkSwaAaQhyA%7ERAJLL8WiCwFq0hUD-UX6lvsXm5UWXlwxwJWDJhvD0pziOAdSNSyYas3WSC7ult6883P6gDJ7ZwnmACAmVlGvfICiQ3ojcVm5YZIRb0fXz0R20M-AV-rUTxOh9kqxkQWhR-LOavHyDlmd-Yc0Tw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 015c4385f141a6fd64df91674ecbb8df Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sugar Chest Description An account of the resource Sugar was an expensive and coveted luxury item in frontier households. The chest protected sugar from theft or flies, and was also a status symbol indicating a household's socio-economic status. This sugar chest belonged to Elizabeth Tyler Sturgeon (1791-1833). The Tylers were early colonists in Jefferson County who had a cluster of family farms near Floyd's Fork. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1926.1, Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource furniture Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1926.1 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century cooking faw object Furniture sugar Sugar chests https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/92afa1cf1c90b64044bb94b2a7650bf5.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=M0h9Y4Ty6z8RbHoHWRFMGsfw5CRn39yvvEE7HzRMzqFrbyXxKseITky0udUlcWRXBFP9B%7Eo-0NlfF25LVkAWtTq9fVtRgTC0Q7Z8RsjFDigYLGx-IOc3T84wKXDXLwo5AhCdtw1cypis%7EvcaNAtq9V1P%7EBoDmIn6Dc6MzbRAgaC8BFVWZMhZtGbdjT8UBA42PQZcbwC88uFhMZEpp6kKM0BHkF5h30gdNNbR85KJv1FWJvymFJonNu6-zdJinJdy3vvfb7niViNJ6q8HHO1NYMHyZEOmpwiBv3Nuc1AJJZyQfdF8mZ0yNZnaaSAOzNxtJuexw9sN02fqS1ppVPLAZg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0bfdcb98bfad387f0aef5a81b512a10d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Teakettle, circa 1800 Description An account of the resource This teakettle was brought to Bourbon County, Kentucky, by the Liter family before 1800. Tea isn't immediately thought of as an 'American' staple, but historically it was. Tea in the early 19th century was more popular than beer and teakettles were essential items for households. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1978.4.1, Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1800 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/special-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource cookware Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1978.4.1 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century 1800s cooking Cookware domestic life Tea https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/dd236ace84f5f7ff0ef7b4cb9588cc25.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=m0FSto7QUdYgGq0CXGBbplsJH3ySJWd%7E2LS%7ElFXggN1p8ksE8lYCvU4GIOcBL7qIZRFH22GXWH4MdSC1O7NmKKuo-GnBv5kVnX4wcrUdB3eh627u2smN9Q8FHryjFwvm3QRG6AJKXQWqD4o6WbjvT8OAuhE18bnlIEGf4Gt-SOjmJiGmi%7EVfmollN5I9Ev%7ErVjlLyrtoTiaZYKlXwC%7Eg36bo2pFmCUpb9-%7ECngGjCF7ci5dhJpOBE5zDjWk8-XIGKDhxfJhPZaOqChg0UOVGYquGqGnmMSUcXj%7E%7E2RbpbwGRmN-IBv4T7XZWaXfDJa9Ia5kQn08MaLZj6ljJ7vgy3A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 967e022531c3bf87e158cfe62b372a4c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Basting spoon, circa 1800 Description An account of the resource Basting spoons were used to baste (pour juices or melted fat over meat during cooking in order to keep it moist), as well as for stirring and serving. Basting spoons were used often because of the large amount of meat that was consumed on the frontier. Early Kentucky pioneers had a deep reliance on meat (especially wild game like turkeys or buffalos). They continued to eat wild game as a primary source of food until the pioneers learned to farm in their new environment. As Euro-merican settlers learned how to develop stable food sources through farming and domesticated livestock, they began to hunt buffalo for sport, nearly driving the population into extinction. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1978.4.72, Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1800 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/speical-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource cookware Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1978.4.72 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century 1790s 1800s cooking Cookware domestic life https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/3e64fdea3ea76adf9ad64829691a0196.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=td5J3dABPJ0jr-6cwbsGpL550aJNrEecwze3I-dFU0jyCemYpO6-7tPguMvXwOH5ccc%7EjPJQSbdqAeNDD2HIxPR2mMyBDN6-GuQ5vz6-B1fX7T8Mhnk6XDJQ4dydaixWv3jMrN%7ExzTR85dGKaLh-8dns8jdnUuHTqyxj-RyX0NXHY%7EjowZiCGFe2xQVeb8vx52hpx1OumY1y4Qdh1hbDqANw4u%7En9fQ%7E6OjzjmOTIfDWQVPpk%7EK6SL7%7Ei1qbCkxbOBJMCedAzqKF%7EdK6l7SnE94d4dQMFpV7YYr0%7Edk0NqYUlqtiiBMIEfl34KwcepgaJy8W51SXoZfGdPob%7EVmBXQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2716216f88f91c96e86fc3c76e33162f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Iron Spider Pot, circa 1790 Description An account of the resource The spider pot was brought to Bourbon County, Kentucky, from Frederick County, Maryland, by the Liter family before 1800. During this period, cooking was the second leading cause of death for women. Overheating, skirts catching on fire, exhaustion, and infected burns were causes for serious injury or even death. Some frontier appliances made the job a bit safer. Due to the 'three-legged' nature of spider pots, it allowed them to sit right on the hearth over a bed of hot coals. The cook then used its long handle to safely remove the pot from the coals. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1927.3.1, Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1790 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/speical-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Cookware Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1927.3.1 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1780s 1790s cooking Cookware domestic life faw object https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/daf4d69da5e3a691df94598a34f4ba31.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=vUkUAIQ101c9i5R9WypRDv3AYN2wumZD8oPSslz16iuV25vlEU0aVEjoyGM-PiZ73FNsm%7EJv%7EG34oHyFqibJ0JTQ1BRmqpY82xxjXYKcKbcf52imJkJMlMioejoo%7Ea8-m9%7Ej8xU4ypBzp5okVjFEwQqa4eSUEMnB4pWT6qUxXN53zv527mS0Mk8KGe9RNYC4Klcfupyhw2tx0%7EzNKLyjZ5GgY%7Eigg2KqMjBY0rCgDyjZprHLi7IU9g3qOyTlvmJkz9wi7hwVduN%7EJlVXhzJk0LpiLWZ2zZFybrTPS1o3ocTM%7ECNdfO1Gq3l56wr5jUsSEMpocSFK6FF2uRISuTQ8uw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 40aabfc631b0dbe68b6bfc5d49afb413 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Iron dutch oven, circa 1790 Description An account of the resource The Dutch oven and its hook were brought to Bourbon County, Kentucky, from Frederick County, Maryland, by the Liter family before 1800. In addition to many other household tasks, free and enslaved women prepared three meals a day for their household, working many hours over a cooking hearth without air conditioning or fans. They cultivated and prepared all ingredients themselves. Cooking was labor intensive and exhausting. The Dutch oven, despite its heavy weight, made cooking a bit easier. Dutch ovens were an important tool in the kitchen and were used similarly to ovens today. Dutch ovens were capable of baking, boiling, roasting, and frying, and good for cooking stews, breads, and cakes. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1927.3.2-3, Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1790 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en For reproduction inquiries, please visit https://filsonhistorical.org/speical-collections/rights-and-reproductions/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource cookware Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1927.3.2-3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1780s 1790s cooking Cookware domestic life https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/bcdded3ede6e11dfe9637482cf738aab.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=JguL173AzPMRsvRi7AmYxSGedEykSfOAW1158xbonbxkZWmyi5CK8oXGbd1IDakOgtrziSWc%7ES%7EbgDr3FJ7K7AzVBWLu6vfi4hOTDRjW-iGCVkD7CSyJjCZUV-3wG8PaTL-aFx%7E4gEzI7AlzpdYgMnxCTOCrDMwqfzpDFcYX1RLuXAUkBYCDBDTzYo5WNvD6GVGyQRCWClfPSdBe8GlnelZtDh1Ngwg1KpTm23mjGV0puOj8Qm15mMlXWLevT-LbSkyBSXi-xKpbrv%7EQ7u99sHNVu0BNWgOIeBEmvoKG%7EjCpgb6mN-KhzjMUMIEhw2MIJd5vRRh8LsWJl%7EssNlpsBQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b765515d760e8b3d2d19dbf4d58b38b4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Journal of the Kentucky Convention, 1799 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kentucky Constitutional Convention Subject The topic of the resource Kentucky, Constitutional Convention (1799) Constitutional conventions--Kentucky--18th century Frankfort (Ky.)--Imprints--18th century Kentucky--Imprints--18th century Kentucky--Politics and government--1792-1865 Description An account of the resource Cover of the Journal of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention, held in Frankfort, on 22 July 1799. Full version of this text available at <a href="https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&amp;context=ky_cons_conventions" target="_blank" title="Journal of the Convention" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of the Convention</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1799-07-22 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frankfort: Hunter & Beaumont Relation A related resource cbf0006 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB 342.769 K37j 1799 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RB 342.769 K37j 1799, Rare Book Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource book Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1790s 18th century constitution constitutional history Frankfort government journals Kentucky constitutional convention politics https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/0ac3f2e2729050eda31536cc924b3ffb.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=f43vBPmwVMdYxK3lC7ujssssIDmI-sIqCVTRaQXQo9nOl5SV84k4kM2mJgWeWvJkU3nLg5nlqrIbulYIefW4RSSZziOjpeBHZeBOa4oCRdspoOVvumgDVJIDPsPdWh6bGFTNjy40xWB1hxdnV4qcQWoeQxzNU54YWubOFPOeCl4fPgR4pmhfD06Zx94BYIxRwI-PzJRByTbIjvwVf3lEE9NJSWYThn6PVTJeZjJKIprF3gmHnu%7E6cMQi0VddcPp5-6f6m2B1J2hgkUrgi94A3qLZV%7E%7EkGRxrjjlP1wOrl8FIBmVkmg%7Ei3osVhS1klSp5sBZXmsDlDHTMSFUTyG6CRA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f3076bc59c2d4269fcdcb3fdbc19a1de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The discovery, settlement and present state of Kentucky Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filson, John Subject The topic of the resource Boone, Daniel, 1734-1820 Treaties Kentucky--History--To 1792 Native Americans Description An account of the resource Contains the adventures of Daniel Boone, the minutes of the Piankashaw council, an account of the Native American nations inhabiting within the limits of the thirteen United States, and the stages and distances between Philadelphia and the Falls of the Ohio, etc. Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=oHNbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA5&amp;hl=en" title="The discovery, settlement and present state of Kentucky" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The discovery, settlement and present state of Kentucky</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1784 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wilmington, DE: Printed by James Adams Relation A related resource cbf0004 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB Closet 976.9 F489d Wilm. 1784 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RB Closet 976.9 F489d Wilm. 1784, Rare Book Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource book Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1780s colonies Daniel Boone Geography Indigenous Peoples Native American natural history pamphlets piankashaw council politics settlers thirteen colonies Topography https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/0532b61dedd19f153230faeede47e434.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=BG%7EYYIW8mwmGzVXAZrEz-cMxXt4bqdxd2tgX1tpt7NQWmzkfD9IYHMQMQ81EFzm86GAEoyL8st1ih52VOhORrcVVqTXfG3ECK4qbVaPw8gAKpYSj8t-h3fMvW4JBWZKyhsAGnWAq28dHZJZ38bj3NE7rYYl%7EiduXTxmS0skWJonMGQM1K8O29kcXrVKRmMXeOBocXeRSP2H5Jcx%7ERoW9VfO2nZ9-G26kSyKaAYxnPiNwjGfZDWOICaHkBY7qW3p8J0VsaXs2r6P8H2-3xl0NHssIhceT5CnZ-bT0YLTxUB27BWy3hd2vbIRhTAA6dnlNU-pOOM%7EppY5sgys0dSUZKw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4ee88407e44b098be038a59450383f98 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/a9f0877b2c8d4fe517e13d5119ab5a24.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=FZm%7EFisbFpRPl0tGG0DjX-vBP37mKWC5un9-A46VixTbh4HMqS13rZzOny-DY3moSWqEH0Xvcc%7EvyQtxuLN0RbcvP2t2LjZcahsVgA1y3ANDxHRxhuAwUj%7EdqO7GGTi4lB9aE6uT%7E-0eBh4hBWtu5-g7A77A4UFvFg-UO7zWkJQEGw1huvVKxLrvj3%7E8zyEs%7EvxrXT1S5X-AP5E%7E3mGBsR-j7rg1S7PJk2oJohBGkumeVIVmkx1l6aXSnJLEV9lPXfVh264Ezt5Gd8GX7S1BEWWebqyJqW5bVul5I%7EWJcCYAuwRiafZaR0SR2xKlmHAF0IhjjHWAOTv0BqkaGJUu4g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0b7264dd6876def5e2a77f55024551a5 PDF Text Text , OR, VIEW PRESE NT SITUA TION THE 'OF A . 0.. ~' ,flf I oF·: AME RICA ·. CONTAININ G . I , car Definitions, '""Difcovery, , and.General Defcription Aflronomical Ge~iraphy; •Geographi -Of their Bou"Qda ries; Mountains; Lakes; Bays, and Rivers f N'atural Hifl:ory; Producl:ions; Population ; 0 , , , Government;'( Agriculture; Commerce; Manufacl;ures; and Hifto1y.- -A concife account . of the Wa-r, and of the important E_vents'which have fucceeded~ • . _KEfTUCK Y, THE WESTERN 'J,:E~'R,:ITORY,- THE · rERR,I'fO:S ,Y SOUTH OF ~:>RIO, . AND VERMONT ; , , \ ' si · Of their Exten.t ; Civil Divifions:; 'C hief Towns ; Clima.tes'; Soils,; Trade; Chafacl:er; -C~nftitution Courts of J~1ftice; ColLe,ges; Academies; Religion; Iflands; Indians; Literary and Humane ' Societ-ies; :Springs; Curiofities_; Hift~ries; Mines; Minerals; Military Strength, 2>cc. WI .T U A VIE-W OF THE 'CONTINEN T,; BRITISH, SPANISH, FREN·CH, fORTUGU ~SE, AN];> DUTCH DOMIN,I ONS, ON .THE ,, INDIES. W,&ST THE IN AND •· f... Bv JED.~ DIAH MORS E, A. M. ·· r A NEW EDITION , :REVISED, CORRECT ED, AND GR.E,ATLY ,E N.tARGED :, BY THE \AUTHOR_, AND JLLUSTRA 1ED WITH MAPS. ) , LONDO N: • P R ·I NTED F-OR JOHN ST_OCKDAL·El 1 794• l> I C-CKD ILLY. �• jJ OF THE j\. .r'""f# . '.t..I �Y N.W. OF f.PHE br-rta}. TERRITOR ,of acres, belonging to the federal governme1:it, to be. .fold fur .fh~ clifr:ha,ge· of' tie ;a.!.- tiopal debt ;, rexcept a Barrow frrip of lancl borderiFlg<on the fouqf pf ' Eake Erie, anc.1. frretching 1 z,o rajl~s weft of the' \.V'eftcm. lim,ir of Pen11fy~va1,1ja, which· bclb.ngs -to CoJi-c ' ' ~ ·,,. • . . ,.·., ·,. , ncclicut. But a frnaU proportion of t.hefe fands is: yet purch a:fcd 0£ ,Hfe n?tti,,.~~,, 'and to J Jc difpofecl of, by Congrefs. Beginning on the· meridian l ine', ,which for.ins the wcfrb\i: boundary 'of Penufylvani.a, ievcn ranges of to\~h111ips havc ·b_een :frll'veyed: an'd laicf'off~ by onler of_ Congrcfs.. As ·a north and fouth line ftrikes the ·Ohio in. an 'oblique cffrcc-' tion, the termination .of the fcvc1~th range falls upon tlmt riter, nin e miles abo~e the ~ujkiog~n:i,, ,which is ~ht; fir~ l~,rge ri~1cT that f~lls .info the Dhfo._ . 'It f~tt11s~\~ j~]p·cho1) r 72 n:ules below I< ort Pitt,. mcludmg the wmdmgs <l tne Oluo,.·thot.1gh-m a direct:· ' '_ . . , •· . . line is but ninety miles;. Tt1e lands in ·w}iich the Indian title is extingui1l1ed, arid wl ii;:h" arc riow plirchafi.11P". under the Unit~d States, are defined within the limits mentioned page _1 24, ~to ,vh!E; the reader is referred. On theie -1ancls fcveral fettlernen.ts are ·comm~11cing; -orie at Marietta, at the mouth of Mufkingum, under the direction of, the Ohio~company ;' another between the Miami rivei'i\ under _the clir,c ction_of Colo'nel ,Symmes ; and ·a: French fcttlemenf at Galliopolis. ThG,re are fevcral othtir tract's ddine, 1ted ; od· tl1b map, :which have been granted- by Co11grefs to particular companies, 1:tml other· 11tr~&L;,,' _~ " "~' for particular ufes; which remain without any Englifh ~fettleme~ts. : " • Cr\rJL D1v1s10 Ns.J That_paTt of _this territory in which the Iridiai} title is 'l xti'i1-· • guifhed, and w~ich is fettling _under the government of the United,. States, is-:di,ricfe;d, • ' • • into four counties as follows =', 1 • ..,. Counties, \Vben erd}ecf.. j ,. t-.' When erel 1e'cl- Counties~ • 1·: I 790-rAnrt 2/th. St. Clair I 788 July _26th Wafhington • 17,9o>JLi11c fotk _,, Knox 1790 Jan. 2d -. Hamilton · Thefe cotinties have been organized ·w.ith ' the proper ci-:i:f ~n<l -~ilitary officers~ The county of St. Clai.r is divided ihto three difiri-ll:s:, vjz_ the di4rjct of. Cahokia, ,"the difrritt of Prairie-du-rochcrs, and the diftri6: of Ifaika.fkias . • vgurts of general quarter ieffions of_th_e peace-,. county·co!u-ts of common pleas, ~nd,corn:.ts of p;·obate; io ,be heJd, iu each of the-fe ·diftri&s., as if each was a difrip_cB: coupty;; .~he-oiljcers,oft hc' cbt:mtyito, . .r ~ acl by deputy, except in the diftrict where they 'tc:fide:': •• . • pre·, fo. _ as high· fo, banks by RrvERs.J Thi 1\fo:fkingum is a-genHc river, confined: ,·ent its .ove:flowing. It is 2 5 0 yaro·s wide ~t it~_to1}1t~~~}Ce with the Ohio, and navigable by 1arge batteaux and barges to tne 1 hree Legs; and by fmal'l ones· to th'c lake at ifs head. From thence, by a portage of about one mile, a CO,!I~munication is opcneq to Lake Eric, through the Cayal!_.Qga, wl;iich_is a fti:i,1rn - f g>·e~t iitilit r,_·navigable _the From Lake Erie Jhc avcm1~ is whole length ,vithout any obftruclion from falls. _ . ' ,rdl kno vn to the Hudfun, in the Statf ,oL:tf~w.Xot}S- ,, _·· :fize.. in· inferior fon}~wirat The Hockhocking rcfembles ·the Mufkinguni; though ~ farther·. much 'ones fi:p.1111 for and It is navigable fo1: large boats about .feventy miles, • free-ftone, of, rrir~· c1\rn ~ in~xha,uftibl; On the banks of this very ufeful ftrcam } \·e f9ti11d ll.l ·~ 1'' • • • C anu Coa l mmcs: I · t: r r-. ' ~0 f Iea cl . , .J r. • • t ore,. 1. 1a t iprmgs are rmnes o .. :r&mc ncu an ,;i litrge beds•of· iron ·.• ~ft.be pa1:t e1a7: 'E ,y• ~¥• t. ·r1jt -1 fli ftre m· 1 as1- 1e of ,,tl'lis. e neighbourJ;ood ,G,, in· frequent '~ . ; - . ,,.r wcftfr , .,I,J J J ~J" ,...,th_r~• ., J . dfanftt: mt:: an 0rd la bo-,-.,~v;1 'Tm ~ r. t . ,ubL,e ol} a;11 ed t tnat 1nav lhe temtorv. . , ,, ~ . • >f .r ,ron •· r::-' .'.)·~n1. / , 1 , fal .1 d 1 _ 1,luercl'ayc of:,ai1 • exg.Gllc,nt- f•,m.al1tf r,.. and 1te ,o{wl B1:1ds article. hie flwe' ofr" that •'n~• .eifarJ' .,.. 1 "' ., ::l .. 't -' 1 f-' JV ;. ,( r J ,..r J J ,~t( ;~nd, <9th.e r · are like,vife four). d hcl'e,· fo:itabT ~ f.or the , nfaimf_s1:cliu{e of. glats, bt cr-ockc.ry, l • •l l •· •• · ? c n:1 t "· 1,11 " ~ , Js ,••e'd, !JO.te oti1cr uf tu.1· ,1ou.1 s . ~ave -<;_~n; 1..0 k;p,;e,;c on t 1e iflaq.y eart hen wares... R , . · .\: •• · t >JU J , f J ;J • )~ if a~ • ~ brancl)es -ofth:1s n ver. 4 ....... • • '"'' • , ),,JfJ. ;. J .- The �.' is6 ., .. ' T :&RRITORY N. _\V . .O:f:/ THE 0MIO. , ··,, ,'Flre, Scioto is: a, 1arge~ rlver tli·an either .~f the prcc~sii~g, ,_ aiid ~pens. a ~o~e c~t~n,five navigation. _,It is paifablc for- hrge ·barges for ,Q._oo m1ies, 1\vith a portage of only r'ol"ir miles lo Hi~ Sandufky, a good navjgable )tream that · falls· itito· the, Lake Erie. ThrougJ1~the S,t!'idttiky iind S.cioto ]_ie~ the. ,IJ;lOft GO!I).ffiOll p;:1;fs from <;::.arn\da t? the Oh:o,and· J'~1i:fiif.fippi .;, ,one .of the mpfl: ex~nfivc and ufefulcomtttuI1jcatio11s that are t.o be· found ih a1)y com'ltry. Prodigious exte11fi:011s, 0f t~rr.itory-are-het·e·counecl:ed; and, from the ·i·apidi'ty, with ~vhich the ,vcfteru ,parts o-f- C;n1ada, L_ake· Ede, '. and the Ken·' ti.1-cky- countries. are fettling, ·we ·!nay ·antic;_ipa:te an. . immetu"e _intercourfe1between them. The ]ai1ds 011 t he borders of thefe midd1c iheam_g, from this circwrrftafice alone, afide . .from 1.heir. natural fert ility, ,muil .be rendei·ed ,,aftly valuable. ' The flour., . com, flax, . hen1p,' &c. raifed for exi)ortatiort in that gr.eat,couiitry.'between ·the, Lakes Huron and Ontario, will find an_o.utl~t-thrQugh. J;-,ak.e Eri~ .arnl, th~fo_tivGrs_, or down the Miffif'iippi. 1:fhe Ohi.0 mereh_ant can give-. a higher' price than thofe ·of Quebet: for_thefo dotnrnodities, as they- may be trantpoded from, the tfor~er t,o _F lorida ~nd fhe Weft fodLa i:flands,. with le.fs expenfc, rifk, and i-nfo!ance, Jhan. Jrom the latter ; w-hile the expei1fe from the. place o£·growth to the O.hio will not be Of!e fourth of what-it would · be to Quebec, and much leis thaw even to -.the .On(c:ida lake. : The ftrC{lin ·of Scioto is gentle,-:-no>wherc' broken hy falls -: . at forne places,. in ·1:he. fpring of\ the year, it overfl.ows·its _banks,'. provid~ng for la:cge natural r'ire plantati{ms . . :Salffprings, coal· mines, white and blue chty, and frec-ftone, abouncl in the .c ountry ac\joiningthis -.river. , ·· The l ,iffle 1'v1iani'i is too fma11 _for ,batteaux navigatipn. It~ ba.o.ks;.are good land, a_ncl fo high as_to prevent, in con:iman, the overflowing of the: water. " • / •• , • The ·Great . Miami has a very ftoney channel, and a :fivift ftl'eam, 1mt no falls. It is fo1:med, of ievei·al large branches; which ai-e',paifab}e for bo<J,ts a great diftance. One , • hraiich comes from the we!t, and ·,:ifes in the ~V abafh com1try : another· rife~ near the head waters of l\1i.ami• river, which runs into , Lake Erie; ., and a ibort p~:irtage divides another hrancli of Sancfofk.v ri-,,er. It alfo interlocks with the Scioto .. ~ , • • ';rhc W abaih is a bea:utif'ul river, with high,and fortile banks. • It emptit~s into the Ohio by i ·mouth z70 yards. wide, 1020 miles below -Fort Pitt. In .the fpring, funimer, 'iltnd -auttumn, i.t is p~fj\;:'lbl~ with' hatteaux drawing th1:ee f~et w?ter/ 412 miles, to Ouita• • , r10n, a :fin.aLl Fn~pch fettl:eme11J, on the weft ,fide of ·the river_; and ·for larg-e callOOI - - 1 9,]'miles. further, to .the M~ami ·carrying placc; .ni-llt;; miles,Jrom;M;i<pni .village.' This ,rUhige· ft.ands oH· Miami river, :', vbich. _empties into, the fouth-wcft part· of ~Lake Erie. '!"he eotnm~mication between Detroit, and the Illinois; and Ohio ' countries, is, up • • Miami rivci- to Miami villag<:, ·thence, by land, ni-1~e miles, when the •.,riv~rs are high; and , from eighteen t.9 thir_ty. ,,~.rhen _they ', are_ l<lw, th:i;ough a level country to the V.Vapaih, , and th1•ough the va-rious bfanches· of -the Wabafh to the pl~ces ofdefti.. Ration. ,..,. , •. , _• ' , • ·, ,, . . , . ..., . A filver ' mi11e h~s be~n _difcovered abo~i _twenty-eight rniles, above ·ou1ata,11on, on the • . - 1,aoi:thcrn .f1de of ·the:vValoaib . Salt fpriIJgs, lime, free...ftone, blu~, yellow "and white • ' chty; are found. in plenty 11pon this.river. . ' i . • _ _ The rivers A tafe :3-nd Ka:fka:fk~as-empty into the Miffiffippi from the north-eaft; the former ' is navigable for ·boatsdixty, and .the latter about 130 miles . . They botluua -through a ric~l country, which ·bas e:xtenfive rneaqQ,V'S. , , .. , • Betw:een the Kaikaik'ias and Illihois. rivers, wqich . are eighty-four mil~s apart, is-an .extenfive tra_?t of level, rich· Ja-nct; whic,h terminates in ai high ridge, about, fifteen. tfo les. before y.01,1 r€ad1 ti,1e 11:linois. riv:er., In this ddightfol va:le are a number of Fr.e nch .villag<;:~ whi,d1, ,t6gcth&i:·with thofe of .St,. ~-nevieve and 'St. Louis, on the weitci\d.ide of't'he M iffifiipp i, cont~ine.dviU:~177 I' 12 73 .fenciblc men~ ' • ' · • ' • • One • 1 �I TERR.IT.ORY N. W:. OF T1IE OHIO. ,. - . • ' One-hliridred anifevertty-f1-x./ miles above ,thc _Ohio, a11d ·eighteen- mites abo_ve the 'Miffouri; the -Illinois _empties into the Miffiflippi from the north-eaft by a mouth_409 yards wide. 'This river is bordered with ~fine U!eadows, ,vhich , in fome ~ la,ces cxh~nd -as far as the eye"CaJ? reach: thisriverfurniihes a communiGati_on with Lake Michigan; by the Chicago .rivet; between. which and the Illinois. are t'vvo portages, the longefl :o -w bich 1does -not -exceed four miles.. It receives a number of rivers which are from On ,thG •north~ 2 0 to 1-00 yards ,~ide, and navigable for. 'boats fr~m -15 to~1 So 1i1ilcs. ,veftertJ. fide of this .river is a ·toal mine,. which e~tends for half a mile along the midtl.le of the bank of the river; and about the fame diftance ·below the coal mine are ·two falt ponds, I~O yards in circumferenc~,' and feveralieet- in depth. The w.ater is-flag-, . nant, ,and of a ydlowi:ih coloL1r; b'ut.the ,French and' natives make . good falt from -if: The foil of the Illinois country :is, in gerieral,r-of a ,ft.1perioP!quality: its natural growth. confifts of ·,0ak, hi'cc?ry,, cedar, mulberry, &c. •hops, dying drugs, medicinaLvlants ·of ieveral kinds~ .and e:xcelient wild grapes.' In the year 1 769,-the Frerich fettlers .made .• • ,, •. . ·110 hogfheads of:flrong wine from thefe grapes. , been have ;w:e t}jiofe with, importance and There are many other river& 0f.equaLfize _ . , • defcriptions,. accurate for kn0wn fo'fficie'ntly d(fcribing, ,v hich ·are not~een · not has country of ' tract large ·this an • PoruLATION.J • The,number of fouls ,:ifcertaincd. Froiµ the heft ·data :tqe au'th9r has received:; the .-populatiori -may .be oftj!.: 1 ·:. - · •• . .: J mated as follows -:'· 1792~· 65,000*. ,. ~ , (fuppofo) Indians 2,500 do., ' • . ·Ohio C9mpany purchafe , 2,6,00 ,do. , -:= •• ,· ~ - '• .,. t• 1,. . . ·Col. Symmes', fcttlct_neilts ;.I ,ooo do. _· Halliopolis;· (French fettlemcn.q oppofite the.Kanhawa: 1·iver . 1,506 do. Vincennes and i_ts vicinity, .on theaWab'aTh,~ ,·. - , "'~ . -~ :,:,- · 1 • 630 ) 1 790..-- ~ Kiikafkias at)d Cahokia .~40 ·--do.•,< ers,. Prairie-du-roch_ l ~Ii<; -Philip, ~t. o~_ yjllagc .At Gra-nd ~uiifeau, 0 "-) \ , J - ~, '~~.,. t :.f'- ,- >: ') · ._ • ..__,,__- t, ~. .1 . ,7z, 820 ., !rTotal _, _ •, ~ , , . ' -~ •. ,Jn - I 790, 'th~rei were in the t~wi'nif Vincennes about forty ,A.m.erican fanilies ~and Jhirtj,1-one -. flaves; ·imd on th~· Miffiffip-:pi, forty American,families. ancl ,reventy.:.:th.t_ey flaves, 'all included in- the· above ·eftimate. Oi'l the Spaiiiih or wcftern fide of the Miffiffippi,.' there w"eie _in 1fgo; •il,9but I 800 fouls,'· ·principally at Genevieve aIJ,q._St: • ~h- l ,• , ~ 7w ~ ~ ' ' Louis:• . ,. ,.. -To the rcmatks onthefe heads~ F ~ c -E' 9FTHE co·uNTRY, Soi~,~AND PRO~UCTTONs.J foterfperfed in the·uefcriptio1i,,9-( the·rive;·s; we w111-a&l fom.e obfervations .fro'm an amr nymous . pan1phlet publifhed not ildng fince, ,,whieh we prefume -are the' moft auth~ntic, ,refpecting tlt<: par(of that co~mtry·which has been purchafed·- o~ i:he fodianl3t.'of ,I ' , • ' , .... , .., anylha't :lfave been·giv'en. '··:, t' •• ' 7 ' ' L ' t' • - • h . of • " The' ungiftinguifl1ed te,rms ·of achniration ' thaMire commonly ufcd in:-fp~akimg the nafora:l ft:dlity of the com1try on the wefrern waters· of 1:he · United States, woulct- rehdel'-it Elifficult; witl1outatjcurate attcnfron ·inthc iiuvey-s, to a:tcribe a preference to ··~ny p~rJio:ular part;' or to give •.a juft: <lefttiptipn of:,the rerritory uudcr conjiderat-ion, ,vithoilt 't};le hazard of ,being fufpeltM ·of,exaggemtion : •:burin this we ha ·e the"q~ited . I 4• ' l ,....; ., . ." t·• ; , t~~ ... 1 J ....... ,_ .. ( . : ~ 310 ... __ ,-f. ·, 0 6 .. (• t .}_.! y,; .l ,.. - # ~"'< J:...,. ~ • coi. nt~ •¼re the Piaflti~s; on both' {ides -the Miffiffippt; the Cafquerafquia~ • * Th~ trioes who -inhal;1ton the Ulinois; the 1'ia'nkafhaws and other tribe?,· on the Waba{h; the Shawan<';fe-; on the Scioto; •.the D_ela~ w.ares, 'l the Mianui·s, ttte sOui[cOf\s,. Ma:fcpnt~ns; , Sakies,,; Sioul(,_.M_ekekouakis., the Pilans; i:owtowatanµs, Meifaq11es., Ottawa·sf ·Ch)pewas; a11d Wi;mdots . . The whole a~no.i1nti,11g ,to,t}Ae above n;imli,er. • • 3N ·, ~: opi!~ion , �·1:tttRifoi\YI~. ·\\i". 'O fflft{©Fl:f(N.. '4;,I opinion 'Q( the ge~i·aph~P; 'the 'fuvve'y<1n:~·, ,ar-fd'.ie; ·ery, l ravcller· t-hat•has: lleemirrti~atefyaequ:aint~d with t-h~ c'?nntry, ·and marked p.v~ry P-'ahmtlubject .,with ·t~t<s,m@ft fonipu, lous exa'ltne:C~That ; 11_() part of the federal territi©ry 'trni'.tes, fo IDc\!:Uy advantages, ,i,n point of _health, fC:rti1ity,- v~1:jety- bf production; and--fote•i,g't1 interwuriel ~as~tha11 wl-frch, ( :llrdehes fr6m th.,_b,Mwtkihgmn to 'th.e-·Scioto andttlife. grea! ·Miami· rivers.~ ..... , ( ~ • : " . Colon.e l Hotdop~- i'n ltisJ om·nal,J fpeakin-g-c@f a: much- laFger•range of co.uiitry; in, which tbiS' is included, , and makes u~11queftionab1y the findt ~patf\ ha:~ the foU0\ving· . 0Tufervation:: :I.'he·~counfi:y @n the, Ohio is eve1;y where pleafant, ~yit'h large iev:~l fpots:•of1rich land,-. anll r~ma:rkaply healthy. Gne gei1era.li remark of th1is_na.ttt're wiH fervc for J luf !\vhoie tr:jct .of l he g-lobe compre,pended•,betwcen the ·we:(frn.i- :fkirts_0f tbef:Al-: lig fl}' mountains ;·, thence r:unning ,foutlHveftwardty to the di.Rance _oli ~00 flriJ0s tto· t-ne Ohio· falts.; ; the1f ·cr@:Iiftryg the1w :northerly to the heads •<»f 'the rivets tihat.empty l.herrifo1ve _ii11:o the.· 0h'io·; thence eafr along the~ridge tl1at feparates the' lcakes and Ohio, :llreams fo Ft:_ench Creek: this country may, frqm a preper kn.6.wledg&~ be a£- ·firmed to be the moft healthy, tl1e m9ft •pleafant, tne m01ib commodio:o:s and:mofr fertil~ fp.oJ of earth~ known to the European J)eOJ)le. • • · . • 1 • • • ' . ' . , . • ~ t,. 'I] 1e 'laiitls on"I the 'Various ftreain~"; a:bove'-mehtioned, • which fall .info the Ohio;. ~e-uow'r-more accuralely known, and riiay be defyribed· wifh confidence a111d·pre·ei.fion. 'l:hlfy'·afe inter{perfe&·with' all1 •the -variety .o f foil\vhich con<luces·t€?; pleafantnefs 9fi • :fi tuation, and -lays .the foundation for the-wealth of an agri,rultural and mam1facfruring: p.e91?>le~ . Barge ·1eyel bottoms, or naturii,l m€a€lows, from tweniy·to1fifty mil€s,in cir. -euit; ah~, every wnere ' found borde-rjng the rivers; ' and variegating tne e'o antry iit,thein'tfr~of'patts~· Tp.efe, a'flord ,as· ,riclf· a foil asca:ri be imagined, and m:ay:, he-r~dm;ecJ.! •fo .j5:roper·, cu1.tivation with very·little labour. It is faid, -that in roan,j. oftht!fe bottom~ ' a1 'uiro.\ -~ay clear an ,acr~ a' day, fit-for planting with Indian, corn,, thereheing no UJJ,.· •derwo&l:;, aricl the trees- growing v.ery ·.hi'gh a-nd-large, but n:0t thick- together:,., need nothing'but: girdling. • . ' : . • ; . _. _ • ' . ~ . - " ·'" The prevailii1g growth of timber; and the more ·ufefuLtrets, are, maple orfugar , . tree1 fy«.amore, blaGk and wfrite mulberry, black and white walnut; butternut,. chef:i:rqt-i;; w:ti,ite, '",bl~ck, Spanifh, . _and cliefnut oaks,. ..hici;-ory; che:ct.y, buG.kW<'JOQ. or: horfe ch@f_rtuJ,._hc5n~r locuft/ elm;-cucu_mbet tree; lynn-h:ee,: gum tree; ir.tm wood,. m; afpil), f.:ffia~~s, ,_•cntb a-pp.le tr~e, paupaw 0r· cnffard-appl~, a ,Vfl.riety-- o:(plunt trees, nine bark. Ipice:,~Ifthg_, l~ather..:vv:ooc:l bufhes. General Parfons meafoied a black :walnut tree near· M~:ikingum; rwhofe eircumfer~nce,. at five feel: fr0m '-the ground, was,twenty~tw~-feet. .t\£ .fYdnriore~ ilea~ the fa:me place:' mea'.furea forty-four :feet in cJrcumference,; at fome. tl1ftance frQm · tfie ·grou'rid., White land blaGk•0ak., and cllefnut~ with moft of the· ·above~riient~&1e1l:"'- timbers, grow large. and,, plenty. upon the high. grounds.: .b0e1p, the higlr ,and: low: .lap.cl~ P.roduGe -vaft quanttties ,of natural grapes .of va;riou~ kin~s, of ,vhicl/ tne~.f~ttlers• uni:ve:rfally' ' make a_ fuffi,ciency for their own confumption of rich •:r~d ·wine: It; is 3:lferted in th~ -0ld 1feffleJ?en~ of'SL-Y,incent,~ wltere·t,!iey ~ave had . OP.por~~nity t? 1r_r 1t, th.at. a&~ will, _rende_r th1s-wm_e. pr~ferable to mop- of t~e •E urof~ w1:g._es. · €9tton 1~! the natural produchon ' ef th1s countl.3/,: and!. grnws m great periicfi'.oli"'h :, 8< ' E ::/,$.' • ;'.,:,' ri )"i, ,. 'I • ' " '~~'.rii~ '_ f~g~r ma~l~ . ii'a mo:!l valuable tree fori~n inlandico~}!itf~, a9y ~u:inb€~ of, . inlfabifant~ •m~ •~e )~or eJ er 1fupplietli'witlf 1a11hflioiehcy of fJ gar, l:>yJpreferving a few ;t - ~ ~.. ._ f): .b") b\, lt L'...;iC }· r:.. ,.. I ~ r _..::) ..... : .-, - ~ <' 6..4. ' ✓ i-_ , I') ! ,_..;.J I' '·\. . -...;~ • ,r• <' .> .• J~.~gentleman -whq._ has vifited . this coµntry, {uppofes this' account is a.Jittle-too highly .embellilhcd; he . .acinowlecl'ge_ . tliat~'it· is' a·'very• fin . co_uritry, ·but•-thinks that the~e'are other part' oP the wefiem unfettlcd t:ountry, which urute. at .leaft as. many, Jf not more advantages, . than;the,traff abo.ve mentioned,Y1'.. ·, • . ,. .. ;· .• ,· .. . ,, ' -f '" ~ /., tree,, • _:., • -ll--. \ ( (a~ ;Qf ,If~ �'trees for tbe uie 'Of each family: a tre~ will yield about ten pq1inds.- o,f fugar a year,, -a nd the labour is very trifling : the fa.p is ext:ral!:ed_in the m~:inths _o f -Feb~uary an~ _ March, ,.a:pd granl1,fated,. by t~e fimple oper.ation of boiling, to a fugar.. c~qual in flav9,u r ~ , ,. , • ;a,nd wliitenefs to the beft Mufcovac;lo. ang fmall, ,and terri,tory; this of ~v~cy,part in abound •. • " Springs of excellent "J ater large·'lftreams, fqr mills , and other purpo:(es, ~ ar.e actually interfperfed, as if by art,, , • • ~: . t hat there be -no deficie;ncy, in any of the. conve~iencies of, life. . • ''' Very little wafte land is to. be, found in any pad ,of this tract of country; there are. no fwamps but focli. as ·may be readily drained, and m_ade into ar4ble and meado\;V land\ and_ though the hills are frequent, they are gentle anct [welling,., no where ·high or.in;. papable 0£1tillage ; .they ate of a p.eep; rich foil, , covered y.rith a heary. growth of tim=•. •her, and well c!,dapted t-0 the production of wheat, rye, indigo, tobacco; &~. . " The communica\ions between -this co11ntry and the fea will be-principally in the • . • . four following directions : •. , . ~ •• ' ' .~ 1. The • route .,through the Scioto and Mufkingum to Lake Erie, and .fo to the_ . ,• 1 , . river Huclfon; which has been already defcribed. a to the po:r.tage,,above-mentioned, " 2 1 The ,paflage up, the Ohjo and Monongahel_ which· -Jeads to the ,navigabl~ w<1,ters of the Patomak ; this poi:tage is thitty mile_§, and ,vill probabJy he _rendered tnuoh. lefs "!Jy the execution of the plans .1\.0):V on fo,oJ for • ., . . r ,t' ·opening the navigation of thofe waters. " 3. The Great Kanhaway, which falls into the Ohio from the Virginia fhore, JJe.:. tween the Hoc.khocking· :J,Iid th~ Scioto, opens an extenfive navigation from the fou,t heaft, and leaves· but eighteen miles portage from the navigable waters o,fJa111es river in Virginia. This commm)ication for th½ country between Mu.fkinguI9- and, Scio.to~ will probably be more ufed than. any qther for -the exportation of manufijcl:ures...and pther Jight and valuable articles, and efpeci'ally .for the importation o:f foreign q>mmodities, ,which may be brought from the -Chefapeak to the Ohio much cheaper than, ' they are, now c~rried from Philadelphia to Carlifle, a~d the other.thick-fettled bac!'• ; i• . . • , , ,. • counties, of Penn:fylvania._* ,. " -4· But-the current down the Ohio and Miffiffippi, for heavy articles"that ·fuit the Florida and Weft· India markets, fuch as corn, flour, beef, lqmber, &c.,: will be more frequently loaded thah arty frreams on earth. • The dijt:~nce 'from the Scioiio ,to'the ~iffiflippi ·is 890 :niiles, ·from thence to the'.fea is 900. This whole. c6ur(e is eafily run .in fifteen days, and the paffage up thofe rivers is hot fo difficult as has ufuaUy beeri ' • reprefented. It · is _{Olin~, l;>y fate experiments, that fails are ufed to ·,great a,dyantage againft the current of the Qbio; and it is. wo~thy of obfervation, that A~ ·all proJxibi;.. . lity. :fteam boats. ) vjll be·· found to do infinit~ fervice iIJ all our ·ext<;:Af\Y~.~iver nay i.. i,;;.; \~r ,~ • ,t /rr, ', ·,.. J , • , gation. J ,. _" The defign of_CoJ1kr~fs arid of ithe Ohio CompanY. is~ that the ~ettlements ~~II proceed• regularly down the Ohio,. and .north\vard to Lake Erie;; and it is.p.i-9J:>able, 1hat not many years will . elapfe,. before the , whQle 1country apov,e .Mia!Ili will be br0ught to fhaL,degree of·cultivatiqn,· which wiHexhibit all its l~tent,b,s:auties, , and jufrify thofe defcriptions ,of tra.veU~rs which hc!,ve fo often made it the gardeh qf ,t~e •. world,; the feaf of wealth, and the centt;,r of c!, great empir~~;. 'fl -r, • _,- r,~ ~ r ;A.'lMALs, &c..J _.~' _No 1cou_ntry is petter ,frocked with _, ,vi:ld ..g,a ~~gf ..,evet;Yi,kjn4 ; innumerable herds . of deer a'l'1d wild cattle are fhelfered in the groves, and fed in tti~ ~ ..\ ,., ' , , - )lt ,. • ... .f ~ • \: r . ,.... ,◄~: ' 'm,r- ' • -- - ; .., , ! * A •gentleman of niuch 9bferrntion, and a gr~at travdler, In tl!is cquntrx, is,,of opi: i3,11,· t ,aJ;tvt~ ~Qtp , munication pr,·Fonte.is chiqier,i1;11J. ~Ji l • '. • # 1 ;i.; • , i.n.,, ', • .3 N 2, 1, •• • •• ~; r f' ; d.wL, • . ' extenfive �TEilRtI'0lllf 'N.-W! OFf _1 Gm)'ONI6!. T 4., _ _ ·,C:¼~ nfiive bMle>m$ that eve1;y I wherc·, 'slb'drma / ari ·u nq~1e!~iobab1e prt,~t' of t l;e gre~ feTtihty iofr1jli~ tf<!iih~ turki~s,r geefe,"· dur,k. , f, •aa~sr teal,) pheafarits,: pa; ·t¥ltlgh , Scc-1fare-,. froinJ. obfo1:vatiQl'i,1,b,elieved~, tod.5e in greabtr plen _1lfere; ,than tlic tanie po*Itry afre •in;•i ,ar1y,,~~i:~~f~th(l old ,fetHe~~mtsj!1 ~ •m.ericJc·ro~ ~ f.· , . ' ~/it· 'Pr Ir 1'• :,.~ .:m rrr: , , ~:7r.1t 1 o an,' ;) t.f. Ih • rt ers 'are :vell ~ftored ,\v1th-fiili.,df 1~no1:.1s kmd, alll!d man o.i 11he c:Kcell l1 cqµruli't_.J , ~'!r.hi ~ 'aP©' ·g~i~<ml'.My,_farge;.'thol:'1.ghtof tlifferent ifi2fest;J.ffi ' -.'.af fifli;:. U 'whic},t ois Gthe·_:,"ia rg,Mlt_Iin~~of p. de1i'<?iblls•1ta'.'-'01:ir~1: ;veif?~s from 11i~-to ~ig! ·tY pofl.n~s';,,, <) ' -~N.'I'I~U~'l'I'ES{'.A'.ND_£u1t'1ti>SF1J.'J.Rs ,~,I 'J?l'fe.' h't11no~-r of.\!t_;ld ·foirts fou-na •1h the .Kentt1cky ft. .CplJllptryn are; tho ' a'.<'.lmi1·fitiolii.'< of; tliie1 ctwioftp, arid a1 matter bf 111tieh'~fpecul;:i,ti0n'· f 'they C • · are mofHy:,o ,' fft1/.ob1.&11g,1 fo1 rn, fitttatctd' ,6i~-• f~rong,-' ~vell choftn ground, a:n1:l ' io11>:1.J -tig,UQ,llS to. ' )Va:tcn: : ;, when; }by wlj@m, hn.d. ,fur har·putr'pofo tliefe 'vV&e thow n'-\rp/ is: unce.rtain.; thc¥.:.af;t'Ull!_doitbtedly V. t1-anci'ertt} as t:frnhr i 'llO,t jthe 1Teaft 1vinb1e'cri.fffrericeffr ·in the : ag~ oi- fize of the timber growing on or v'(ithin thefe forts, _a~d that ·w•fiic!"» , grows without ; i'a nd 1te old natives '.faay,t· l:1 ft a11 • trt:1-diti0n,•r~fi_)ect_ing- fl'i:em. • Dr. ,Cutlei:; .,v.lrodia'.s-,.r-accmately .re:x:ami!}ed ' .th~ : ttees o:& ~hefe'forts, . a:-1,1tl ,1-hi'ch he ·thinkw; -from ,appea,ta,nces,rmre ·the r feBond 1 g1. .o,vth, ,is of iopinio.n, that · th'ey' m.uft have been ,b ui 1-b:,up;\,v;M'ds. , bfi_,101ii_01';yea11s- ago ·:· iheyl :niufo have•bee_n !he 1effor~s 1?~,~':_peofile- niuch • lm~re t dew,nf~d,r tGJ •laboun :thah1•,;~t11q~ref~nt•·r~c·e o_f ,;-Ji~~h~~s ;"' fI.tid r1t 1s· d1f?cult to 'c_onr ce1ve. ' .qo.,w" they~.<f..oukl '-be conftm0'~d w1thoµ·t the:•ufe ob iron tools. , At a•cotwe.01ent difian~e r frvm- theft always ftands a 'Unalh:nouh'd of 'ear.th,- thrown up in the Jform of --a pyramid, iaiid ,foems.- in fome. mea:fore 'proportionea to the fize .of ~ifs a:djar,ent fortifi,-ca~iob. ,,. Qn ·exariiinati<;m, ~ they· have ~een found to t:00.tain: a chalky fuqftance, · fop~ • • , . ·_, :; • • •, ·pofed to be 1hoia€S,', and ,of the:liun an kind; r :- -' : ca:ll .,Jilenti@n.the·e,:xtenfive: m•e.\dows', or, "a:s ' the French ·Under .this •n_e ad, we the~, Praitie, ·which itnfo,er to what, •in the fouthern States, · a're :called S~vannas;. .they, are a;-:irid:i plain,, .· '-:v~thout tries, iaiict covered -,vith grafs; fome of thefe~ betwee1t St._V_i;ncenrios, ana the· Mr·ili:ilippi,· are thirty or•fortym:i1es in extent. In pailin'g theni1 .as f f~rJ as tli_e ·eye can reaoh,1,thc:re,,,js not :iHree to.' bt, feen; but there•is plenty-0f'decr1 _b€,.:i.rs, . ,md, :wolves, and innumerable flocks of tttFl:iies; thefe; \vitl.i1 the ,vild,,cattlG, 1 ' .o. '/ ,' 1. " 'fiu·1 ·,pro fipeed • ··- 11 ap·d\-i,_oeauh c • • 1a;_ r1c ,. • ' ' • • ,1 •. 1, t • : . 1. • .•, -rorm· ,grai.s,t : ·grc:;cn · : F0wi;s i9 • J 2he ; pofis,,,eftah1fil~ed ;· fo1r .tJ.:te) p'rotection ·of the frontiers ire as follow:: _ .Franklin,, on 'French· Ci·eek; ·H armai·, .. at the' ··mouth q_f Muikingum ; Stuben, at th6-rapic;l~ eif the Ol1io,; ·Faydtc, -. Hamiltoi1,.· Knox;: J'e:fferfon, St.. Cl~tr, ,Marietta; and • _ • · ,~ ·- St,. V.inccrines. 'J1•11 . 1:1, 1 ;_ ,c · i ,. , :< 1 , ~ • ~if~ ,c of Jtilj;. 13ffr the , cm pafiecr ~ongrefs; t>·f atf',o'rc.tinan;ce ·· &c.JMrBy ; . !,, GOVF;NN.ME~f . l '.7 8 ithis ·:coi.1:ht1{y' ; ~011 ' tl;ie pt.1.rp()f~s 0£ .11:~m1J?taI1y ·government, w'as ~re'~ed, i?.to' one> ·d1ftmct,~ft1,QJC:Ct;,r:'hoiveVe.J(, ta a £1,w1frbr1p v1rerl,1 t1tcu.mital:t1 \es :iha]hn.ak.e- 1tie:xpcdttmt. _ ., ~-~ g~ecfam'ei&<i>n;l\n~~~e i·! _i's~pJ:ovid~d,c ~hat Congre[s fhall ~ppoi1H a governor/ whofe •• ' ··t comm1:ffion-ihalh:;.qnt111ue_.rn forcc ithre~ ea.rs;-,unlefs fooner revoked'. ,· 'J;:he_,go-y~rnor" ·mti:ft ' refide in •th~ . <lifl 1;id, ant1 ,,Jn:a:ve: a frrehold eftate the~ein, 1n.: , 1 -,, ,\ • • , ~ ·' ' • , . lOQ,$ aqres,}of,la·n d, ;iwhiile,.in ,the ex.e1~ife of t hi.s 'o:ffi.~e. ' Congrefs, >hon11rtime .,. fo tin)e, ,afe ·to apiJOint ~a1(ecretary',. 't(! continue in"o':ffice four year~; unlefs, fooner ; i•em@v,e~l, t:.ivho· n1uftt rdide-1 in the dillrict; a;'!'.ld have ·jln ~ftate of l, ·"' 500 acre;~ 9f Hrn.~; ~-vh1le •;i;n ,offi2eitr"'.I', --~· f' I· "t~ -~ ~ f 1 . . l _ 1_ r1~,,~u~H~~fs:,_0£Aho l 1~ar~tr~ry1(:1;'>, ~ top,ke'?P f:a-11d . .:pteferYe thei a·~s· ant raws of the !eg1~ature, and _' t he: publrc \:teco.rds of rl ht ~chitr1'(ct, .,and. the pro~eedings of the g~vernor fo,~li acts aH,d pro~ lJl l.}w, ,i~~9/~\}1~ ;<:\~l~}w<tntr ;1and fto rar.tJLmit ·auth~n,tic copies ,;of _ ,,; ,·,, . ~- I 1 ,... . - • . t:ee~u1gs, i~try, fi~"n.9-11.ttl.s, . to t~'.e. .fecretaryrnf Congrefi;•; , , o ,I • 'fl1e r,t!r j ' .. f : .. ~ i~, ~,r1•~ • v, 31,." iJ t~r #,. i~~Jllfl~·, h-J$ff('j~;; .11 - n~ • • z "" may 0 z' I ('-:· ~\ �.N! TERlltlTOit~· . . w:-OF' TH1f:O.HfCf , • 4 - ·pg)Vides,., f~t.·~~rigr~f~ ·ffodJ, ~ppoi~.1t three judge , p·o~!t~!terlr· e~dfo£ ; ~~ ~r~fo~n:~ 1 m ~the d:frnlb m w:h:rdr they'are fo 1:tdide; ·and to hol'~l'their co:ft.Y-: • .!~~1--actes• o~ 'land nuffiOJ;l.$, -.dt11:wg ,g0~gl b'e,haI\n9 m, <l:I)y . two' 9t wi19m- ·ill all form coui:f, •L-.~;h, -~1•,11~a:lf have a, c_om,1?:on • iaw_ ju:·i(dic~ion. The go\ren10~ ~nd•j:udgo-,-, '.ai'c·•.at1Jhori2ed t~ 1 ~d~pti an,d. pubhih: .m the chftncl, foch ,Jaws .of the:. orrg,uar ~.t,ates,' crnmnal an&c1-nl, as• •m~y lie, r...eccifary ,all'cl bti:ft fuitekL t&<th>e--,c;i.r:t:J1m..CT:anc;e$...of the,diftri&, . and ·ret1orf ±lien1~ fo ~opgrefs ;, and, if a<ppvo~ e~:l; ~ney '.fo(l!J}, ~01ntjriµe , i-n f<;n:ce fin t~1e brgmii--zation·of · tlw , Q-e,-1,:ier,al ,,A.flembly of the -difttic1:~:-\v1i..o.''fl:iarl 1luive '.authqrity· to.alter them.:,1 ~he· goyernor . isl •to <;oip~abd' the militia, a1id appoint' and commiffipn ·their officers, 'ex- . • c~pt -geneFa! o:ffice~·s--, w:ho are 'toYbc appointed ahd'·commiffipned b'1y Congrefs. ,, ~ ! • . • • Pn;yiou:Qy: to tpe ~organizatiofl nof t:he •Affemb1 y,, tr[e , governor ,.is t.o· appoint fuol~f magiftra,tes and .civi\ officers, as Diall ·be ot;emed·1iec;€:lfai;ytfor the prefr:rvati.on- o, •pttace t ' 1 ) a: ancl order ...;t 1-', • , ~ ' Wt ,i! . ". . ' ... , ,f·,,t,._ ' t1 --~ ... i1·· , ')' J .... ,.., ":1~.·•:f .iri- {.. r,·' ·)/. --~! .. • . So foon as· there ilutll be 5000 free mai<: 'iiiha-bitanfs df fan age in:rlk ditbrifr; they- I fuall receive .:authority to,elecl: reprefentatives~ one for.every 500 free ,male·inhabitants~ to reprefent them in the Ge'rieral Afiembly .; the repr~fentation to increafe progrnffivcly i with the number of free male· inhabitants · tiff there , be twenty-fo,e reprefentativ_es1;-, after-, which, the 1:mmber and ,proportion .· Pf the:11eprefenfatives •ihull 'be~- g11fa:ted -b.y. -.~ 'the legi.:flatw:e. 'A reprefentative rlmft poffefs,, in ifee fimp1e, 260· a;cres ,o.£ bndi, ',a1'fd r; be a .refident in the cliftrict ; and muft} havelbe'c;n a citizen . of'the Nnited States; or " r~fident in the cliftri&, thr~~ years pr~eedi.n g •hi_s election. ;, An -el~etor ml'lili n'a~c :fifty,: acres• of land rin the cliftrict, muft hive ·oeeh_a 'citiien, o · om~ cif ,the States, . ancl., , ))1Uft ' be ·a refident in the di,ftriB, 'or muft poflefs the.fame freehold, · and •havc1b~eB., f fwo ye~rs c!, refident in 'the diftricl. The ,rq:7refontatiy,es, yvhen dnlfy: d Mte~l, ~t'e to • '· .f,' _ ' _eoptinnv in office two years.1 1 • ,,i,;'J , -· • The General Aifembly, or Legiflature; fua11• confi.ft of the·_ goyefoor, , Tegiila'tive·: ~otmGil; a11:d, -ho'ufe of reprefentatives:_• ,The )egifl~tive ,f'Quneil 1 !hall c9nfift of five mernberp, 'to corttj~ue ,in: offic~ .~v~· ye~rs, :upl~fa fo1:>11~1' r.e ~dved,bf _Cong.refs ; / ~li'!'e~ make -a quorum~ . •l'he coune1l are to be th\lS appo1n.tecl :• ,t he governor .and' repre-·· ,:ientatives, •when ·met,- !hall nomiriate ten perfons, ,reficlents in ±he dift ri&>, . and each , offoffed ', of. a_(reehol'cl in 5do at:l'es of larta; an& i:etu~n: tTheir namds t,q-, ~ongrcfa, \V·hoi . i. 1 ', 'i • , ', .' , fuall appoih •ah'cl comniiffion 'fr\:e of tltein.,to ferve as aforefaid. : ;\(11 bills: paired by a,inajdrity,in tly~h6tife'; and· ip t~Ol}ricil/ ihall be referred·'fo the~ · governor for his ~ifent ; but 11~ : bill; • df legiflative 'act: wn<1tev~~' fhalJ ~e .df':f6rce: ,vithout his aflent. 'The goveriio-r iliall have powe-i· ·to eonvene; _prorogui~;- ap<l •di1J ' •-c folve the General Aflembly, when, in his opinio.rf, 1it'fhaH be expedient. r ' , - '; J , eie&1i' ' . to ballot/ t jnin' by 'l'he }egiflafore, -when 0rganizep,, :fhall h~ver authority) deleg~te; to (:o~u~refs, },y~o fh?ll have a ~eat i11 Congrefs~ ~1ith a right '?£1:~eba_ti11g~ :buj • , ' 11 ! ,,> ,, • : l 1 , l •. ; J, hut 1fot of voting,• clLinng th1.s temporary .gove1J)ment. and religi'm1s li,betfy;which' civ_il oC • " ·And for, exten,ding the·fundamental, prinoipl~s -are-ei·elt'ed"-; t p, • . confl.jtn'tions, laws,ancl their form the h a:fis 'whereon the(e :republics, 1 'and',gov.ei:nJ tittitions, f icon. laws; ,all pf ba.fis the as fix. and e.(tabtifh thofc principle:S,J p1'ovidt1' a::lfo~·-. ✓ :to • t1to1:y:;-' te11 faiH the in be\forinecr arH ,fh he~eafier • ever · for tvhich ments, theh ·a1a ,"'· f~r r -rfol' ! ' ' governmenbthi.1erei11i permanen~ for the eftabli:Oimef1t of :flrate 'a,ncl 0footi11g \v,itl lf'.h,e·ol'rg~i'lalt&ta'.t'<~H l a equ' 01mm' federa1-•counci]s, the in ·Thar-e. to rnifiiqn at-its early pedods af niay be confiftent with the gei1en1l 'in'.te1eft :!<l .... :i,{1 hri, nL!!'.flri:; ·, ~-' ~t; is htreby ordained a d cleflared, by ·the atithorii1"afo1'efaicl', 'l1hat. :t,frc+f&H6'i ri'h¢, ,,, articles !hall be confidered •as ,u-tides of c0mpa&', : bet')Veeh -tlrn%{'rg1'1\hltrfWalf:esf atta1n J the-,people, a-nd States, i-n Hie fa.id territoryl, -and for -ever remain: una1t~ra-ble, un1ds by· • mmorr confont, to wit : "Arti'cle· ' a • ' ~ I ,. , ' ' ' �,. 4;62 • '.J'ERRI1fORY._N.~.'.()F~THE. OHfO: • "Arti~l~ 1ft. No perfon, ·d meaning1_4irnfel£ in a pea_c,eable and o~r}y· iliall ever, -be mofofrcd .on ac½ount 9f hrs ITTftle of worfh1p :or religious fem i lhe •fa.;d ,_territori. • ,, . . . , . l . '; • . , . ," Article 2d. :n,.,, inhabitaats 1of the fa1d territ<:>ry _ihall always be :entitiled tot nefits of_ the wnt of hp.bea~ c.o1·pus1 ~nd of the tnal \Jy)u;y, of a proporti.ona~ prefontat1on. o{ .the reoplc Ill . the leg1ilatqre, ,and 0~ jud1~1al proceediqgs, · to the ,courfe of ,tt1q COJT!lm0n law : ,:all perfons :£hall he.ba1la:0le unlefs for ca.pl fences,. whei·e the proQf ihall,. l)e·1evidq_n~, or _the prefumption great:.; all ftJl pe •mo.d~rate, . ,and no . cn~el ot , u~rnfoal pumihment '0flll bi; .illflicted; 4\il! fuall be _dcpnved of his lt berty or property· but by the Judgmµ.en:t -of his P6CT8, the law of the land·; and fhou~d the public exigencies make ,it ~receffary for mo11 prefervation to , take .any perfon's property, or to demaH.d his par'ticQ1aafu]l compenfation, :!hall be made for the fame; and in the juft prefervation (!)ft 4'\11cL_ptoperty, it is: unp'eri~ood' .and ·declared, that · no law -011ght over·to \>e _m·~.i ,have ;foroe in the faid tcnitory, ,th,\t AiaM in any manner whatever ,interfet:e ,w,· ~ffect private contra~s or engagements bona.fide, andwithoutJraud previouilytiOl'llfltllfli , ·" Art.iclc 3d. Religion, morality, and knowledge; being .neoeffary to go0d-..g., • •meM a'nd the happinefs of mankind, fchools and the means of ,education th.a • .ever be encouraged; _the utmoft goo~ faith :fhall ,a:lways .be obferved , towar fodians ; th.cir bncls and property ihall µ,ever be taken from them without theq, Jent ;, and .in their property, rights, . and liberty~ the_y ,i hall nev_er be invaded or Jurbed, unlefs in j\lfr and lawful warn authorized by •Cc;mgrefs ; but -law& foun juilicc .and. humanity . cfball fr_om time to ;tim~ he m:i<le,. for preventing: wt(imgtt ..done to them, and for prefervmg peace an4 fr1endfhip with them. , . "ArJicle 4ih. The faid tenitory, and the States which'l_llay be formed therein, vfor ,ever remain a part ·of ·this• J'.;01-1foderacy ,-of the Unite.cl States of America, fl t-0 the .articles of confedenu;ion, and to fuch ·alterations therein as :!hall be cen 1tion,a11y made ; and t.o .all .the .alts and o.rdina~ces of the United Sta_tes, in -Co ..;i-ilenrblecl, .conformable thereto. The :inl1abitants and fettlers in the faid 111c~ll be fubjecr to ,pay a ,pcrrt of ,the federal .debts contracted, or to be contracted, ,~ proportionable part of the ,expen<les of government, to be apportioned on th ,Congrefs, according to the ,fame ·common rule and meafure, by" which appo wents tqereof ihaU .:be ,made on the.other States, and the taxes for paying. their .,por,tion,• ihall he :laid and lev.ied by .the;'au~l10rity and dire~ian ,o f t~e legiflat\U _ .t_he diftrict, or .d.if1:r-icts,i ,or ,11ew ftates, as in the original States, within the time a.._.,.._,,~; ,upon by the lJ nited ,S.tates ,i a ;Congrefs affembled. The legiflatures of thofe diitri ,or •new :;;f:ht~es ,th.all never interfere with the_primary difpofal of the foil by the Un :States, ,i:1;1 Congrefs,; affembled, nor with any regulations Congrefs may fimd nee for {ecu-r~ng the title in,§uch foil :to the bona fide purchafers. No ta:x: :QiaU be imjoili <Q:ll Ja,nds itheiprope1.1ty of .t he ·United States; and in no ca{e ihall non-re:fident p)o, ~r]etors ~ -ta_?(ed higher than _refidents. The navigable-waters l~ading•into t,he Mi;6,ppi .,a nd S~. Lawi:ence, and the carrying places between the fame, ihall be c ~ ~iighways, a,nd for ,ev;er free, as well to the inh~bitants of the faid, territory, as to the 1<;itizens ,Gf the Uni.ted States, and thofe of any other States that ·may be admitted intc, .:tl;ie ,c.onfederacy., wit,h,;mt any tax, impoft, or duty, therefor~ • ' •" Article 5th.. There fhall ·b e formed in, the faid territory, not lefs than three, non "1,lOrs: tl;ian five States; and the boundaries of the States, _as foon as Virginia ihall ak~r );ier a& ~;o f . effiori, and confent to the fame, ihall bee0me fixed and efrabliihed M i9JJows,,4iz. ·r_t:'he we.item State-in the faid territory fhall be bou~ded on the Miflifiippi; • · 3 ' tho 4 0 1 �' , TE~ RI':lfOR:Yq N. ,~. OJF/'I,H-{E ~01uo. 463 .f:1,e Obio;- and· W abafh 1:iv~rs : a _<lirett; line drai\vn f~or:µ tl:ie Wabafh ,<1,nd Poft Vin~ €C nt:i clue n?rth~·to _the terntonal ~1he ?etwcQ.n ,1the Umted S~at~s a1~cl 'ta.na~a, an_drhy . the Jaid terntona1, lme.. ·to the f~k'e _of th~ vVoods and the , Mdlifhpp1.... , ;;r he m1.ddle , Stat<:: fba.ll be bou??ed by th~ tuq _d.1;recl: line, ~~he W ab~fh from Poft Vmcents to the Ohio ,;· by the 9lno by a: dire8 lme dr,awn due north from· the motith of the Great Miami ·to the faid territori,~l li taeH and by tne faid te.rrito1.:'ial li_n e. ,The eafterh 'S tate £hall, be bouncl,ed ,·hy,thc laft--me11tionecLdi.focl:' line, the Oh\.0,1.1-?ennfylvania, ana the {';Lid t<!rritorial tiiie : Provi~ded however, · and it lis ,furtHei; untlerftood and declared, that the boundaries of tI1efc three St~tes, fhall be fobj ecl: fo far to be altered, that 1if Cono·refa hereafter ihall find it expedient, they fhall hav.e authority to form one, or two States, in that part of fh e faid territory which lies •north · of an eaft and weft line drawn throllgh th<t fou.t herly bend or extveme '© f ·Lake,Michrg;mr; , and w_h eFqi:ny,10( I the' (aid Sti],tes :!J:i.iJl, nave 60,0'00, fuee in,ha6it-ants, ther:oin, [u<i:h Stated hai111,be :}.d:. rnitted by i~s .dele~ate_s . i:~t~ _th~ ' C?n_f?'efs o,f the .Un ited States, on- ~n. equal footin~ ,with• the- ong1,nal States m all refpeats· w hatew:r ; and ihall be at liberty to form a; . permanent . <;:onftit\Jtion and' (tate gove~n:ment: Pr?vided the ?on:ftitution _an~ goyern-· ment fo, to be, formed ) fhall be republican, and in co11form1ty to~the prmc1ples con-". tained, il)- ,tfie:Ce_ articfes ; an.cl fo, far as it can,be ·wnfifient whh the .general-intereft,of the confederacy,-Jw.chi.- adµli:ffion r,fhall be allowed at anceadier per1oq,, and when theremay be a,lefa number of free inhabitants in .the State'than 60,000. . • , . , , ·" Articfe 6th. ,Tq.ei·e fhall pe neither flavery. nor inv:ofontary fervitude 'in the,faid ... territory,. othep,yife' than in · the punifhme·n t; of crimes, wh~reof the party fhall· have been duly · convicted : Provided always,, that any perfon-efcaping into thy fame, ·fir01J1; ' wh.9m labqur or .' :fervice is lawfully claimed in any of the original States, fuch fugitive may oe fa~vfolly, re.claimed, and conveyed t~ the perfon claiming his,.or her labour or , fervice as aforefaid." • • • • • ' Such rs, the prefent .government Qf the Weftern Territory, ;md fuch th~ -politicaf Qbliga:ti9ns,of the. adyenturers into. thisfertile and ddightful)parl of the U~ited ,States,. ' . In the 01'iil1nanee of Congrefa, for the gpvem.ment. of this territor,y,, ,it is provided,,. that after the ,f~id. territory acquires a -certain , _degree 0£ ,p~pulation, _it · fhaH be c;li~ Yided ,into · States. The eail:ern State, that is thus provided to be ·made, is. bounded on the Great Miami on the weft, and by the Pennfylvania line. on the eaft~ 1 '1:he center ofthis State wiJI fall between' the. . Seioto> and· the Hockhocking! At the mouth of one of thefe rivers will probably be the feat of government- for this State .; anal if we may indulge tlie~fub1ime ,contempl-ation-of beholdi:ng the whole territory of the United States fettled' by an enlightened' people, a:nd continued· under one eft-ended • government, on the river Ohio, and not far from this fpot, will oe the feat of empire for the whole dominion: This is·i central to th:e whole' ; it .will'. beft accommodate, every part; it 'is the fnofr pleafant, and probably the .m,oft healthful.t 'c . ' •t The fettlement of this e<:nmt~ has ,been checked,. for fcveral yea1;s paft_; by the\ m~"" happy Indian war, an.' amicable termination ofr.which; it/ is ard~ntl}'i wifhed, might fpeedily take place. · • . • ._ . , , '" . , • 1 1 ' �-, -ffhe THJJ,rn, . a,n,d much the lqrgefl 1. • • ~RA ND .::Di:vl:SJON '.:. __ L 'MARYLAND_, · . ,l·':' 1 • "YIR G-INIA, 'I' ,... ':'1 ' .. ·, N:01tTH CAROLINi , .,. • ✓ J'.. .t.., ,_ • ,• • ,o f tb.e ·u • I .l , NIT'ED, ST ' _ , 'T .E RkITOR Y 'S'_;UTH , ·KENTUCKY, t:• I , .! , of O.iI1 ~~U'I'H CA~QLIN.A, anQ, ; ' GEORGU.: ! t c ; ; • f I ~ Fl'IS·_·e_xten~:v~ ·divi~om i~'l bou~ded nodh py<Pertnfr~vani_~ and thel~hio rlv~r ;. we , by t he . M1ff1ffi.pp1 ; fouth by Ea~ anci W,e:ft Flor,1da; eaft/ by the -A'.tlar'ntm ocea , T and the ·_Bela\Y~re 'State. - Jt. is -i~f'etfe&ed in a N. ~- 8:ncl S. W. dire8:ion_~ by th~ range -0f Aflega.11y mountains, which giv~ rife·to many noble rivers, ·which fall eithef inh> th<:: Atl_antic ·.on ;1:h,e eaft; @re the ·MiffiffiJ>pi_ •n the weft~,_ From the fea coa'ft:1 fixt_y;, eighty, and in {op:ie parts :ro6 miles ha.els, t-O:\rar.qs ·! h ~ n10l:ntains, the. CC>'4ll~ .:".gene1~aHy :fj_Jea>king, is nearly a: dead let:Vel; and•;-a rv.ery 1at_g-e proportion' or it is covete in 'its 11atura1 ftate, 111'"'\vit}i,-. pjtch t pi.nes. ( In rthe neighbourhood \of ' :(hig1'iartt .'W'aJ • 'Y];i~oh ...~b9u~1d i/1 thi:3 Jr vel co:ui:iti);, ; ~~e i11Jn1bi~ants ·are..fick1y. IJ: the back, ~ f• and mounta1.nous countty,, they· are.-as healthy .as 1h\ any; _pad of America~ •· ~ ,,.,,.,, ...,.. : , ·Tl;iis di:(lricS}:' of the {Jnicm co1itains ·tlpwards of,0'ne·•1nillion nind'imridred th~~ iriha:p-j ta.,nts., ' of wh0mt 648;it'.39 a re ' ila~eSF which ,is 'thiPtee~ 'fou{Mentb-5',of, 'the '' ' lllll)J:~ of £av.es 'iJ.1')he pited States. ' Jihefo:ffluence of ilavery rhas prdduc€d a . difting1;t\;!hi-ng featuri in -the general -character of the 'i nhabitants, which~ though . c:lifc~rµiple to _th~i.r difa~vantag~; has b~en fo~tene~ ~nrn:ielior~tea by the_lb.en1gn . i of th,e ~e:v;oiut10n, an.d the pr o_gr~fs of'l,1betty_ :an_d ·hu,mamty. . --,~ ·: • • ., · The_ foll_qwin g- m?-y be ron:fidere_d •-as" thb 1 princip~l•~ rocluclio s of. •this- ctiy tohaccp; rice, 'indigo, wl1eat/ coh1/ eotton;;t ar;/pitch, turpentine, a:nd' lumher. • J_n fbis, di,firi~ i~ ji_x,ed-t];ie ·pi rmanen.t 'f~at c;>f Jhe _g en_e :al _g?VCflµI)Cnt,. :, • . _ I u t 1 'l, , .-;_,• r-- ' r ~ • ~ ·, •. Il •~ J , J _ , ' • ' ' - '$ ,, i . ! �EXPL.d.NAT.T O.N \1:i.v ~~y l1nlor, Pn --(z:t~t,,,ltJfi/,,,y hmt,_..,.l'n ,m,lS pnnifhJ>twri1iniona ·-·- ·-·-·- ·O,O'U,',,n,,//,;,...,, _ _ ffltlil ········ · ·•{~:~,:~:;:,:~;:~'Y • 3.\ C 1 ,., .~'. t ;,lori't~;.,~,,~ //~ ·B,,#., ,,-,-:-~ • O;\·J:.i11 . A v 1f ,A .P ( o;;he iiA TES of ) vIRGINIA ,N ORT.lf C.AROLDY A' SOU T H CAR O LINAAND GEORGIA : Co-mp:i:cl1c1.uting the S1•.ANlSH !>ltOYINCJ-:s of .hAST A~o, rVxsrFL O.RIJJA : - - - A:duhl1i{!7 /1,,,Jlomlflani :r - - - as fisetl by the lntcTrea ty ofl? c1t cl'.' b..-twec n. the U:-.rn:n S-rxr.t:s nn1l the SPA:Sf.SJl D o~n~ro.x s. l(N11p1'/n(//t1m /{l/l'J"11r,,~1•.r.<.· ()l,.,-,•riwt/011.r ·b,, .liu,plt J'wrdl. 20 �.~. c_·cmn(ie~4 - . • No. 'Enhabitants. l - C~u't):ti~s. . ,t,.:o. fo'hab"itat1tw._ . ·:rHarttord-'. 14,97'6 ' ·r: ,Cecil • ·. f • (' 13,625 , Balt4nfor:e 25,434 : 2 , 1(ent • n,836 J_ · Do. Tc:wn_& P1;ccin&s ' I J;":503 -1 ~u~~ Ann > - 15,463 , 12::: ~ Arn:~ Arondd " 22,s96 .rJl . Carolrne. •'l},506 • -;~ ~ FrederiGk 30,791 ,I ~ ,j r~~alb~t • ,13,084. ,4,-809 1<.;:. -, Somc-rfet ..13,6 rn 1 Allegany , vVafh.· ington ·_ .15,:82:~- :1 i1 Dotcheilet ·1'.,,875.' • , ~ 1:f?ntgomery .. !I '8 ,ooJ .._ .LvVorcefo:';;l· , ~n,640 : ~ Pm'lce George 2 L, 3 44 r_ ,. • ' ·- - - -· - . ·---.. ·1 Ca.lNert ,8,6~2 ' • Eaftem Shore 1:07,63f .•• Charles / '' 20_·,6 f;;i"_. ·I' I, .Wefiem Sh~,:~: ,>-,,r - ' 2. r2-,08s, • l • i .' :, "5"1 i 1 lSt. Marj's , Total • .......y '1,~,544 ~..-- , . ,/1,-J 2,08•9 ·a i ··, · •. • , • • : ~umber ,,b fSlaves in the State ·103.;036~ . ·~. • ........i: ......____ ,ri¼tal 1-n 'theS'l:atc •• . .s19,fit: •~ . t~ 1 . ~ lE'2\-cl1 ·of . til1e ctn;mties. fends four .i:eprefenta:tiv-e~ fo the ho'Ufu -of.del~gat:es, \befrcle~ '11.,\,4.i_ich •the ~j/ty of Arma~lis., a~d ,town of Baiti1norc,-fei1d ea:ch tw.o. ' •. _st1 BAY,~, AND •RivERs.J ·O h.ef~eak bay:, -as we 'h ave a~r~a:dy hinted, ,<liv~aes ·this 'Stat~ into the eaftern ~.nd w~e\'ll f.lirvifions. Tb.is -bay, which ·is the fa1!g-eft 'in the United States, ,yM particularly :ae(crihed in the · general account of 'the Un1ted Sdrt~s.· It. -.afforos· m~y good :$i_;!he11-es; and is 'i-ema-l"k-abl~ for .the e:icelle.nce .o f its •c rabs, a.nd alfo for a pai::ticul3:1: · f:pecies of wilc}-d:uc'k., called" :canvits bac'k'.'' 1 fo a,comme!rcia1-view, it is of -immenfc ·ad,tan.tqge lo. ,the:· tate -~ ' rt Peceiv-es .a number of lm·ge rivt'rs. Front the , eafier:n .ihor~ in Matyla9d, •among other frnal'let ones, • it teoeiv.cs Poco .. .:moke; Natl'trk.oke, Ch@ptank, Cl'tefter, anc:l •E~k l'ive~·s. . ¥tot~.1 tht .norrh, the _:rapia s :u fquehanpah; and from the ,~eft,' Patapfco, 'Severn;· Pal1.1*ent, a:nd Patom.ak,' h~lf '{') f which is ·in Maryland, and half in Vfrginia. Except the-Sufqttehannafri and Patbrnak, t,hete ai:e :fin.all rivers .. Patapfco ri-'Ver is D\rt about thirty or forty yai:ds ,yide at the ferry, jt-ift bef<_ffe ,it .empties into thc ,bafon up.9n wpic.h iBaltrmo1:e ftan<ls; its fource -is ,ih York county "in Pennfylvania:; its 'OOUJ.'fe is J?Uthwardly till i! reaches .E!kriclge Iandin,g., a,bout eight m;iles wefu,yaird of .Baltin:1m·c ; it then tluhs e~.ftward, in a br<>ad ,hay~lik.c ftrearr(~~)>:Y Baltimor-e, ~vhic'h it leaves em ~he_:norfJ1,, .and paffb into)he ·Chefa~ I _ ;peak,.: , ' • , . • _ . The entrance ~i1to B~ltim,or~ harbollr, .abou~ ~ mil-e1b~l~w ~elf's Point, is hardly prftol fhot acrofs, a1Jd of con.rte may be eai1lydef~p.ed a-gamft naval force. . - Seve~rn .is :a ~1~-t , i~coofi.oorable T-iv~r, pa-ffi,n_g ·by Afi.napelis, vihid:i it lea.ve,s to ,the fmath, ,emptpng, by a broad ·mouth? 1_nto the Chefapeak. • .i . . . . • .. Patux.ent is , a larger river than 'the Pata~o ;' it rifes iri Atrn Arundd county, and ·_ . •runs fatrith:,,eail~ardly, and then, .ea.ft into !11e bay, :fifteen oi• tweilty mile~ north of , .the mout<q of Patqmak. There are fev.eral :fina.H.r ivers, ft1ch as _Wighc~oniic;o, .Eaft':" ,.e rn :Branch, •Monocafy, •:a;ld 'G-one::g@~heague, ,vhfoh. emi)ty'inlcY'Fatomak river fr0'µ:i ,the Maryland :fide. . ' . • ~ , - ' . • • • . _ ' ,F...A.cE op 'l'HE CmrNTR'Y, D-tMA'rE~ ,&rr,.,' AND PRo>oucTION~ .. T iEnU of the blue ,ricige '0f . moun~ains, ·which ·.fh'dcbes acr9fs f the we1h~rn· part of_ this' State, the lan'd, like that in all the fouthern: States, -is generally lC::vel and free of ftones; and ~ppears to have been made much in the Cam.e way,; of ~rfe- the_foil muft be fi.milar, . and.the natural growth aot remarkably differeh..t~ ' • 1 JO • The �~ M W~Rt~. ~ ~ ; ~ i N D·.. ~ . . r,,Yf1~·ir&1in<ljii,' ttni~rmly le".el 1and·,fov¥ ,irr mo-itJof2the CO~'L!11res1ron t1.ie't eafternt;!Ji,ore;, an·a c;·confeijliently1 covd~)in 'man •'plac:es fvvi~h.Lfia.gnr1nt ,.water, ·.excep~ wlierd·it is;i fer!eB:ed• by ~numeJ1ous-,c,reekS'. ,Here ~lfo andarge tracts of n~artr-q ti~Jai0h~~d tfog th,~ dayf l'oad f ffi<.t atmofph:ere ~ith ' vaporu-,i t_hat.~,a.Hs i,1v dc1w1rjq,t'1GtQlofo ccif t ~lfwmro~r and featfotis, w ltch'. are i1c,k l l • 1Fhei fprrng and fonunot ar~ n1:oib healtlly.. 1c' !!·i.tr.orw 1 •The 'foil. of ,the ' gooai'_l'and•' in· Maryfar:id is,of .'fu,ch mJJia.ture ,a11d qµa:lity; ast.t?.ntiro.. •-duce from: fwel'!:_~ .,to I frxteen hu:fh.GlS of wheat,. 'Ori.from , tv,'senty t(j)., tihirty,1.\)1;1:;fh¢l(,r:~f Jndt:in cbtn •per acre. •Ten ,];).uihels • of wheat, a11d)fifteen bufhels10£ ·,a©,rn1peI):aQre,, ni'ayib'e·tlie innuai average crops in the State at•hirge. l •( ·, '·· I tftu.' '\/',f()f , • • Wheat .and tobacco are the -fta-ple commodities,~. Tobaaco is gen!Xmlfy :'c;.tiltiv't!edi,in fets; _by' ·Ji~~toes,: , j~ •tne _1fe>~lowing n,-~nner : , Th foed is- fown iinJ be~s- of , fi.~m 1md.uld-r , and1 tranfplanted the .b€gmnmg of 1]\fay;. the plants ~re fet. af the d1ftanc~ IQf tp.Jee 1Qr 'four·feet frQm each other, and,are hilled ·and kept continuaUy1£re€ 1of. "'veeds:,:1 hen . as many leaves hav_e ihot out ·as thr foil will nouri:fh11io ad¾antage, yth,e fop r0f the · • plant' is broken; .off/ which prevents its growing higl:Jei: : it is ca1eJulfy 'kept afo~r of • ~vorriis, ~tnd' . he fucker~,, which put : out betweeru the leaves,: .~re tak<ll ofF: art ·pf9per- , timesl 'till the pJant arrives-at perfection,- which is in Auguit__:'.,,vl_ien the,leav;es 1tur.!ll •of ? 1 Hr9wniili ' colour; land' pegin to 'tbe fp@t1ed, •ithe pfa.:qtr.isJcmt :dowl,)l,~d1hut1gcd p • to ' dry, aft.erJ1havir!g fweat in. ,heaps one n,ighL • Whea it can tbe banille.4; withota. ctnmbling,r' which is alway in moift weather,. the leaves are ft.ripp€d fro.m tth:€ ;ltalki'./ and 'tied in vundtes} and packed for-,exportc1;tion:in •hogihe~ds•containing, 8.oa .?r 900 poun~ • N o'ftick.ers n~r.l ground leaves: are alfoo/ed to .bei rn.erchantabJe. ;An in:dui}riou~ rperfQ 1 nla:nagt•6000 ·pl<J.nts 0£ tobacco 1, ( whi.01:i, yield ;J 0901b.);.ari.d f@UJ\ aci;es.,,&£ ,,lndi~~ cofrl.1,-l • ,'".(! , .I il' I ' _; , • ;u f; • h 1, t ~ •-'l) ,'~JC.J ,. ,,' l..,J . :~i-', i>~"Hi~}if.) v I'n , tlie' 1rnterior ,country;.- on the upfand~ . aotrfidhable. quantities .d( nempi'.a nd:8~· •are "r'aifed. ' ,As-lon,g ago asr 17 5 1, in the month' of iD&ober-, . no lefs 1than :fixty W"!)-1 gons,. loaded with flax-feed, .came down to. Baltimot~ f~om t1ie. lfack cotmtrr,~ , , l i, ,ff,' • CJ?wo •a1ti:cles'-/ are fuid to·' be. peculiar tbi MrufyJ~ntl, ;v.iz.!-Jhe ig~nuine;whiite'w~eat" ;'w'nic!-i' grnws ,in 1Keri.t; ..Qu:~en !Ann's a~d,Taibot C<j>unties, .o_n ,the eafte:mJhore, .and, , wlii~h 1 degert~rates) in othefi :places,. and 1 tli!e· b:right lµtce si,faot tobacco, ::whic~_~is pt \hi& d)at ]fJ!~ridge; -on,th:e Pafuxept, on,the w.e ftern. fuorer. •'•). _r, 0 1~.ri trrmr, ')ffc u ,1 l.' ' 1 "'.Artiong •1other., kin;<ist'of timbei-o i5.tlu.e1.oak,~. of .fev.eral:,kiNds, ;which .is (j£ a flitraigb._t . grain; ~airq.:1eafily ,trives •info :ftaves, (.for 'exportation. HP~ blatk ,~Lp4t is in rlemaa~ fcH:i 0 oabirilit&i . :ablesj' and ,othe:r: .fornciture'.' t The ·.~J?pl~S l;,o,f this "~t t ~ ye,Jarg~11.'ht&ft • ·~itiea1y ;( tlheirpe'adh ets plenty ·and•good: from_t_h~fo ,pe i:rihabitants 'Hlir cyder;i.b andJ.r and veach brandy~ , ' ''. 11 ,,~ - ) .) ' ' ,11 J • 'lf.,!1 ii' •• ( I .. . J.v.c 1 'TFi:e1 'fore'fts I a:boM with nuts ,of; vari'o.u.s ·kindS', iwrhieh a:i:e colleaively ,€alkd,,11.UJJ . \ in °1i1'~s~.1 ' 'j_ff.£,yafr <lnumb,e w -'o f ~fwi'n:e are '.fed, whi@h.t r.un .'Wiild ~ inJthe:W'(i)'O:ds,1,; hbofe f,\rint~V' \vlfep. ,. fa ,fe , :>at,e .( caught; kill<td, bartelhtd,Yand) <i:XpI;fote'd, i.n.1greia t<quadtsi • ,. ~.rKr Htra:ffic fJrmerlt was, farried: on to· a :very.•con:fider.abl~ exten • ;, Dpu:glas, fay.s, that ' ,d . ·'.n : > th'euyiard17~(~, ,w,b,i&h 'ka:s_a good,mafting yeall-l •0lle &,entle111an J·a..pfa,nt@\12lll\ ', ,~ €re·haJ.111 ~h3Yltg11fl:a5flfalfea.t,up .l3o'bo barr.els'0f p<illk.:' J! (}' 'lJ;J.11' ' • nr;u+r ' sq} I, ll~ . ·v 0 P , Jr1f:i\fifotP:A:~~ •€:a AR ArCTER!. ~ 0 J '\fhe 1>d1rnlatid oft,this State 'is ~eXi'Bibita.prlP 1~ 'fore~dfng'.Hta!J§le1p y r.ithatit • ~ppeairs;.nthat,the numberfJof,iinh<1;hitai:ntslin~tih '5t~;~ !~ ' Jcludin!!t ~1 lite ~Fffigfo~sif\1sJJ3~~~ ~~,11,\i:h1QJ!}jt 15.s (fieal'1X'- twebty..!thire~l~f./ eM~J:,lf).fqhare ~• • "'' Flie,ihh.aBita:'fit~ 'lexe~.pf<infrtillie pbp.l\lfous1t-0'Yhs,r1liv-;e,o t:hcirl pia •tafrruis,\ofte~v ~ miles diftaQ.t. from ea~h other. To an inhabitant of the middle, and efpecial,y p( ' fire ·"' ftetn'·H5' ate ;·wmch rare thiclrly ·uopttJ.attd; • they· f.aopetrr':.to 'iive·-veF"f rnti.r~ -and , t•,. J •• 1;.H1 ' 1t1,1•0:f. v \ · r·110)~tljrJ1;ct ' .• t,'.r- •.,, t'~ 11)~ 1·p 'd f < ' ~•n tfi I; . ,! thel' !' 'f na.i~ un1oc1a ires.. • 1e eueus orr,,"th • 1s c~mpara~ 1ve 10 h . e r~ ywuie }Il • ~?.n: 1 ., r,a 40 i .. . _ . , I 1 ran ·{w may \ "'J,-. _. j../ • •· , • I • ~ ' . • �. ' M vA R: Y.E M. N·1P~ ~ . - 467,_ . aff wctl as fo·.1h0 ~ainners' ·~md t;lrn.ta ~fJmii,ny bf;t11e qouhtry peop~. ·,.rY Olli~bfeo/e.,c6mpat,ftivel3/1·;)ihle.'- uf: that cheerfo1 ,fj)riglitlihe{s ~.o£rl •oki rand ·acti.<;m, . w~i,chiis·th~, invaida,: .. r . hJ1, f!,hd-gen:u}ne Qffspr-img ,of {O"e:ial i~;t,te.i;c0urf<i,,r ,n13i::' do you, find :tl)at 1.atJenti,on ,p;aid,}p ' d:r.<ifs<Jmhitfh 'tis eommODj·J a1\ldswhidH0:~1tei11cy• andt· ptoprietywh?,V~-·PGHdGrecl 111escHP:.r,y _among people ¼ih0 ,areJiablonto1r~c-&iv,e. 1o~pa~y ~a_ln;iqft ~~er,y day :/ µnac<;:uifr~m,edi in ~ .g,t:eat m~afore, ' to.i£:i:eqy1.en.t .aimrfo~Gnt}-ly:1iVci{its/ \hex often-,fa:ffe1:1{tOO )ffi\lijh:i,neg1i-~ eBc¢ 1lflHtlr~iritlrefa. As H1y n..e.groes p,erlhrmfall tl:l't; manl:)<1:l-lab0µr, uhe,ir rpafters •,ape 11:lftH,to:"faui!l.ter -aw~y-1Jife ·in":; fl-9th, ~and ~too -0ftc_n)n ,i,gnot3:nce. ,'.J;hefo obfei·v.at~ons, ( :however, _muft, in-juftice, . be limi.itf~-to_1thei:peQpte ,in, Hw count1,·y, -~n.dr.t,q, thGfo,parti-cula'l'ly lv'ilrnfe p~v".enti,or parfim.o".ny prevei;1t s, 1their-lp<t,rrding a p,~~t qf thc-ii1,ti~e ri n ;po• 111i16\ifs t15vvns~l 0 ~ '0t11orwife ,mingling i vith t.he-w,o,rld i; ,,a:JH1,with,, thefo Jiwi,!,~tiO.I).S', t!1ey : ;i.:vi]J,.1©'9:'i.ially -a.p;ply to':aH1the~fouthe!n1$ta,tes. , /J] l{e'lnh~9ita:1,1;t9 of .j:,h.~ rpP.J3,~1l<?US, to\y,µs,, and'•t~cifcl1from 'the< iot1:nt-n1-t}Y p.oihav;d int½fcoui·fe •with ' tl1~m.i~ a1ce~ ~P their i;nanners ,ap\i ·, ct1froIP$', genteeb.andagreeaili>M. t,qJ ,~,. .. , i , {t,,· •• 1 ,> 1,. 4 O't, f.' ,lfJ.. ,r rri ".· l ~hat p,xide :whioh., girmys m1f~a--~ry,':-a11d, is bahitu~l t-0 thofe:who: 5ro~ • fheir,,fii,- ' fatJeJ' 'a;-re ttaug.'ht (9'• ~l~eve/ an.d 'to foeLthGir foperiorjty;, is 4:1: -v;ifi bk ' cba111.clerif~it ·of 1:tib.e .inhabita!1ts _ofJ,M.ai;yJan{j ;'-\ bu.P:wit1:1 this cha,~a&~1ift~. we p:rn.ft _.n.ot J iil· tp1conn;< pt 1 1 -tbaj;rofrhofp1ta(].rty _to.,ftranget'.s,, wh1chi,,is.i eq,i:tf!lly ,unJYl€1ifal,<1,np. .Gb:v.t~-~s, p 1i]ylan,)'i -of t~e . _wo,th~:n }1.<;>ffe~s .aU <the amiab~e,. :·ahd maJJ:f of the_el~gant .acc0,Jnp!ifhm~nts,~fit;l,1~i[ ,fex~. . ,n,'.J'lie •mha:brtants ·ar~,:,made~up· ofo var10u~·•nat10n_s pf, m~nyv_Q.1ff.e1;~1l;H:i,:~1:!fl,<l41>1 fynt,~- imeµts i 'few Jgenefal ;0bfcnvations., therefore,1H.O( a_,char-a~en,ft~c~l kmd, . . ~v;1J\ iaJ~pJ)J.': ;1t niayJ~e 1fa,id, ho\¥ev:erJ ·with gre;it truth, ~tha:t the,y.,ate in _ge_ner;;.;l y,e·i;y; .f~d~r.al,i- ,aq<il_;fri~n~-s :t:~.:good gove!,nlilen.t:. 11 .T~ey: ,©~V~ li~tl~ lillQriey, a:h ,Sf,\te, ,Jln.4•,;tff Yt~l1i11,gj.,~~W,:rab)§. to . -cl.-if~harge the1,:- debt~~ th~ir credit ·\s very good.; and ,1although they haye fo gre1tt,. a1 propqrtion~.o(, ~lavc;s; )ye _;a_, nu~ber\~~1intJ.\i,~ntA~l,gentlemerfh,aRy evi,p~~d~1th~ir 11:u,man}ty:and the,ir .difpoBJfi?n to ~b9lifh; (at-9iCre;p1J"tabl~ t.a 1ti;,a.fflr, b~<sf~miiig ,them(ehres iQt-0 -a focietylor1:ihe a:boht1~11 0 1f negF01naveiy..,) I a.frµ l ''li!J' l ,,l•;;rt t-J rltrv. k,1 ; ' ,il ·r ' ··- ' ,_.h:'CHrnF U:ow::Ns.~ ANNAPo:i:,rs {(l.ity)+:i:s/, the. capita\ ·o£iMa,ryJ!!.nd, ran~ tthe ~~G::i}thieft to.~vn J_l!)f _its frze~h~ Aµi(i)rica -,.:.· ittJi~. fituated ~ttt:1:ie.' p:;iputn"Qf•SeyHr , riv,er,~·,op. a hea1thy..fpo_t,r;,1.36J,rp~l_es (outliwDJ3aJtin10.r e rJ,; .t,,?s ,a ·p,lpe~ 0£, httlr note jn,t:hecGW\'!JilPrci~l ,~Rrld. : • , Th~ hoqfes,, about 260 in: ;number,, ar,cfrgentri,¼\1)fd,i1,tge.~Ac~!'l•e\~g4t1,t, J~iq~fkvi ,of.:_gtf)at ': i\V'~fl-lth ·:, the·f oumEer 0£, inbabitants idoes,~mq •:€JSG,.<;e~-;zf~9.9 •.,c-, T.;h,~;•dei,igr:i,19fr !];t-ofit :who tJ)l~~necl ;.the ·city iwas to lia}l'e the. w.hol~-_:i'q,,the1{orrorpfr ~rnin:;l~;- rM'ij'g; j hef, :r,e~t~I.ilik,e ra.dii, peginn.ing atrthe,centei: wh~1:e th ~ Stat:ei;Ii10µJe1~ahds l1'D4.n~.:i1JiJmc~~diNffg\ng'. i'.n ev-eryiairect:iOii. ): The, ·principal , p:11t: 0C-t9e ,buil~i1(~s rare, ar1p,-pgP<ill;agf6e~b}y •l ~.Jp.is , 2;ukwar1 pl~1i. • T~e -~tate Houfe ,1s.ia~ elegarrt p-mldmg,.j , • •• : '{i.Jft.1 d d-rn:'ll., .tf ,; ' , , rB,k ,~1,M ~,E has had the mofi: 1.ra,p15:l1gro,\v~. of, *\-Y;fPW~-RJ.v ~'µ;§ 9.9M-1~eg\,;; ~nfl,11is the foutth ,i:n :frze .apd1tner1iftht in tr.adtt-1,in .t1ie !Jdite<ili 'Stat.e.s.~k(rlt;; ;ies:ttt-J.an ude,,32° p,,1~, . .o,ri. flrermorth fode. 66 ,Patap.fco 1 i;iv.er1 1aeroup.d wJl\at i& ueajJ~d -,t.1)ea~ {E\'P, ·,;1fwhJ -pr;the w'ater fi\t ,coµimon tide~·-j~"ab(!µt 'IS,v,e QJ\ µx:feet I dee_p'~i.J.L~a}_tjwqt~§J.'flj iH?,<! J1#Efthe . .!own:and)leH's :e,0iµh l2y, a: er~~f~vor eH • hfo}1., e~f w~-)bizi~~~; t'~~t th~~!,, u£e~eN¥end, J.ll a fparfe ,frtuaho'n ,, from one to th~ ~theiwisat)&)}~L[l~ij. _~l\ } ·~t(it1~s.~9yll,,i~90,Rgh , (orr1}i,Ipf O"folluarde,n ·;t but ,(rrl~U e~d.~•~mJ:-~g~~ Jo ~.bfJ tQ;Y{JlL\Jf& ItWc\JtQIJ 19.fJ\1t;4":Qwn, _ •4s~lq~ and~w~ fo~~ly,!;un1i~~.hbwr;-,!lo;~bt:ite~m-!:lr~%f%~frro~~Ji,j~n~J <fJI~\!tfo lQ.: , ., ote, ~!l~-e1.!-el'l:d~rncy1::0 f,::w.lsi11di.,•:1 Jf~rd.ei1no~J-01'JtP ,iil~f1_P~1 ,~ai;n;ltt~ ,4 fl\)1/ };\2~sifg m.t:·Yr~;P } tftbi.~9~ :Jthl3/tm;Pll©~IUents,:tha1 -b~v;eJ bp~:lilir_in.a~,fl~WCU~~-4fJ~ :t,at p~ JW-~g~1tr!l · ru:r.~te,3 ,At'2;ve w 1C£10$s .:, J,,,.1, ~~U;i.rm1t- 5JJt o ;,r~~,Jt<ltdl;Li: U:.$ 9T' • -~1:t~.d.t . 1,bs:3; ~1:0.£1 tnnJlib' e~1rm:, • ·JI i,.* H:m po,m;t·o(. fiz~,,,.r~h~ tO}:V,,w1~9,!$he~\J:n1~iA}r~~e - ' W, ~Y. '3p-j -d, QfJhJS:SW9~r.:--.f:~•lap.elil?i~ ' ;w.~ffk, Boil: n cBalpmoi:e , harle,llnwn &c. B . nt • trace New- or!<, Fhuaclelpni •1 '13o lon • aiJe'1to•wn ~:gah1 rr:Jr.!:"~t-· J l. , µ~ ~ j'~ LJ.l'' SI.t; J. ~ .... ,li J:;'.!l>'lft. l,) a;!,\ U) i:U')Jll:t .::i~'l. , --~·:rd l IW)o h w~ J I. . "' . , .:, · ., • ,3 Q 2 .. • iendered .- a ���'I' 4·~ txo4ixH,y ariotbe ', runnlng; du~ · eaa a~d-w~ft, ~which ··pa:ffes lhrougli ·l he .fa~e ; atea!. Tht·.fe 1iriesJ\vor.e r E\<tiuratel y. 1n1eafure'd, and,,made, -the-1bafe's -011 :vhieh the wholel pla-t ,yas i¢xeeutd l. H :nm all the lines b3/·.a tranfit inftrurnent, and <leterminJd Jthe a .u aw"les,by acld.l -ii::tr~a:inl'ement; .J eac;1ing :nothing:.to thertnttcrtai bty oftht coinpafa. ,f 1q .-,Ml:NES7A N D M A'N tJ'F' ,(CT'iJ R ES.] !M.1ne5 @f ii:oh ,om,, ,of a fop~,rio1· 'g lla.lfty, '1aboimd· • ~nany i:)arit' of the' Sfateh<F'tn:nac,es tfon·urrning· this ore .ii:itt1f pigs ancl:-.:hollow wa.1'e,'a11 · for~e~ _to refine pig iron_i/1to bar~, -are n~merdus,_ ai1d ':~)rked to great ~x!~.n t~a.nfp1,~flt • This is ·the only,manufadnre,of, nnpbrtance earned on 11il the \State;ri exeeptt1~0~ tha of 0(1 'H,<r 1 •;c 1- o· ' .1 . wheat .irito fl.ottr and curing tobacco. with the Baltimbre~~ from on •. T 1t•A;o'E.7 • Thertraclc of Maryladd is principa11y carried pla~e '_fo,ithef<t Europe! of other· States, with'the W dl Lndies, and with fome parts they fend -ann~1ally _about , 30,00~ bogfueads,pf tol?aoco, befides large q'faantit~es"bf, whe?t, flour, pig iron, lumber, and corn ·; bea ns, pork/ and fl.'ax feed" in fmaNe q1:1:antitit.s; "and receive in_return, clothing for th eia1fdvcs and negroes,, ,an~l other cl~ goods, wii:1es, lpiri ts, fugars, •and ?ther vV eft India, com nodities._, The I balanc~ ti . 1 1 « • l_ A , -,, • , , . ) , , • bcret1eraUy 'in their·favour. r ,/(?tsJ ,f ~~l~, l,; l\' t~V ·. I, £rom'Qct.'. Baltimore from i The 1:ota1 an',\'OlilHt o(e:x::por.ts 0¥ •I~,,, 2,02.7,7771 _·- · ' 1789, ~o Sej)t, ~9, 17'cj0; ' w_~s ' ,- •-> -i• -.r ;r,_945'899 55 r~ i' 1 ,Value of n~ports for the·fame tune' 3, 131,2·27 1.55 , . , Exports fro_m Oct. _I, . 1790, to Sept. 30, _1791 filming the ]afr mentioned period, the qµantity of wheat ~xport~d was .20.5,571 bu:fliels ·; Indian corn, 205,-643 ditto; buck wheat, 4,286 ditto; peas, 10,6 1.9 ,dittq bcfides 151 ;445 barrels of.vheat flour ; 4; 3 2 5 ditto; Indian meal; 6, 76 r ditto:, bread i 1 I ' , • • ', "1 ; \' ; and 3,.1p 4 -k.egs o f '.crackers. a Maryland, in ' •:fettlers firft • RELIGION.] The Rom.an Catholics, '\vho,'we:re _the Epifcopali~ Protefta:nt are the moft nume1:ous , religious feet. ' Befi<les thefe, <there : Englifh, Scotch, and Iriih Prefbyterians, ,German ,Calvinifts, German .Lutheran Friends, .Baptiits, Methodifts, Men,nonifts~ Nic9lites, or new Quakers·; _who all enjo ~ f ~ '·· , • r , ,, : • •. .i . liberty of coi1fciencei ; · . , -Somerfet1cJunty, ·ivi in acadeniy, Waih.ingtoh .. '&c.J ,LEARNING, OF &•'SEMINARIES ifu:fufcriptig volq.ntary by fupported is and founded was inftituted by law i.p. .I 779: it to holdJ2 OO;i .and legaoi~s, and gifts receive to authorized• tis and donatio'ns, a1'.fd private of tru 111,imber the' increafed 784, 1 "in paired law, tb'the fupplerrient A fand: acr~s•,of ) 1. ,, •( •. 1 • tees from eleven' to fifteen. • •)J fo . I-!J-8!i,_s.- a coUege~was in~ituteq. at 0 heftertown, in Kent county, and was honodre& '\\Tith the name· ,o f ,W!AsHiN&T-oN CoLLElG"E , after Prefident Wa:iliington ; lfl is'.un~ -t h {miti.agement .o f 2,"4A1-ifitorstor g-0verno1s, with p@wer to fupply vacaili.cies and11N,Y, ieftates,' whofe y~arly value ihall not e:fceed 6oooL cu,rrent money. By ia 11a~ 1€$ ~ in> 1-<787 ,.u~r~~~~1!t fun~. was gra1;tted t? 'thts_~inftitution of J25?ln a ye1r A'i'.: uf-r~ifcy,. out 0£>:theimom~s anfin_g, from ~art1ag~ •h~enfes, fines, ,and.forfe1tutes o~ the \Ea~dttil . •·'id'1 "1' lA' , , · ' ~,,,.,,.. l ; , I~ f l ,, ' ' I• , ,)f ,:!'.)ll.L(' > I iliorer.•n ,f<)')_~ ' . t 'iJohn.1; : (fo leg~ .\vas .,i(lftituted>in 1f784,sto have alfo 241 :tntltees·, ~itli 1 1!>'6wet F~pp~ying va~ancies, and to 'receive;~fl:~1 _an11-iu~~ _- n&otn~ '.\c.eep ,up ~he .fucceffion _oo'bl s ~ per,nti nentcfund11s· aflig.ned .th1s'.tco1lege, bf ,117lJ ql! ,y ar, Lolli.;t, of the monies ai1i-fi.n:g[£rom 1mar Sage(·lioinfe.s, o'rdin~ry lieerrfo~, fiti s almdifbrfeitures;.fiq n foe wen . fhore: B' ~hii . ~ollege is t~rbe <pt<.:Aanapdlis}»wpere a:ibuiJriliog,i i--s •1howYp:repaired for ,i . . , Vie~y) liber~l fub-fcrir,tiun ' ·~tere ?btaii'ned -to';'"ards ifounS.ing and :earrying ~011"the.feJ:ferm Da1I'fes. 2·1IDbeI~w'°·· ablleg©'s c<!Ytlffliftl\l tcl <0.nerm1.uv:~r'fi tty; by thernam,e @{ .f: tHe itif niverftty o Jl.[~tylantf %qere9£(fhe _g0-1"e@ · it . f the"JStateicfo.r tl1dltime befogj,i !Hta_Bcelfor., .~-1 · the : ' ,.rl-o 1 ?Y 1 • , , - �MrA.1\1,.Y _lr_~!l~fO , 4-' cJ4• th~ wine~patiof one,of them, ~lviGe-<;lhc;tllP¢11 ~rb '.e ither by,1,eniorfty,pr hy ),'.1emiol), a's- .,m:iy h~r,~_afl¢r rbe pi◊vided forbr j rule 011- hy1 ia~':r,rTh.e,Alrancellor,is empowei~d i9 ;ca~lJ ai mq~tii1gr ~Lth ti itrilftees,hor:,,a rtprefentati.Q!l1Qf•fev;ep ,0J'each; and ,t wo of th~iJ]le,I,Ilbersi _ of the ;(a¢.µlt¥,:ot,re~!l.foi,~the •pri_i:1cipail, heivg o~)s~hich :weetihgiis,-fiiled,r,f'JJXµe,Cp~;YO.C{l;tlQr\cb.f tb¢ 1 Ui;ijv~rfity ,o f M ,~r,y,1a11Gl,:r, wh6,1a~e;to_f:,-ame-,1l~,(') law-s, vpr~fe:r.ve_it}Q·~or=m}t~ ,9fowa.1.1fi~r_s {a:11d,~ hterat,,ue 1m th.e colleges, etmfer:1H1~ ·h1gher d'egreet,:;, ;Q:~t~rm1q.,c:;i ' i'•,nw, . . , ,IJ;,,:)' ,' (Jll d'•J -,1ft"l'J'l !'I\ ',!?'f(H 'El ap.p~· -s1 r&a r/..-'l lfiil~ -1J},:,., _ (' 'I;'~ £..f()mat1:,.Ca.tholks;, hi ve alf<ir erected a ,coJlege at. Georgeto-Wn, on ,).?,q,ttma:k riiti:f~ r • 1; . , !1 H l ; d'J; , ·•; 1 , • ,for the promqtion df general literature. (lnf1li 7,85, the i:J\ileth'odi_{l:s,~nfiitu:ted a ' college at Abingdon;, inJ;I_arfoi:d county., : J;>y; the· • ,n3'IJI:!~ faCokGfl>uryJJ9lf~ge,1after ,}"'homas.G:@ke, . :and ,Francis, Afhbur~, ibijpo,ps ,of:ih%.. Methi),dift Epi;.ii:Qpal1Chrn:th. :T<he college ~edifice is. of brick, liancillbmel~ builtJ qn a1 t"' ,rb _ 11, r q J1ea1th~ fpot, ,enj.Qyingl a tin¢: air? and1a veryextenfive profi:>e&t. ,. IT1l1,e ftude,:n;ts, who,ar~,to confift of the fon's,,cif traveHing preadk rs.; th~ fons of c;i.n~~ .nµ,ahf,ubf-<;ribets, the•fon_s of the members of' the 1\llethodift fociety and cprBh-ans, aJ:e-jn;~ -ftructed in · Engliih, Latin, Greek, Logic, Rhetoric, Hifto:r,y, ~Geography;, ,Natur<1,l: Ph"lo,(ophyriM<i A,ftronom.y.; ~and when the :fi11ances of-1:he aoUege, will <J.clmit •th.vy ,;,_:tr& to btj:ta~,gh:t,. ~elkbrew,, Fr:ench, and Gern;ian.fangnages.- < ,.(,p iqJ: ) ,eB • . The eQl\~g~nwas erected .and is fupported whollyt, by ,, fobfcription11t3nd) :Vol.u'fliltary, r '>'- rr..01 , , , , , .~ , ~ , _ , _ • 1 ~ donalio11s. ( , , ThG ftudents-have. regular hours ~foi; c1.ifing, for pra,yers,. _£er thein mea1s, for ftudy ,. and>f9r, rtcreation,: they a:re all to_be in b~d, precifely ·at nine o'clock. 1 ·,r.rheir recrna ! ' tiqp (for itheyc a:i:e=to, 12~ " indulged i_11 nothing whioh_the •w orld <calls play");, are, garf _dening, walking, ,riding, and bathing, without doors; and withiri ,doops> ,t~e-~m:pe.r, - ters, j€>iners, cabine~-:makers; 1or turner's bu·:(i,nefs. • Suitable provifio11 is made for_t~efo . fever;ll r%Q.Upat~ons,,, which, are to he eonfide.~ed, not as.matters ,of- drudgery ~nd .con~ ,:i;:r.aint, !1bµ,t a;s•pleafi:ng and healthfulrr,creat~on'.s both1for th~•bo0y1aind,mind~ A·n.di;p~li • oft];icir: :iru1¢s,, whi(_:h, r thoug}l new avd fingular~ is Javourabkto-,the· he-c1,lt4..~hq .yig0·u ·,, o,f the ,body -and mind, is, ·thatthe ftuderits fhaU- ·not ileep on feather oeq,s opt Qn:maf- _ t reifes; a~d •~ch QDe;,b y h~mfelK Particular atte_n tion is paid 'to, tlw.1;1.1orals ,a ndireligJ,on 11w J, , v ·- o.~, , \ r . , , .,. , .,_ 1 h"' ~ F _o( t-h~ :(hrdents~ ~ti' i ,T gei:e are ,ai fov.r olher literary inftitutions,J 06inferior note, in ,diffeue1J.t ,parts 0£ the:. · .V Stafe, i,.a11q, pro,vifion Ii& made fol free Jc'hools in mo{t of the eounfies ; Jhoug:lu Jome a.r-e entirely- neglelted,. and very few carriec} on with any fu ccefs, fo that a gr:ea;t1_ pr,opprtioJJ, ,o f tl;i,er lo"Y'~rvclafs, of1peopfo1 a;ne1ignoi:ant ;"and there are bot .a fe~w!ho cann-qtrwritctpctir1 n.,mes;·, :$af£the :r;e;Mlution, ,an;iong other ha,ppy effects, ·hasTr0:µfe,,jl,iJlhe Jp.irit pf ed,ui!Jion, ;"~hi<; _, •.is) f;ift fp:readinK .its,,, fal!,1tary.., .i.oili<tnGeS·t\O:VtJr~ tlh_,i~i~n°clD;l~ c~thl~:ti 1), -1 wc1 l,J .• ~utr,;r '{ha~ blmfw tG~tS:fltl. fQ,~~th~i::.o States·. {H ,t · r ,II-ft 1: • (, . r ~A WJRl}, ~ ~,ua..rosJ:i11rn15.~ T b.¢re. a'r,eifoVi~ral, re,ma~i~k ca;vies inrtb:e... ;y ei;~ l,33 tI ct _ this ~ tate., 1butnpa-rtteil'.llar ,a nd accJ.1i:at~ ~ef9nptioni,., 0£-th<:; ro bave.1ft0t;be.eu:x§.cei~e~o :tuo, The~ annual expenfes of· governm~JJ,. Ex-P EN.SES OF Gov:ERNM ENT A~D TAxEs. J art ~tt;i.J.";JJi}t .d:,1tt abo,u t 29,oo~l c:iwr~ncy, t- ~ her1re:v.eQ.U, a'Jiite.s, ch~jro&~Ai - C$J(91'l re,al.,AP-ditper(o.,:zya:l pn0,pert-y.,,_ , , 'mi; rl::>I::>f1£').GV ~i:lf' 1qtf.Jl '{ ,'. uoilbn:,u1' ~rl1 q~ p~ <!'.> ~o,. s1;\fi'~ •J ~it-1 J,teTp . l-¢gijlatlnre i8l_cQrnp@i(id'JQf\'i:~v;o,clidin.cfrJPrap~,h~ -&;_nat " ~ _11v~fc of ~el~gatess 111na,rftil~cil~, [hh.~ Ptm -ral! ~fliunhly ,oi)iMary1. ncbt.ml.'_~>·! et ftt9·r,~ _ • ~re eJe~dr;ipj1tpevfoll~":ri1:,g ~an.oe_r ~1·1;0 4, t~~_I:fir,£1:n~ :Se,p t6fuDeP '_ c~eif. £,itli, e~r:, ~~t~ jr,eeme,~::..~h~fe ..j:~~1 m,eq ,m .e.adh l'!,@~m,y ~@1bt· .cl€filOOC· 0L the.:ftm~,e,.ilafiil one e)e ·:ti;> for ,tlf~ •«;,'<i,ty: Tdf:Afo1riapolis,,.1 c!_nd ,on11etf (~,11 11 h eri t:<P.1,\:111,P , fij:a,l\tilll:O~e~~::i(fclieie,,do&ors . o:l'i'\ll.,,'11:·: ha~YJe \1'h~'!)~)1q,i1:~lifi~a~ns' •~o~:fThtr '.U pr_jJ,~'(JQUJJty i d~l~:11.tes_i .J~h 1'J ~,rne~t: H~ rt4\{11J_ , polis,, ' • " ' 1 • '._,JJ,, I( • ; 1 �J(7~ , . NL~ R Y L A N b. ·poliE, .,b;· (1.j (~! ~'.of1,1er p'lace as.num be appbin tcd f01· ;eo0i1ve;1iing t11e' ls:g;tfkrtuTe, <)t't tlt~ •third :Monclay in September) every fifth yeat, and ,d eci :by b~tUot ,fifteen fe11at0rs o\'lt of their own body~ or 'frm:u: the people at large.: Nin~ ,of tib:efe m.u:11 be_rcfi.del?ts on the .,._.,iieftern .fh:01:e, and ·fi:x: on the .eaftent ;· -they 1nufi be .n10re thrar~ ;twenty-Ii ve years . of. ' .rge~; muft 11av,e xeiimed in the &tate more tl1,tl)·,thrcc years next J,•Fecediug the eletl.ion, and h,a:vc·;n ;.;.t\ aqd :pcrfonal propert y abpv~ th.a :value of a thoufancl-potmds. The fenale :n1ai originate <)Dy bills, CX;tlC]t't m.011.ey bills, W hichthey can ~nly gl,ve: tl1;e1:r aifeht ,p.ifient: • ·T'be~ienate cho9fo tLfoi;t p·efideat 6y b.aJ.lof \ The houi~. of deJegat~s is com;pofed Qf fotir members for eac'h .CO:t!n'ty,, dwfe'n a't:i;m,1:a!ly the :fii;ft Mot1day ·i n October. -3-'he G.ity ·of An·nai:,ol.is"and,to,vn o'f .Bfltimorc · fl.~nd ,each frv. o ,delegates. '.;fhe -qtialifi~<Zations_;of a delegate ai:~; FnH a.ge, ·Qne rear's refidence .i~ the coun'ty where he is chof~ and r¢aJ a,nq pc1Jonal property above ' the valu,c of five 1rnn.d,red .p<il~mds. Both-hou~ .choofe thci1! 0,r).1 officers, ..and judge of the elel l}on ,of 'their members .: a m,ajo,!ity ~ ,. €ach •ts ,1 quor'u.a. 'I'he de6t.ion of fenators and ,dc'legafe~~s "l!if!Ja voct, ancl.,fueriffs tlre xefurnil)g ;efficers, exctipt in Bdfi1,1i10re town, ~vib1ere .the .commiffioners f~1peripten~ t:b6 r 1e.Etions_.a nd ,iua~e .re,tu~:~s . . ~heii:~tec½ le.fl.ion oftli:edegifiature is on_the fo:ft Morrd; • lll ~ o:7e1\J,bl2:r . . The .q_rni.lxficat1011s ot a .freernau ate· foll age, a freehold eftate of fi1t -:acres of l~ncl, :1nd a&ua.l ndiden"c~ in the county where he ,offers to vote, property t he·va:l ue <if ;thirty P?und1tin ·!my _pa1i of the .State, and a year's r~fitlence in.the-collllt, -whei"e he offers to vote. . • • - , · • , •• • I. · o n tKte fecorid l\ifonday adll Nm~ em9er, ·~nnual1y, :a govtrn@r . ~t ap1Jointc.d by the j{f,int hall9t of ho,tldi10,1;1ies, ta:ken i1Y each houfo refpe&ively-, , a'.t1d tlepo:tited in a ~ l erence ro.p~ '; .-\vhqre fhe bo~es.are examined by a joint d::,ri:unitt€e_of bGlth)oufes.;i . the rnirpber' of ~htes, fe~Cl.·;ally rep.QrtccL, The gover?or ,cai-:in0~' co;11tirnJe imoffice lo .than _tliree years _fuc.cdhv.t ly, no,r be re-:-dected u11t1l t11e e:xp1rat10..n ot.four years he <'.ha,s been out of office: The qua11ifications for th.e chief 1nagiftracy are, twentyyea.rs of age, five years refidence in th,e State , 11e:xt preceding the.ele&ion; and . ;;ind µetfonal eJ:t:<1,te above :the value of five '. thoufan9 pounds, .one thoufand of~ • ~uH _b.e frceehold e~ate._ . On the fecond. Tu.efd.ty o~ November, ann\.1ally, th~ fen~fi/11 ",lI\d /4degates,.,elec1:, by JOmt b~llo.t, five able and d1{erc;et men, ;'lb9ve twenty-five~ of age, ·rcffrle.rits in the fitate three years next preceding the ek&ion, , ~nd pofle:ffin . freeholcl' of lands and ttfoements above the value of a .tho.ufand pounds, to be a cou& . • ' . for a:flifi:ing the gpvernor in tb.e·duties of his office. ·Senators, •delegates~ a:~ me of co'lmci\ whilft fuoh,. can hold' no other offic.e .of profit, -:rio:r-ret eivc the profits o(ali office ex,erci(ecl by an.ot11er.. The g0vern01\ wifh the a<:lvi~e• of his council, ap)!O~ 'the chaneellor, all judg.~s an.d }uflices,.Ahe attorney~general, _naval and. militia offi. regifrers l;>f the la1:d office, forveyor~ and all other civ-il officers, except confta ' affeflors~ ~nd overfccrs of the roads. A court of appeals is · eftablifhed Jor the 'determination.of q}l Paufes wh~ch .may be brought from th~ genieraLcourt* of.admiralir, ~r of chancery. • , · · ' • • This conftituti.on -was efi.:ablifhed by a conv,ention of delccrates, . a t Annapqlis, 0 - _ . , Ahguft J4, •177.6.. • , _ Hrs-r-oRY.J Maryland was·grante<l by king Charles I. t6 Georcre Calvcrt,t bar, ' of !3altimo,:e, in Irelq.n,~, J \me 2~, 16_;.3 2 : 1 -?~he ·g.ov_ernment of_th~ •I>h:>vincc .,vas, bJ ' ' coortel\ .. .' ' .,, ' . Jo ~ or ' ,' i ~ * In forne of the eatl:ern. States tlie, i:~O'illature is calle,1 the ~ enerli~nrt. fo fome of ;he, fouthere, tbl General GG11rt is the Supreme Judicial C<i tJrt. ,. \ : . • +. George C~lve~t, _lord Baltimore, the fot11Jder ofMaryla nd, born in . r5-82, was edi1cated at Oxford llllr, verfity~ w.as kqighted m 16 r.7 1 by J am~f ,I. arld,two' years after was appointed ohe c1:if the pt'incipal fecreta,.,_ll'luis. ' . . �·t.h~rter,'. veft~· in;·th~ propri'etary ;_, bn~ it-appears, that he e~tlie1· nev,6' ,.e~ercifod th~ p"owers _alone, or but for a fhqrt time; for 'We find, . that'in 16-37 the\ freemerureje&ql a body of la~rs qraw11 ,up in England, ~nd· tranfmitted by his lordfhip, in order t<>. be:.. ·yafi.ed for the gov.ernment 0£ the prov.inc~. In th½ place of thefe,. they propofe~ fortf~ : - t\v9 bills to be. e~a:8:ed into la\vs, . by ,the conf<'!nt of'th~ proprietary: thefe \>,:ere, how.. , ,eyer, never. ena8:ed_; , a,t !caft tl1ey are no,t op record. . , : . . • . . firll the was brother, s Baltimore Lqrd EJq'. .The l~ono\lraqle L~9nard C,~1vert, < 1 firft 'the con~ituting io-y~rnor; orlieuten~nt-gen:iia.l;_ -•fo i638 a law M1"as paifed; regular Ho,ufe: of Afiembly, wliich , \yas to corrfift, of, fuoh reprefentahves, , called Bur,.. _g ciles, as fhould be ele8:ed p~1rfua_n t to writs ifiued l:>y_the governor. . Thefe burge:ifes... 'poflefied alt the powers 'Jj,tbe per.fans elefl.ing them; .but any .other freemen, who did not aflent to the ele8:ion, . might take their feats in perf<;>.n.. -rwelve btlrge:ifes or freemen, with·!he lieutern+nt-gen~ral, and focretary, coqfti_tuted the _a:ifemb]y or legi:ilature. • This aifembly fat at .St. Mary\, pne of the foutl,iern counties, which _was the firft· fettled • , , . part ofMarylan9. ·, , '. _ ' • ,. • . - . In 1642, it 'was ena8:ed, that ten mein.l~ers of th~ affcmbly, of ,whom the governor _a nd,.fix bm:gefies were to he fev,eu:, fhould be a hbufe.; and if :G.cknefs ihp:qld, prev.ent tl;iat nuiuber from- atte11di1;ig, 'the menibcirs prefon,t ,fhquJ.d rnaJrn a hpu(e .. In 1644, one Ingle excited' a rebellion, forced the gov:ern~?f, tp fly to Virgmia for aid ahd prote8:ion, and feized t.h e tecords -andthe great-feal; the la:ft of whidi, with ,moil: ~f the r_eco~ds -.o( th~ provinge,.:i_wt;re 19ft or deilroyed. From this period, to the year 164 7, when order was reftored, the pr.oceedings ·of, t,he pr()vince are involved in . • • . . . • ,, . , 1 .obfrairi_ty. • , In JuJy., 1646;;·. the1HolJ,fo of A:ffemqly, or m.o:re· pr.operly the,.hurgeffe;;, requefted ,that tp,ey· might · ]Je. fi;par,ated •in.to two brc1nchcS:-the b:urgeffes .b y themfe!v:es, with ~ negative upon J::>i.):,l&.,. ;rJ,-i& was nQt gr!'!-pl:e~l py the liyuteriant-general at that' time' ; ]Jut il':i. 115 50, an acl; :w.as;pa:(f~d di:v;iding the affeinbly ipto two h.ot_t{es: the governor~ fe1tr~ta;r;y, ~nd· any,, qne' '01' riw1·e· of. the coim,iil; fonried,' the -[fpper ·Hqiife; the, ' delegates , -fron;i, the (~ven1.l h~ndreds, -who .. now _'reprefent Hie freem.en, formed the L01»er-Hoitf1J.. Ifie.of proyince but:lw~ counties, St. Mary's. - and _tlie ~At;,t:qis time there-wey~ 'jp ,the ,_. . I . , . .. . .. ' ' of fiate, wl1ich.office he ·difcharged _with great iridrifb7. and fidelity, and, was rewarded by the King ·with a pen• fi.on' of a thouf;rnd pounds a year. Having enjoyed this office about five years, he refigned it in 16'14, freely , owning to his Majeil:y, that he was· become a _R?man Catholic • . This honeft ~onfeffion f~ affe6ted,. the K,,ing, ' ·:that he continved' hiin privy counfello_r during his reign, and in 162 5, created him•'(by the name of Sir'George Calver~, of Danbywifke in Yorkfuire, knight) -~aron o( Baltimore, in the c~unty of Longford, in _Ireland,. ·While' he was fecretary, .b e obtained, a pate.,nt 'of the province of Avalo_n in Newfoundland, where he built an ., houff, and .fP,ep~ z 5;0001.in advancing...this ne.;v plantation ; but finding it expofed t,o the Fre1;ch,'. was obliged • . . , • , ;; i -. ,,, .• • • . ; .• , - • r ~t. Jail: to a~apdon it. Upon .this he 1ame. ov½r to V)rginia, ·and havmg taken a ,v1ew of the country returned t_o England; qnd 'obtained fr9m1 Charles I. who \vas •h'is friend, a patent, to 'him and his .hdrs, for'Mi¼ryland.t He died in Lon.'<l'on,; April 1-5, 1642. "Though he was 11 Roman Catholic, yet he kept himfelf fincere and dif~ngagec\ fro111 ,all intereil:s ; .and .was ·the O[!ly il:atefoian that, being engaged to a _dec_ried pa1'ty, managed his bufinefs, with · . - that gfe'at refpea for-all fides, that 'all who knew .him app!i1uded him; and none wh~ had 'any thing to, do with him complained of him;" -He was a man of great abilitic::s and candmu-: Judge Popham, and Lord Baltimore? though agreed in the public defign, of foreign plantations, ,di!ferccl ·in the, manner of ~anaging them. The_. for~er was for 'extirpating: the original inhabitants, the Jat~er·for converting them ; tne one font the .'vicious an'rl profligate, the other}he fober· and. virtuous, to !he plantation_~; one was for prefei:it profit, the oth<;- for Teafonable expellation, wifll.ing to have but-few governors, and thofe not interdled_rnerchants, but .difinte• reil:ed gentlemen ; granting liberties with great caution, and leaving (:Very .e>ne. to provide for himfelf by. his · . ·, • ' ' own ,indufiry, and 'not out of a comnwn' ftock.f • ,;, See.a copy of this patent in R a'?ard' s HHl:orical Collections, page 32'7. • ,, t See Carey's Mufe4n1, Vol. 6,_. pagc 492, ' ' ' �MARY LAND ., Kent, lmt Ann Arundel \~as ac~dcd the fame fefiion. • Thi; was d~ring the aclminiil:ra_ • • • " ·, 111 165~? during Cromwcf fs ufo~patio_n _in E1)gla:1d, an aB: was paffed, reftraining tile exerc1fo of the Roman Catholic rehg10rr. This mu~ have been procured by the • 11'ere terror .of Cromwell's pow~r, for the firft and principaf inhabitants were Catholics. lµ deed the power of Crom,vell was not eftablif!1ed, in Maryland without force and . hloodihed. His friends and foes came , to an ,open rupture, an engagement en(ued Governor Stone was ·taken prifoner, and condemned to be ihot: -this fentence, howeve:,. ,vas not executed, but he \Vas k~pt a lohg time in confincmei1t. , .. • ;- -I1~ March 1?58, Jofi.ah F~ndall, Efq. wa~ ap_pointe~ lieutenan t-gcneraL of Mary • land by comm1ffion from Oliver Cromwel l: he cl1ffolved the upper houfeJ and furren-. .: dered the powers.o f government into the hands of the delegates. • Upon the refi9ration in 1660, the honourable Philip Calvert, Efq. was_ appointed governor ; the old form of govetnment was rrvi,:ed; Fendall, and one Gerrard, a counfellor, were. ind~ct:ed, found guil ty, and condemned to banifhrnerit, with the lofi: •·of thefr efta'te_s ; but, upon pftition, they wete pardoned. In 1_689,.. the government was ~aken out of the hands ofLotd Baltimore by the grand · convention of England ; and in 169z, Mr. Co-pley was 'appoii1ted governor by commit: :fion from)y-illiam and M~ry. . . , l~-1692, the Prqteftant religion was eftabli111ed by law .. , In 1 ei99, under the adminifi:ration of GQverno1: Bla:ckifton, it was enatl1ed, .A.nnapoJis fhould be the-fe·at of gov~rnment; . . , . • In 1716, the government of this province was reftored to-· the proprietary, and· con'timted in his hands tiH the late revolutio n, ,vhen; though a minor, his.property in the lands was .·con:fifcated, an,d :the governme_nt_aifumed by Jhe freemen of the province'. who .formed the conftit:t1tion now exifting. At the dofe of the war, -Henry Harfonf; Efq. the natural fon and heir of Lord Baltimore, petitioned ,the legi:Oature of Marfi,> land for his eftate, ·.but his petition was not granted. Mr. Harford. eftimated his lofk .of quit-rents, valued at twenty-five ·years pmchafe, . and inclucling- arrears, at £.259,48 8 : 5: o, dollars at 7/6-and the value of }:iis- manors and refewed lands -' , [,.32.7,441 of the fame ,money .. fion of GQvernor Stone: LrsT of GovERNoRs; with the dates· of their appointment!'. Hon. Leonard Calvert, Efq .. appointed: governo11, ' • 'l'h omas Green, . Efq. , . ~· -- • .• • William Stone; Efq. •' ..Tl~e gover-'!1}1ent r_emained in the hand~ o( the J>arliamen t corpmiffioneIS • dming the time of Oliver Cromwell's ufurpation, - · . -• The commiffio ners) by certain articles ,of agreement then entered 'into, de- . _Jh,erCl{ up the government into the hands of J onar1 F endall, Efq. then governor, ·• • · Hon. Phillip Calvert, made governor -Charles Calvert, ·Eiq. Upon the de_ath of Cecilius; th~ government dc(cendcd to Charles, Lord Baltimore, who carne into the province ., Thomas Notly, Efq. governor , . • Wl10 continu~d till his ~ordihi1l returned a fe~oncl time to lhe province in �VIRGIN I A. Kin,g Will1.,J.n· and Quee111 Mary took upon ··them -the government, and . ~ 169~ nppoi~}ted Lyonel, C,opl<ty, E{q. govcr~or . ,.._ - .Francis Nicholfop, 'Efq. . .-,16?4 Upon the death of QueenlMary, the government was altogether in the • 1696 ,,. . han<ls of King William III. . 1699 •\ , :, Nathaniel Blacki:fton, Eii1, governor governthe her upon took A"lm· IIJ..•Queen By the death of King Wilqam l 701-'?, m,en_t-;-and t):l,e fame governo • was continued 1 ..... ~ lent ·prcfi Efq. Finch, Thoma~ •• 1703 1704 John Seymour, Efq. governor 1 1704 · Edward Lloyd, Efq. prefi ent .: ' 1714 . ! ohn Harf, Efq. goverHOI Upon the death of Queen Ann, King George I. took tipon him the . • _ • 1 iovcrnment-and the fame ·overnor was continued · a iffued who Baltimore,. Lord Charles-,to refibr~d was ~ov_ernment The 1716 l ~ neyv- ~omrrnffion-to Johr~tuf , Efq. • , f720 - I .,. :-: Charles Calvert, Efq. gov rnor 13enedi8: Le01 ard Callveii, Efq. governor · ·.17 2 7 ~lie Proprietor came into e province in .1733 ._ •·And retumec.f to Engfand ..1734 :. -...... 1 73,7 - ·Samuel Ogle, Efq. g9f ernor ,_ 1 1742 -' ·Tho~as Blad~n, E(q. ~~yernor -J _ Samuel Ogle, Efq. gorMlor 1747 By the death ;.,of Charles, Lord Baltimore, · the province defc;ended to his _ fon Frederick_,-Governor O.gle died the fame year i7S I .Benjamin Taiker, Efq. pre:fident 175 1 ·Hor<\,tio Sharp, Efq. goyerqor 1753 . :.. . , :-769 Robert Eden,. Efq. gpveruor 1771 Frederick,. Lord Baron ~tBaltimore, died _ - -Sobert Eden~ Efq. gPvemor l77J Some of,the governors fince the revoluti<;m hav6..been.:._ William Sniallwooa, . Thomas Johnfon, Jun. I John Eager Howard, William Paca, --George.Plater. Thomas Sim Lee. 4 - I l V J .R -I G N S!TUA.TION AND EXTENT. •Sq. Miles. , ; . lvlilc s. 0 Longitude} \:V. 8° and c { . bet "Length 446 } 7o,ooo Breadth .. 224 .. • ween • 36~ 30' an~ 40~ 30•· -N. Latitude _ BOUNQED rfo1ih, by Maryland, part of Pennfylvania, and • . • Ohio tiver; weft, by Kentucky; , fouthl hy North Carolina ; BDUN DARIEs.J • and eaft, by the AtlaJ~t-ic ocean. . * In the following ·defcriptio.n of 1is State the Author ha_s m-.de a free ufe ~f.Mr, Jefferfon's celebrated H L.. . tory of Virg"i.nia.-Printed for Mr, Stockdale, London. ~ P 2 -· • • C1 v11, �' g:19 I .4i 't 1.'()6J ~ -. ~ 'J :;;,, _,;134<>• , 250 ·i9'7l 1 3, 19681, 5,I,2; ro.510,: ·93 , r· 74~9-,· • -o81f6~ ~72_, • 1222 '682; ·j. ' 1:8g6c..'' • ·1r7.Sgit-: 14030:, • 6.64-2• 8·2.26 · ''' !J,.'1:1 ,, t5933'. r·. ' :, ,(j~- • f"' ,, ) '2'2.'iC,.S; ,J:,tii;S1'lr'• ;· ·: :45·7~·;.' ' :99n 13487 --~650 t • 9,053 · L4(4'.t;Jlj -,. : h,4}16' 15579· i 3~~I u58f i·31o3: 5'12(]6· 4168 ' 2754 . 9·719· i:0531- I 55'1 , 8479 •11 579 14722 1007,8 8 ·100 2 '979 5,565 48 I 6 3986 443-.!f. 43 2 5 r ·,,-~ , I I I''Jd'7 •433 2 6762 ,16;_76 ·' 8153 ' 68zz , 1-809.71 ·:8959 • , 1473.3 12827 �, I • s~. :·G{r:~r: ."t:rrk 1J' ~ ·· , lVJ Tota1 Inhabitants. .. SJave9~ -: , , s6to (1 -7$£1 7,:4&9' 4..51 3,097 • .y:636~ , 1 3:9:"a~ ~: 1U14'J lt h ., s_ir3 , . 67,27-. • r ' ·t 5387 . !. ' ·- ' 10554 ]. I 2864 .. . 902.8 •• ·, 90 -1 0 i 1 4-S24 . •7,93 • 5-993 3.867 3_8 17 • 5345 '.3 .202, 58ICJ 8)].2'$ 6i39 ·, 3700. ,ji41 ;5518 · 240.5 _,,4?70 ' ~760 •SJSJ : ·~,1690 ' (' a45o , I 489 ; 8128 · . 99 1:87 1029 . 5151 , 9377 , 5_143 ( 9iz z' . 4140 • • 5440 ' 255~ : • ·7063 :· 45'74 4104, • ,1j49 8 123 20 , . n615 . . • 9588 : • 7366 ;6985 4036 ·_ ,4157 . , 398 777- 2 442, 9163 ,. 446 j . • Cb.mties.... , Randolph:-, ' Slaves. . • ' 4262 · 3244 ; 39£9 . q889 , • ' J ' 1073 ; 67 < ~ 0r. i4gz · 73 · I , 3338' · 3 ~~9-8-3 ••• -. 2-9-2-,6-2-7 The.whole ~umb er of Inhab itants 2086 ·: ~ :5r :_ 7,. 36 ' 1 190 n T ot~l amount ( . 76''85 6842 • I · 19 1 3~9 d ' •T0@l Io~ bitants. ,.' J -., 2488 ' ,,,/ Hardy ~· ' • eton Pendl •RufleU . 56j8 ~The JollowiribO': are .new coun~ies.: : ........ •.GamjJbeH · ':Frank1i-h :, Harri fon . 3236 , ., 747,6. 1o Kentu c "Y, �'f'.k'fv l t1. \4J~S , ,... ~ ~~~J :tl1•1Ifonhfo'kiv,N ,,\vl1ich till Jateiy • bcl_onied,to h1is_.St t ,'}' .p1li : ¼, "; J , •~;l"~,];\1-!i. ·~ _!.9~K-tl'n~~ - :·~', \' . \ I . 0: 'l... t-i""' ' ·1;:.. lh . ) . .,..,, , ., y, . . , , ~l''l!JilUll add~d t0, 747,6-ro/ 1na¥~s--8a;~r~8·7.J ·i·,:, .,;· 1 ~inv-:J ;':vLn<"',t f, .. t·,JJ ~ 1 ;7J.; ,h:ef) ,.,,. ' J l\ th\:l rat 17,s '.' <:1 ~d-rj \ l,:acq~'.f.,J . ~n \~Jti:'.'&'Hl 1t-;iken_,1..(t:v.e.r:~l~t~PA\l1q~~ l~~~e~ U&t rctllrtt1,·: . Hut (upplym~;-~J: ~t\H1JeftmI.J*r-We§ L~~1mev~J t ~iH9P:1¥~~~ ~,r41:l'.'1~· ~a.1th~1t Yco1:i:;115uted \tt 567~&11r;•rthe 1-ncr.ea:/.c then -is 258;67.3, aad; ts .\1S•r~ 1tP,-)l•S: i~ tea, ye,im. -· , • ·r /' . . . Jlt ... 1 'h,1. ;·1}. I ;,,U¥J.i\'J\;iw_/ h,:·v!)l - . , / 'l'l.a.e incr~afo_of fiave?/ Qfori ~1;~~?fe_y~i~)rc~:S; :.h~s .~$Gt;i, lffstiJ~*f,~\; _}1-~~')\),e~m ob;. . fctvdi-~r a ceatury befr~e; '"'. '1 he lea-,!on 1s, f11at- at out 30,000riqves·lpe:r~1:fh_€;~p.v.u,l:i -the finaU-pox or .r.amp_ fevet.~ ✓,ca,ught,.-fr:om ,the Br.iti{h ,i!l-rmyu 01; w~~~t;0fft-vy..ith,t hen:1 w-h'Ue ,:,r d ' Dv ornwa: • '11'1S• was ,, ro~111g • •. ( ',·over1·tl. · 'l 1t, 1 .- ; -11at_,S".l _<;l. tc. ~ • .., •1, l : 1: i • rr .... { :·U,;'•;, L ,J". . :-'~ unJ;4-TE .'] 1• ,h t an:.exten:ti,v,e' c<;,ufrtfy, 'it' w;iJl be' expe6;t9c ;th~~ th~_..:-clilJ?-ate :~ ,n~IAhc fan,1t:it1 all its.parts. It,.is. r~markable that, pr9€eeding_pn the' fame piir.a]Jel:;0f" lati-N1dc ' weftert1:y, th1> diinate' become.s coldet in -1.ike manner .as whe_n you -p rqceed,nQrth1-¥ar,<;).ly. ' This co,n'tin-ues io be th,e eoaie Wl -sr6u atta.in'·thc.{ummit .of the Allogany·,. \: hich:i~ the higheft land bctwee th~ ocean aml the Mi.friflippi. '.Frqrn ;thenG'C , <l_efoendi11g in: the ' .fiun;e latitude to ~the Mi£F(r,.pp1, the change i·eve1:fc;3; an~V if: w.e rfnay l;!elieve ,trctrelJers, - it_{l~G?tnes wanuer,-tliere_tl!ai1 it rip in the_ fame lati~ude (:Hl the fe<,1- fid;e; ~Theh: tefiimony _ j s il:re11JJgtbe.ned1by th_e .vegetables and annuals wluch Jub:fift qp.d , muitt,P\Yt •thgre'. nat~ rany:·ifld -do lnb·t oi1 tbe'¼.'ea.!coaft. Thus catalp~s grpwfponta~1eoufly"o rtJhe Miffijlippi., as ,_ far ~is rth.(: 'lati.t-ucle of ,~,7i°, 3:11d reeds as far ,as 3? l?arroquets ev:en winte:ii o.q.,~rhc. 1 ' • , 1 • l 1 _, Scioto/ in the 3-9th_ ~.eg~~;pfla,t itu~c. _, 1t ··;_, "' , ' ~ • - \, : 1 .:l'he f.outh-v/~ft ·wm12-, ~af\ of thepiom1ta~.qs,) . are 1?-oft wedommapt.•, N;exl ~o th~; on. tlre fo_a-coal_ftj 1 the horthr.eafi, and .at the mp untams, ,the l)Qft:h-we11 wmds pre'h zli I Thc~dj.ffereAoe b'et{veJri):l~efe wi11ds ,is }very great. The nocth:eiit -is. lo.aded iwit~; :v--a:-~o) , poui·, i1?,fomucli' tt1at t_h&'faltmanuf21;ctury,i-? bay~ fo,u nd th~t'their' chryftals ,would !l_'1: _ Di0ol 1\vhileithatiblows ) "it occa:fions a difirej.Iil).,g chill, and a heayinefs a.ncl d.eprefial;l •~h tLie' fpiritst 'frhe no::H'i!vy.~ft ~~ dry: ~~oli w;,. ~~illic, .and ani~~ing . • Th~ ~~fl ~ ' fouth-eaft Jn<-eezes con;i.e\'.on generally ·m the afternoon. They l~ave a_g.vaneyq.•• intout-.1 cduntrr very feii:fibly withi1~'t h~ _~er:1ory Iof pe~we no,w livi~g .. , --~r ,' Je~erfop,?~eok°"'s the e:xti·omes ef heat-anci coid .to J~e, 98°above, and 6° belo:w ·o, 'm 1.FaH~enhe1t_s,th@iH.u Ht·, · ,,,,,,,.. ,,1• . , · '" 1 . , .. ,,{, , t. -.. t mo1n~ er. , _ .: . . _, . • _ \,, . , • , • ,, . . ,. . •• . , _ . _'1·, •'fCT'_1 t!U,n, , q:1hat iiu?,11:1at\0~. :tset :v:~~n "~ec:1~ 't Ad '~g}d, fQ deftn,1ctf'';y} o frt.nt,. PffV:~1l~lefs fin ~JTu4t.q gmia than.u:icPennfylvanfa,lim the {pnng feafon; :r:ior 1s tliy overflowmg of,Jh6i (typ~m in Virginia fo 10:x!tenfi.ve ' r fo 'J requ.(fot at that feafon; as }tpofe tbf the Now; JEnglaodd States:; bec:ahfl the fnoNs'iif 't he fot-me"r do n ~Oie ~~tumula:tingiall winter, 1hi> ,,bl'.: di6-..ut fo'lv.e~ all at once _in th''r ~fpti11g;: as they dl:S 'foriietimes in !!}e ..iatte.r. In Virgi11J~,) ~ · ,n fow. trhe_mioui'ltttinlt,;fridW 1 feldorrilies more t~H.,I a da,_y -or, t~o,, and/:(eldom J'i ;W~e».ijwf aQ,.httie ]a,t·gth -ivefaIT.fe1a:bm 1& l e.Jover? i Tfi'is fl{ict.u:iti~n of weathers, h @weveto i~f~ ij{ ficieri.~ fo r~n ~~f •t!-ie~·"" Jnt¢~s-~\ld fpt~hgs V:ff)~1}-P}vrplef9m.e;· as th~' hihabjt,mt~'hai'¢ •tq,7: 1 • . • :.· l nu walk m ,t.h11ofu,berpr e _ ti.ml flop; '" '" ·, .. _r ti • l rQ1l,;~r1 . ., • <' 1J 'IT!h i ",t'1 , . • • {J •')l ,. t .. - ·r e mo'ntlrs•of f&n'e ' and July,, tboug'b'. often the botteft, are, the niq,fl ,healjliy ::i'n1&rut1h.,. year,••• , 11.1~~_we_atli~1°i's>tliep d'ry'¥nd Jei~ hJ~,t? 't han i~.-.4-~gujl ~pct :S,~Ftember,:f~ ,vh en_.the 1·_ai1v com~en"'.'des}' '.;h)jf •fotlde'n v.a nat~=o1~ 'fake .r,· acr . 1 I( L· ;_ riq crodt.<g. 1J:tft ~h ,r,_ · ' ·.a .. i-J rP ' d-- • -J: j 1t•<1 it,,(l 1<•• ~ 1·· . ; ,s, r ~ 1 01m r. ~..i..t 0 n· 411 l Ht '{eaTcoa:1t; tfl'e' •ap • is 19\v, _ ge~erc1; :.iY, vYJ-,t 1m tw, vei1~yt o·' t."1 ,_. •~v.e+, 1no -:> .• 1 1 1 fea , • interfe'cted ih all' d1Fi:e~Hcm_s~with falt _cree~ s and, rivers;. th~, hdcl~~J\Wti \yJ:ij.G.ll ~rm1~t· .r. ' a:nw.,] mar,,/u • (ang: • i;ll ' fi ;\, ·,r V ,"t'a•, IJ.covernc /;. ·1. wit . h', w;ater,.m. . ' . • wt.ft•};fcea1 r · 'TU: -! l ,11.vamps, w es,J _enny; ·grolin Q1i,1J{. '..Jf.,il.rue'J :uncu_hivat'ed lands ar eJcovhetl._~ itl: .l~lg~ Jr'~~~ ah~-t~~ck .. u~:lei:{o'oli, i,,7'~~~•,igi1:ity ofo l the iea, and fal t _cre~ks and n v:~~:s~ , ~~~fion a _c? n~\a;1! :rp.p1ft\lre ,flf1'J :~ a:imtq o~__-th~ . . , ~tmofphere, (~ thata.ltliol~gh un~c_:r Jp~·fa~~ la~1tud?., I?oipr ,159,Jptl~~ jm,tqe., C2-o~ufi.tJYy •· ,.<l,eeJ? fnows, ·and frozen nvers frequently happen~ for a ihort feafon, yet here fuch oc- _ • •• currences_ ~s-.. 0 0 . : 1ft ·i// (J I fli~nge f , ii- , .. ., ..., ,_ �' If v·l R'G IN I A,i.. . , ~ , . • . . ~tf { • • {_le . . 6 \ ~ .• .., . Aq'} . • . .· ,_ 1J ~ ·• . r ( ' ; ,:u1d· ,r •1' ,\ !L' \••' ll ; . /;,,) ;,r,•.,,;i. 1 ·cfa~en~ .art\.~0t1fidered a:S"phenomena'; fiit ' tnefe1 ea(µns;, . the trees, atG ,q,fte:n -,ht, bfo:0n1 as e~rly a~ ~he ,laft .of February; , fyom ·th~s· periij~,. .'ho,o/,~Y~.~,; till ta~:·,eq~~-p£1~ 1:tH~ the. mhalnt~n,ts ~re m~pmffi9ded· bY; c?l~ rains, .p1erc1µg o/u!B~ ,aQ.(\ 1tp~rp1 fr0:~$~ wh1~h fub3e~s:them :O· t,~e inflammatory ,difea~s, known, her~:unter,J11Gfna11-1f~ ,Q1pplGµr:1fy;! a1nd per1]:)lleumonr, · • . . . _ , ,.-;1v • . RIVER ~ f ND <?ANAns.J 1--n _ \n(peB:io~ ?f / lir,m~p ~f;.Jiitg_i~fiJ', wiJJ $Lv:.e ,al_ ~e!ter 1.d _ a of ·!He-~~ography of l! S u ~ers, than any d~fcppt10n,n1 wntuJg,11 '{lhtw, r~w-1igat10n may ,be1mperfed:lynoted. , .. , ,,-, ,w .;..or1-, • . 1 • Roanoke,. , fo fir as it lies within{'this State, 1S ll,9 wli.e~e riavig~~lf, ¾r~t' f0}1 ,,Cfl:Q.P:~S,'.· 01: . light batteaux ; and even for thefe, in fiJch detached parcels <1-s t_o· .£iiwe preve..QteJ1. the· . · •. ~, J., :' t'i ,,,_i ''tf.. .:!\ ,: . !~; }f(l • inliabifant~ f:.orrr ~v~iling the~felves of it_ at, ~'V 'jam:es.-'fl.iver, ~nd-1ts waters, , afford nav1gation as fo1Iows: Th~t,-y,:fiole, -of Bli~aheth ri-Vi.er,,i1:the1loweft of thofe whrch run into.James five!, _is a' harbqur, 'and woulcLcon-ta,i:n upwards -of 300. ihips. The channel is frq~ .'I,.50 to 200 fathoms wide.,. and 'at <;:ommo1i flood tide,,_,. affords eighteeen feet ,vater to NorfJlk._. Th,e Strafford~ a ii,xtygµn ihi})', went there, lightening her(elf to crofs the b,ar at Sowell's ·Point. The Fier Rodrigue, · pierced for fixty-fol n· guns, an'.d carrying f,ifty, went there with.out lighten.:. ' , .fog., Ctaney ifl:and-, ,at the mouth:· of this r-iv~r, cp-tnm§lndS its channel tolerably welT. Nan_femotid River i;; navigabk to ·sleepy Hole, for veffeis of ,2 50 ton~ ; to Suffolk,. for th.0fe of loo· tons; and to Milner's, for thqfe of twen~y-five: Pagan Creek afford$-, eight or ten feet watel' to Smithfield, . which _admits veffels of twenty tons. Chidwho;niny has at its mouth a bar,. op. which is o.nly twelve feet water at common flood , tide .. Vef[els .palling _that,, may go· eight miles up the river; thofe of ten feet draught_may go, fow miles fai-ther~ arid thofe or fix tons burthenJw.enty miles farther. . , Appamattox may be navigated as far as Broaµways, . by any veffel which Fr.ts· ere-ffed Harrifq~'s· b~r in James river; _it feeps eight. or nine feet water.'. a mile or .two high~r· _ up_to F1iher s bar,, and f9~ir feet .on tipt <1.nd, µpwa~ds to Pet~rfburg, where all nav1,- · . , _ . _ _ ~.• . _ _ '. , . gation cea~es, . J,ames 'River 1tfelf affords harbour t6r vdfcls of any :fize in Hampton Road,, t>ut not m_fafety through the whole. winter; and there is navigable water for_them_a~ far as, Mulberry i:!land. A for,ty-gun ihip goes. to, J ameftown, and, lightening. hcrteif; may . paf.~ to Harri(on's bar,. on wh-ich there' is only. fifteen feet water. . Vefleis of 2:5<;5 torfs may go to ·W ·a~wick; thofe qf 125 go to Rocket's, a :mile below Richmond; .from thence is .about fev en feet water to Richmond ; arid about the center of the to\Vn, four _ fc~t and a half, • where the ·nat igati6:r:i is i11terrupt; d by· falls~ ' which. in a courfe of fix _ miles defcend about. So feet perpendicular ·: a15ove thefe it is refomed in c'anoes and batteaux, an_d is'profecutcd fafe1y -a1::d advantageou:fly to within ten niiics -of tJ1e Blue Ridge; a.nd ev~n throltg!,1 ~he ~lue R ~dge a to_n '".eight_ has been brought; 'an~ the~ cxpenfe· would not be great, whe1:i compared with its obJect, to opyn a tolerab~e n~_;vigation· up Jackfon'~ r_iver 'and· (:;ai-penter's creek, to within twenty-five ·mites of ~Howard's _creek of Green Brial',.1bdth of which have then water enougJ;i to float v~f:.. fds .into the Q:reat Kanhaway.·. In 'foi:ne fritur<:i flak;_of population, it is. poffihle that its navigation.._may alf9 be m~de to interloc,lc. ,vith that of 'Fato:qiak, •and through that 1 , tc communicate oy -a ihdrt ' pottage _,yith the Qhib, It is to be ·noted, that this river -- is call~d in the m<_tps ,Jamcs'\·iyei, 'onl}' to it.s confluence with the Riyanna; thence fo the Blue Ridge it is.' cai1ea ,the Fluvunna ; and .then Ge to its fource, J ackfotl's ri:ver.:. • ' . . ' ~ ' But in ·common fpeech it is call ed Jani~s river tol'its fource. The Ri,vanna, -a brarich of· J ames river, is navigable for canoes and batteanx fo its, . interfeBion with' the fouth-weft' moui-1tains, \vhich is- about ·'twenty-t\v0 miles ; arid , 2, '" ' ,·, , ' . J!lH"Y (,r i'-. j~ ' • • '· • _, .. �V/.--I -: .. rifi . • ,1.~r"'O R tn n, u ·1 ·N· ·1"'•1, . , • · m.a:r- tn:fily' be .o.p enetlto:-. ~av1ga.don ·~r1ugh' :thofe mour,ifains,' ·t6 · it~ for-~ above·~ ·, • · .' . ' •. . . • ' •fottefv.ille. • rofk Ri.ver,' .flt Y oiktown, affords lhe:·-b~:rl: '1:iaibou·r· ·i-n the ' State for -vefiHs of- tlie - -lai;geft -fi ze. The ·dver ·tlrere narto\vs•to· the width of a mile, ~nd ~s contained within :very-high ba.riks, 'clofe. under which tb_e ye:ffels: may ride.. lf holds fouY fyi.·t'&om waN# . ~t higl~ ti4e. for -twenty-'flve·miles above Yoi·k to the mouth df P?rdpota'n k, r'V here the . . :,t i.vet. is a t:1ile -~p.:~ a·h_a lf· ,v ide, ant\ tlre'Chann~l only _feventy-~ve·frt ho~n, :fl.r_id .paffing, •u~der -a. high b.an~ . .. At·the .confi,ttence 9LPamunkey ·and Matta pony, 1t..1s reduced . "'):6 -thre~ fatn.o.m 'depth, which ·continues up Pamuqkty to . Cumberland, where the ,,.width ,is (6o •yatds, and i1p Mattapony to ,vithi h hViO m~les q-f F razier's feity, whcle ;,~J. becom~ twq. .aµd a ~alfJathom 4eep? and holds that· ab?ut ~ ve 'tniles.,. ~amunkey ded fl~ts t? Brockman s bndge; :fifty_ m11~s abo e . ·:X$ then ca_pabl~,df.. µa:71,g~;hon fodoa:_ _.Jl fanovertowrt} arid Matta.pony- to Downer s-bndge, feventy 1mtles abo'v'e·rts mouth., ., Pia.nka{'a_rik, 1 tHe littf'e rivers making O\ It of Mobjack, Bay and thofe of the Eaftei:#t· })-i'ore,, ryceive oi_ily very '.(tnal! veilels, ~nd theft; can ' but enter .t~em',. Rctppahan~k and :two fatho1!1s' from th~Qce to Fredericijl. four:£athoh;l,-Water to Hobh's·:Hole, • J i"1fords' ' •• ' •1i·f ' • 11 1 .. , ,•, _ .• . ,.. / :.uurg~•11~· m1es. 1 oi;nony N ~t alf h ' a _ • ~ P'd(dtnide is t'e.Jen·:-and 1a'lialf n1i_les Avide ' at tl1~ ,'lh0i1~h ; four-and· ._B ay; ' three at _'Aqma ·; ·on,e and ·a haJfat HalloomgPo itlt; one and a: ql1arter at Al~_aridria. Its ·foundings .a'.re foven fathom · at the :mot:1th ;; '.fi,ye at $!:. George's· Hhtf14, ·rour·and a ·half at linxer Ma'.tchodic; three at Swa-n's Point, and thci1ce up to A~ a11aria. ; ·benct/ teu feet\.v~ter fo the ~falls, whidi are thiheen miles a:bove Alexaridiiit,. ' I?ha 1t"ide§ 1-h 11:1-te: J.=>~to'.ma~. "'!,I'd l11)bt ::very. ftrong, ex:cepting af1'e1·1 gteat 'rains, <when:ffie ,ebb·is P.ret-ty-:l}ri:lng; the11 'here'i1s ~it le' or no :fl:16d'; ·and faere is rlever Ill.Ort tnak~~ , • ' five h'o{1t( R?od; e:x.cepf with lodg:and ftrong fbuth winds. wa tiub' the of _diJl!1µ ce from ' .'the LC-apes df Vir.g~nia 'to the term'irratibn •. Tne 1 . frearly burthen, g&ateft · the 't'liis rive1· is ahove· 3oo miles.; artd n_av:igable .fdt :iliips· e falls, , con:ficleraole · -dtfta:qoe. . Fwm . thena.e\ t4is ri:-::er,: obftruct~d. by fuut., :tnri:mgh a vaft tract of' itrltabitecl courttrytoward's its fource. Th~fe falls'are, ift; thi Little/Falls, , three mile's abbve ti& water, in \vhich diftance' thei;e is· a· fall qtf 1 frr 1 feet fix' . ' . ·fevenfy. ·of fall a ' 'is . :feet; . 2d, T ~·lGfe,at '-Fafts, fix miles nigher, where which former, the above. mile and ·a 'qtict,m:er ; 3 , •The Seneca Fall;, fix miles 1 , :ffi-ort,· irregl.;tlar·irapids, wi~h a fail ·o f about ten feet; and 4th, Th~ Sh-euanPlqah •~ : miles' in,'tnree feet thirty ,a:bout nxty mile,s frbmthe 'Seneca, ·where is a fall' of \vhich laft, ?For.1t ,C1mberland is about 120 miles di:ffant. The obftructions •wbi~ • ~op1jo:~e~J? :the -ni vig'a~io1{ 'above an~ .betw~en ~h~fe _fa_lls are :of •ittle confeqµehc~.i •.. ~arl,y ,rn 'the year 178 5, the leg1flatures_of Virgm1a and Maryland pa.ffed_ a • :enoo-urage opening the navigation of, tnis r~v~r. It' w'as_eftimated that th'e expeni :d ie -W.P},:ks. would ~mount ~o 50,oooL fterling, arid ten years were allo,ved for :i,0IJ11ile~ion., The prefident and; cli1f1ors of the incorJ?~'r~ted corrlpa?y ,h_ave firice il?~(eq ,t~at,4_5,oo~l. wo;,1ld be adequate.to._ ~he operatio?., ana tha_t :t will Qe~ ace ,J;_?h1h~~ ,m a ihorter •pe:iod than _,,.ras, :Lhpulated-; ·; · Thell" calculati0~s are founde<f -Jt.~'lt prqgrefs !l~ea~y ~ad~, ~n.d tl~e f,ppm:ary rri.~de eftabliilied for~_e11forcing the . .•. r • • necetfary. b.ecome ,n on.pf the d1v1de:qds, as . the m?ney may !leceffift~t be wp~ -:11= if}cfas di;reB:ors, : . According, to ~he opinion of ,t he prefident a1:d - no more than two places, the· Grfat and the. Little Palls·; •fi:x at'the former, antf~, ·u ·•w .1 C 1 ✓ ' • • • •.J;"' ~ :A lock is a. bafon placed lengthwife. in a 'river or <!anal; lined with waJls of mafoni·y c.,;-i each fide, tnd and io conllr\ltled, re i:, a' cafcade or natural fall of the countrv; • .tehrunated .by two gates; placed'where'the thaC . • ' • • •. , · . .. • �1 ~VIRG f.N IX. (, . at the l{ttfer. i '.At the 'fatter nothing had ·been attempted in ' 17g9·: At the Greai Falls, where the a.iffioulties \verc judged by many: to be infurmountahle, •the work is nearly· ...., or: qt1it1:: <.wmple1ed. At the Seneca Falls the laborious part of the bufiheff? is entirely aecompliihed, by remov:ing ,the obftacle_s· and making the defcent more ·gradua,l._; fo, that nothing remained in 1 789 but to. fihifu the :channel: f.§r this gentle current in a. workmanlike ·manner~ At .the Shenandoah, where the rive,r breaks thro.ugh ·the' Blue· ridge, tfaough a prodigious quantity of labour has been befl:owed~ yet the pafiage is·· not yet perfected. · . Such proficie.rtcy has been : made, however., that an avenue •for a,. pa:rtia:1 "n~vigaition,has _t>eeh opened from -Fort Cumbfri~nd to the · Great Falls:, which' are:with~n. nihe miles of a ihipping :p nt. * .. , • , . '. .l • As foon as . the proprJ.etors iha1l begin .to receive toll, they. will doubt~efs · find are : ample compenfation ~for their pectmiary advances. · ,By an t_;ftimaie tnade mapy years;, ago, _it w:as calculated that. the amount,, in the \'.ommenceme1?t,. would be at-th~ .rate·· ef 1i,8751. Virginia currency, per annurri. The toll mµft •every year _become mote: :productive; the· quantity of articles ,'for ex'p ortition wiU be a.1'1glll:ented in a r, p_idi ia.tio, with ' tl1e-increafe of population and the extenfion of' fettlements '. • In tho mearn -time the effect will, be immecli_a tdy feen in the agriculture of the interi01: c01mtry ; foi":' the multitude of horfi~s now emp1qyed i:n carrying .procluc~ to mar}tet, wilt then.be. ufect ' alf9gether for tthe ,purpofes of ,tillage. But, ,in order .t~ f©:nn juft cQncepfrons-of the atility of thii inland navigation, it would 1:>e requifitc:~ to. noti~e· f!he long rivers whicrn empty into the'Patomak,., and ev;en1to: talie a _furvey ofthe geographical pofitio1'1' of the: as . wejlern:waters. _·_ - '• , - (· . , _T h~ ShenandoaJ.r,··which empties juft above the Blue mountains, n1ay, _according .fo• r,eport, _be made navigable; at a 'tl'ifling ex1=ience, _.more than - 15,0 miles froa;i its•ccfa'.. , j tluence. with fnG Patomak ·;· anQ'. will, l'eceive and b€ar the proeluce of; tfue riche:fl ·part; of the State.. - Commifiioners have'been appointed to form.a plan, a:nd to· e:A:imate !t:Fie€x'.pence of opening the chamiell of this ;-iyer, if on exa~iuation ififh:ould be foundt ' praclicable. Tµe · South Braneh, frill higfaer, it{navigable in 'its. acb,rnl coNdition neat-ly~F qhlite- 10b miles, throug4 exceedfogly •fertile lands. Between t)hefe on' the Virginia· £de :are fe\"._"~ral _fi:nalll.i:11 rivers, thaf ~ay I with eafa, bie improved~ fo as tq ,afford' -a: paffage for hbats. On the MarylaN.d :ficle 'ant· the Monocafy, Antietam, · a:iad Conege--. chbgue, fome _0£ w:hich pafs ~thrcfn.gh·thce State of .l\1aryland, a-nd. ha,ve thei:r fources; .. •, " . 1 ~ . , •• • , • , _ • ·in ,Pennf;y1-vania. . Fto'nhFori: Qumberl'and; (or Wil1s~ Creek) one o . two good wUcggoJ1 toa0:l may Ee· . had ·(where' the dift:ionce is faid-:-by Jome to be-t:hirty.-five-and by others forty miles) to, . t:he, Youghioginy, a large and navigable branch, of ,t'pe Monongahela, whith •l aft: __ . . • • -: 1 fotms a,. jon,i \ion with·!h\ 'Aliegan~ at .Fort PitL , . , ' 1 - i ' ' ,. ' ; ~ , t 'l . ' ,that the )?afon,bei:~g fiiled with· water br an Jl'ppedlu i.~e;. to the ~ev-e}~f t~e-wate~:s abov;e; a: ve.ffeFm~y afrendt th,r0ugl\, the upper .gate; pr. the waJer m the l0ck '3emg reduced to the level or th;' water at, the- pottom of· the cafcade,. the veffel may aft encl th1·ough the fower gate; for when the waters· ate ,brought to a"-kvd on, ~i'ther fide, . the gate on tl,1atfide m~y be eafily. opc;ned! But as tl\e lower gate is firained in J?,roporti'on to the depth of water it fuppo1'ts-, ~ihen ~he perpcndicµ1ar,tkight- of: the water ex~eeds twelve or't~irteen feet,, m?rec· • 'locks than one become neceff-arv.. Thus1 if t}4: fall be fev,enteen feet, two Jocks are re_.qu1rcd, : each havrng.'. ' eight foet:'fall ;' and if' the fall b~·twen.Jy..fix .feet; three locks arnn ~ceifary, each havirig_eig~t,feet eight inches: faU. . The fide walls qf ,thdocks oughMo he ve1'y ilrong, Where the natural fbm1dat1on 1s bad, they fhou]d , ~e foi,mded·on:, JJi\es, . and. platforms of wood': }hey fhgu1~likewife ilope 'out\y ards, . in order, to rcfifi·the £.ref,~tire of,the earth behind, _ , ' .. *:, The autl:or:"h,!s been difapp,ointed in receivi~g an acco~nt of 'the prefent frate i.mprn.liement,s. · .~ ·- of the Virginia canals, ~nd: • But,, , -3.. Q. - ,\ ' ~ 4 • ��:4~3 ,, .y IR µ :IN .IX.. . _ . . . . ifne:, ~~~~ma}5. tJir.ougfi:the Bhi~ ·:Jpge i? perhaps·,ony 9( tlie rn,o!f ftu.pe,JJdous;fce,n~f in· ,natw~- ,'. r~.u _fiand o_n a very high pomt_ of' I~v,d. 1 On yom,1 ;1ght com?~ rP1)' pie S~~: nan~oah, l1av1pg' ranged, alcHig the foo.t of ~he_ mountam_an hundred nuie~ .to _f~k: _p. vent,; on yom' left approaches··the Patomak,, m. queft of a paffag~ _alfo : .._m fne mo·mcmt qf .their jun&ion they ruih ~ogcther againfl the mountain-, rend it _afunder, and vafs off to the [ea. • The fir fr glance of this · fcene hurries our ferifos info, the :opin'i on, ,t'~at.thi.M;ar_th has beer~ createc,\ j1~ tirl¾~, th~t the moun~ains were .for~r~a :6.rft~•ty~t;_the 1•1vers began, to fl_ow afterwards _;: that m this place particularly they have been dj.rµm,ed .up by. the mue ndge of mounta1ps, and have formed. an ocean which filled the whole-, vallex that continuing t9 rife they have ;it length brokfn over at thi fpot, . and have torn th_c; m_o untain -down from its fom,mit to -its bafe. 'lne piles of roe~ on e:tch ,hanq, -9 f the,ir. c~ifn;ipt~o~ .an'd'',wuIJ?, 1 u f P~1'.ticu1a~ly dn the,Shemu:idoah, . the evident I?•~~ks •.fiQp from, the1y ,beds by the mofl powerful agents of nature, cqrrnborate thepnpreflfon i d:mt the diftanf :finifhing \vhich n~iure has given' to the pict,ure,,is' of very diffei·ent chc;ir~B:er_;, It i~ a. true sontraft to the/ fore gro~1:1d; i~ is ,as placid an.~ delig_htful, ~s •that 1s--,wild and tremendous. For the mountam, bemg doyen af9nder, prefents to, •.tpe ey~, throt1gh -the cleft, a fmall ~ateµ . of firiooth blu,e--h,orizo:q, at a,ri , infi~ite d.if: tanqe,,,in thi.e.,:plaip country, i~'viV1ig you,,_a~ it "vere~ from the riof anct 1tumuH ro~ti'r;f .·aroynd, to_pqfs tb,rot~gh the ?reacli and1?art1c1pat,c of the ~9lm below. J-I,~r¢/q1_cye ~ timately co°:1pofes _.1~fel~; and ._th~t. way _too, ~he r?ad a&lually leads. ,, You ~ro[s 'fly; •P~tomak, _above the JUnct~on, -pafa alopg its fide t~rough the b ~1fo of the }110tmtam {Dr ; tl:free miles, its terrtible p·ecipices hanging ~n fr~grri'ents over yori,'. and,,}'Vithip 1ibo,~t r tw'enty miles. reach, of •F1:edePicktown; a.rn.d the·' .fine count}y ro~m~\ tha.t. ii '~his' Jc?ne' is • :wort}1 a v.o..yage· aewfs· the Atlantic. Yet here; as in the ne1ghbout'ho~d of the >N atu•r~l ~ridge, are people ~ho,ha-:e p~.ffed _theirlive,s ~i'~hjr~ h~lf a doz~11 'fntles / :~I},d)i3\-e ; never been to forvey. thefe monuments of a war ·between nvers an<;l mountains, , wn1ch m1u.ft h~v~. fl:1?¥-e~ .th~.. ~arth itfelf_to its c~nte~,. T~~· height .of thA,1:1ou,1i~~i11~~~lf$~NJ;_ ,.yet 1qe,en ci.hm~ted w1th,. any degree of ex·a&neis., Ihe Alk gany qemg }~e ~r~at ·ndge )Vh~ch divides the waters-~£ the Atlantic fron;r th9fe •of the l\tlifi~ffippi, its(f~ Af1t i~ . doul)tlefs ..more elevated above' the OC<tan than that, of any ot,he'1; nio1fota-in. / But~its relafr~e height, compared"with the bafe on "~-hich it ftands : is t\ot fo .great ,as 'thati>f vfome~pthen1 !lie cqu~try ~i:fing behin_d the ft1c~ef!iv,e rid~e~ li~~t }y.~ff S,:~f. lUjfs::x r1c Ol gh !,JlOtmta· ns or the Blue .ridge,- a11-d; of t,hefe the, peaks of , Otter arc I to~ e ' ofi.a :gi'.)1ater, height meafured from their bafe than .any oth~rs 'in' Vi ~i11ia, i 1 fi~I-11-hl'.ps a u e: ' r-\.Vb,fit;.}_ -'co~J·t .,, From ci'ata,.,- '\Vhich 'may be1 fOlind,a 1ti lerable .,;n,'NorthAmcri;a, <' 1 , r • l ,> ' • ' ~}1{~9,,fifrt :JRt }s~ ~; )~hi pendicuJar,. P~I ·feet pqfo, q,.e,,~igheff pe~ki tcf be_ apout 4_:5,ac;, 1 ·of he }lcffTnt ·.,vflich . 01,e1.,thp·c r. f' +he hetbrrht of the mountau;i.s of South. Ame ·1ca, nor • 111..J l :l ..11·> ·qr. H' P. 1 , • '. , ., ~ , •' ,• , 1 , ~r , ~>}vo\1lq1be,;ne~crQ,ar_y ~rj our l~titu.c~~ ,~0,Jm;fer~f 19~1 IQ. t1J~ P~.t°~~ ~ff }1 ,J»Y:lJs th'i'p}J~h Npr,th - ar')Ma e ,r;dge}t the :{31:µ( next;, ~eyonp ! 1 he, ., J;idge. o.f, m~mtams· )yea-t. ,-:the a· ·.,,1 i, .cL ,... 1:ttriG ,,'J) '"' r. h -h ' , , , , • • J)~ • , ,• 1a 3· n we y. r name they.,are n .:i;ea10 1c w for .;, extent reatefr ~ b the ot is f • if;,0nntain, l\• , • ;.JJ fl 'llJ <'., )I l ~ I < '. ✓ 1 •J • " ,.. 1 l , • • 1 , ;-t-•~ r. ~ _ ,,~-r ;.,1. • i • , , 1 •1, I . , : • . . 1 •.. , <~ rr T." ::- fr. ,~•,.;. , th~ Eq_dl¢fs )vlountams . . , . 1 . 1Y:s m_ : Pi<P. 1r ,,· The '9u,a~\)tO·,wo~nta1µs ~rr: ;qfty,_or ij~fYrt1Atir~tv1de a . t1m,.~e;ip j,abou_µ~ •!!\ Co,a,; lPfl~., ~1id'. fi: , ;fio~e'if ~ e ~\l(tfffiltS ~[ i e1Th,t,Vr1~~'1'1 e1it.Hz,, Jr,cwqr~lfh, f3Ttg09q_£911, ,jan~l; ~ ,vane ·x of ,tJ~E9r~~f rif\ ,t;-g };9~ , 11R.~f&~r,~itJW4 (~re,r,1GJi ')1 '~ i <;~TIP:f': ,. . •/".J" _; ·_ l.c.al?ly wt;U,Sf<l:ter$;d,; ,;-,-,,, 1-~ ··1 tn ., t, .,,,~vi:., 1!:n;1 ·.H;1 '.i,) ~'hr;)".>' !.; JnH , ' ·i ~~~E op t'}I Gou,NfRYy J\o,JL~ ), ·,R?,:r;>Y~:r:i;m~~h ~ ~J f, 'f,9:«r,,~\i,ol,c~~}yliltry,1:~lnw)he • m,oul}taji~~,. ~vliich aEe about A5l?, _J l~1It ftty i~~~Imi1~~ ;frg~ ~1:fe fer; 1s).e_1el , , 'f_nsl;(< ~f!l s J ;:gmt N'4til©U_S app,~.a ranq~.s tg rJ}a~.e b~1tn ·)~( ee.rv.nf/-1Jm~1bx ~hS/ ?.a. ) I~HJ t P~. fo~'ir~n York and James nv.ers 1s veryievel, and its furface about forty fee aoove high :watfr , ( k. • I mar . • ..1, 3;. Q ; M a a- >{rfi 1 ���t?e ,.·, ·.At.t¥ie :flantheJ gap;;j:q fth~.r(cfg~ ,which,divi<le1 waters of tiie·_Co\~-· 21nd the-, Cal(· ,pa~ure, is,wh3:t .~,a}le~ t~e Bl.?0y1qg ~aye. . ,J.t lS m tpc fr1e 9( ~t J-nll,;' about OD& i[l}:mdre~lJeet d1amet1:r,,. f!Pd1_em1t_s-co~1.fh111Vy a currept_of a_ir <i, iu~~h force, :as to keep . t,he weeds proftra.t c t_o,t~!e d~ftance of twent~ ya:ds befor~ it. . I111s cu~-renF 1s :1tronge,i in,dry ,fj.·o.fty ·weather, and m long fj)clJs .of ram wec_!keu. R egular ,nifp1fahons and: .exj!rations of ai_1:, py,, c8:vcrns ~,nd. fitfure_s~. havf bcvD: probably enough, ac,coui~ted for,. l?y fopp9,:fing_ the11,_1, ~9,mb1n~d with mtenmttmg fom}tams, as they muf1: of ,~ourJe i_nhale · t\1e. a~r::vhile ~he rcferv~irs,<:_(e e1:llptyin.g then:feh:es,, anc;l-again emit it whil<; they are fill mg. But a co11ftant 1ffue of air, only varymg m its force as the w.eather 1s,drier ordamper, ~v-iU require a nevv•: hypothefis. There is aiio,t her blowing cay_e in the CWQ11herlq1;1d ·n;i9unt-airi·, ,apout a mile from wher.e it-crofies the Carolina line. All we know ~f this is, t4at it is ~ot GOµftant, and that a fom;itain of,water iffues from it. ,, .,_. ·,:-.; ,,. The N atural ~ridge ~s the moft-fob1ime of.. naturc's works. It is on. the· afcent of• h,ill, •which Jeem~,to .have been ·cJove_n through its length by fome great c<mvulfiorr_.. The fr{ftire, -juft at the bridge, is by fome admeafurements, two hundred and fevent, ~eet deem by ot"4er;s only two hundred and flve. It is ·a bout forty..l five ft,-et wipe .a t tlil bottol)1, and· nii1ety feet a~ the top ; this of ~<?i1rfe determipes the length of the brJ,dgo.. a11.c.q ts: height frpm·the ·water. Its breadth i11'the' middl~ iir about fi:xty:feet,, bl1t m•'. ~t. the ends, and the thic.!tnefs of the mafs at the fummit of ~the arch about forty fem; . A p,art of this thicknefs' is confiituted by a coat of earth, whicl;i gives growth to mjlllJ· . lc1rge trees·. .The refidL1e, w_:ith th~ hill on both fides, is folid rock of lime-fton~ . Tu 3/ri::h .appro_aohes , the femi-elliptica1 form -; .but the larger axis ,of the ellipiis, ,;whidl. w;!=mld b,e; the ·c9rd of,t he arch, is: ¥1any times lo_nger than the tranfverfe. . 'f,hougll ,the fid~s of. vi·/5 brigge .are provjde,d i;n fome parts with a p~rapd of fixed rocks, yet, f,• men haye.refol_i,'ltipn to walk. to•tqem and look over into the·abyfs,.,· Y.ou in:vo!untariJ., faUo,n,y:our .~ands and,feet, ei;eep ttYtlieparapet and peep over -it: If.. t-h(}·view ·• , the: top be .p ain,ftd and iµt_o1eq1bJ.e, that from; below ,is .delightful in an ' equql ext-re;~ It is imp<;xffible1 for ·~•he emotioni arifing fr~.m _the (ublime, to b~ f~lt beyo~1f,1. what tlJ9· are here~ , fo b~auttful an arch, _fo elevated, fo light, and fprmgmg as -it were µp l ieaven, the rapture ,,o( the fpectator is r~~lly. indefcribable ! The fiffure cont~uiQf narrow:, d_eep, , a11,d· ftra.ight, for a , confiderable diftance abo;v:e .~ncl belo:vv I the , hridg4i .. ppens a ihort but y.cery pleafing-,view of t~e. North mountain on on~ fide, and iBl• • _Ridge on .the. other;,, at· tt1e d,ifrance qtch )o( tlaem of. ab(?,u.t :five mpes. This lfridge • 'in the ·county p f Ro,ck.pridge, tq which ·.it- ha,s given naip.e, ~nd affo:rds a public MIi • {:omll).,odiou~ pa,fl,age .ov:er a v?,Jiey, which ca;nnot be er.offed elfewhere for a ,::o,ttfide,.-ablt • • • dHlance. The fiirearµ paffing un~ler·it i~ ~alled Cecdar Gr~ek. It.is a. water. of Jam• · Ti ~qr, ,ans} fi.1ffid\ent ,i:n·thc· drieil .feaio~s to turn a grift mjl.l, . thpugh, it~ f9untaip ii -~ n1m:9. than 11t\y,o JP:il~ q.)?.pv:e:~,:,, ;.fhew is a, na:t;ura~: btidge_. :fimilar to, ,the· .above: Q'fcm Stock r 1;eeku ~ bral)~h;e f Pelef9n river, i_r,1 W _a fhingtol'l county. ,t, ~, . ,1 ,' t~ ' : +"irn Es A~D . MH~ERA~s .J Nirgi1~ia i& th.e ~ oft pregn'!:nt :witli ~in~ra~s artd .foffl .of any 'State in the Union. / A :fingle lump of gold' ore has, .been found, n~a:\: t):le.faila Q{ R ~pp,alp 1J1npckJ~:jver, wh_ic!1. yiel1ed 1 7_ cLwt, of gold, of _ef -traordi11,ary,ductilit~• ·, ;No Qther, 1pdief!#OI\ rof gglq, pas. t e~ ditcorered .·,nj ts ·,pt i~t\PH~tlh.<?qd. ,;3/ J~~ ··M l 0 t ,, 1d On the gr@at , Kanha wa,, oppofite to the mouth ~.f Cnpple Creek, and · alfo •abq).t\ twepty.:.fiyc;\;:n~i ft~. trom, tl1i JemtheJ n ~qndary~of t;iel ,, &e; i.1._1 t};l,e po.µntiy..lof ~Qntgo<t1 r,. -, . , ~ t Jr<•:41 ::,1JJd' . . r , r, 1, 1t· Jl1 1 q. ,.r Jff t·11 ~' • > •. 1' l S JS ,; O f * Dort UHo~ ·mentions a ~:eak, fimilar to this, in the province of~ ng11raez; 1in $out}l ~ ~ ri~a.', ) I~ sif'DUa 6x1heeqrto. tw,enty ~two c;:et w1ce, ·one hun red an, d ele,·en)'1~, p, ,aild,· ne ,_mi e an,1.three quane1·ti 1cqnu~, ~, ' • r > ·' · ~· .,{) ' '1 1 <ti 1 ••, ,;· 1 , 1 ,p • , , 1 ,, , M•· ·1 1 ' • r 1 • · :f.~glifi\ ~neafur~. 'A s r a~ ,h ~ttop JS if~t 1em1b1y grfa,t~r i:h~n at liott in. , , • ,, .1. • , , r 1 , . ·~ 1 , , 1 · '.l !,, t . ; ,_ , l .so /d., ,.., '-. .• •, • , • , , n: ,_.., .\,A;J �I , , y f t(if!~ t X. I , , •, I •\V, , trtery:;dar8(fffoies•~f' 1i~ad: ."''fh,e' m8 a\,"i~Cfui'x!d," 'for,ne!tii~es1:o/1ih ea:rtl,i;·1irff •ftSfiiel~.h i~ ·' L•'· ic, ,,, t:, ! 1, ff, I . i ' "h i f, , t: r . d ~ ' .,.,, .. ' , '' {, . .. ➔,, ")• • <>:J:·•1 , K ,: .\:\viflh1' 16c&, •Wnicl'1 ~quites[ . e orce 01, gunppw el'•to 'opep 1t_; a'.na:)s ·ac~ompµmeu:·witii· 1 • ~!)p6r't1ofrbf,fil~er,!too fµiaH to.·fle 'wotth fepafafion uhtfer any'proc'ef~1lllft{etto' attfrhpte4 , H~ve.1 :j ,.Fhe{ 1pr9i5ortioa yield½d ljs • froJ? , s:olltd, ~-0 lb/ 19f ptfre' _l met~l from fo'o ]b.';'bf • • • 1 1 { ; }lfilied breY:J.'"~1ie'. hid:f}' tommon·,1si that of }({o tottfie 100, 1!:, ! , >The 'veirfs ar11 at 'fom"e'.'. trtiidi( rrro'fEflatth i11g' ;· at htkers· they difappeat· 1dddenlyiand totally::1" 'Phd'y:~ritetr.th~ :fidti rof~tlYern.m; ktid ~proceed,hor~,zpnl:aH y:1· ' fl,v9 of .thein have beent ,Vrc/ugl{t' Jjy th~ '.~iff-b'l'~~Ji 'T Befe Wou:1di.~m1Iloy , ~~ot.1t•--~fifty :.labqt1re:rs ,to1advantage'. J 'FHirty merr, ',vho ha:ve'1tt t,h'cH:'ahl'e'{tiine' faif{d:<.tq'~it 6wn' corijf h_<;lVe . produced fixty}tons ·~f! 1ead•;tn t4e y€a(j ·0l1t the,.,genera:l 'qiia13{ity'1·s'frp m :tw;e\11:y to {weJ]ty-fl:ve tons·. The·prefent frfrnace . .is<,pini'te'fr 'm H\.e ' ore tJl111\k{ atid-'bi}')lh&' $ppbiite Tfide ofi the', 'river. l The pre ' i'.f,'firft ' w_ag:goned t(J t•We ~n -re~r a qµarte;i" 'cff,-a,Lrnile/ th.en •laden 011 bbard of ca:qoes and1 carried aclt0fs'the'"r~\fbr,--" whieh is ~fln~re' aBo -t--" two 'huhdrb:V y:,tl-cls ',ft~e,, 'and then agaip. -takep- • , ,i•~•t'1llvlg!go·n,s ranG ·carfr6d~to -t<Ke·fo1:n~ce:·;1 'l'his Jj-lode wa~ ·originally adopted,' f~at t~~y migl(t>avail fhemfo1Ve~'ota·gbqc:lfiifuatfohj;m <1; creek, ,for a pounding ·mill; buf it wc;mld. be1@'afyl'fo-hav~ :tbe-furhaee and c'! poundi11g mill ob. th'e' fame :fide of the river, which w~U,l1:1f y:telq,WJtet,~:~ithouf'a11f d~m,: by a canal of about) mlf a $ile in ieng!h, Fi;om·' th~Hfdrft~ce ~tl1f lead Jiis:tia:nfpflrtel'P one .hmidh-;d artq thirty nYiles ':a.lo:gg a goocl road; leadi111g,'ithrbu1?;li ttie'pcaks ofl Otter to Lyncfi's' feri·y, or "\Yinfroh 's, on Jaip.es rive;·,Jro:rp. ·. \vhehce·,it isr'catried by watei: abouMhe fame difta1iee to W eftham: , This land carriage • ; ~a-y,'be-'grei tly'lli.prtenell, .oy 'delivering· the l~a-cl' on j ames river; abov~ .the Blue Ridge, . '. frolh"'wh'en:J:!~1 a-to'il.' {veight,,fla~ been brought in two canoes: Fri'he Greaf Ka:nfiaw~ has confldel'abl~ falls in the n~ighbourhood bf fhe ininGS; About Jeven miles bdow ·at~ three f~1ls} of,three or'lfom feet perpendicul# yach :, and three_miles above ;s a : rapi~ ·of .tJllt.ef Utni'.les (COntin-6.a1ice,. ,vhich has bt;erf comp':!,req in its ,defcenMo the great 'falPof Jam't':s"river ;· . yet it is the opinion, thadhey ""rnay be laid open•for ufeful pavigation; fo·-~~•;frfJ educe very muc}:i the port,tge Betwfep the !{anhawa ancl: Ja1hes rher! <>~ ·: ,,:, \ ''IN inirte of copper was 1ope:ped ,in t;};ie ¢aunty of Amher;ft, on tl~e. n6rth fide of James river-;.and·1~n,,..other in _the ' oppofite CQlfnty 1, o'n .the fouth Ji9e; HoW!:Ver' ,either:frsfrn bad n\anagern~nt Qr'the povGrty of Jhe'veins, they were di[c~mtinue~. AJdvycar· agJ th':Gre#ere 'fix 'iron mines,worked in this State. ,·Two ·o f them made about 9ne hciiidred a.q.d ':fi.'fty :tons· ba~ iron each; the 6thers rr'iade fach from iii l1undi-ed -to 011e'thoufand fix •huhdredions· of pig•iron annually.· , ·Befides tl;i<ife, a forge at Fre1ericltfb,urgh;· nad~ abouMhre.e huridred tons. a year of bar iron,J fro~ pigs impor!ed fr~m)\faryl,tntl ; a1fd a: forge' 01-1 Neapfoo of Pa:tom,:;ik, "Yqrkcd in -t4e' fam~ way. ' ~I'l~e iric1icl ti~p 9i~f' ifonJ1; -0tncr pfaces 'a te numerous;/ a'r).d difperfed through all the nij~'d~~ ob.unit y: 'Tpe 1hp;gh-:110fs :ofithe' t afi irort of forirn of the furnace's is·v'cry re1i-iarkable.- •Pot :an:df9thet'uterHits; cafi ;tHifiner tha1i ufual,' of.this iron,"may be, fafely thro,~n 'into orloht rof t~1e•#a:g'go).\;~ .in which they are fran~ported~ , Salt ,pans i:p.a:d('.l of the-fiime~ ' ~nct!·n. 0' ¥6rtger ,f alilt<id .f<',r 1 • !hit jm'rpofo,, .car,inot be bro~en'up i1t order to be _melte1 ~gain, rin!ef; prev:+o.u~y ~1'll1ed, : 0Hl' m.wnfparts. , iL,, t >,, •,·, . ~, . _· :. 1 . , ,_, •• ,r:>_,' 1 :. ,•:·,\J,,, 1 :,~1 ln tl1e,,veften1 palt of the Stat~ ~y~\ are 1o1~ •ptiroi;'l ~}n~s 911 8hefi~uf 18)r'~~:]q ,;{i_ branch of the Great •Kan'h~wa; ~•hear where l:t ·croffos'.fhe-Ca!·d1i:rra Jiq~ 1;'.· 1'tYt~rift•c't:ti~_jj places (); , ••l · J ' }. ,.,, t· ' • f , ' , ;ii. J' r,, ,t ·, d, . ' •. n-:1,.,, ,)fl f ,nf J •, · €ortft'dercibl~:~uantities bf w:atktl~ ~.J~re 1ta~efi'loecafl!ehlaHffp.r 1-td frifilt1\VJfitefhW1t(; ~rrth.e·coi.mty.. of Ameli.a: . The1:e}s no ~vork ·eftabliflred ~tit, th9fe ~ho want?· a-oing .an9: proo.irin'Gt 'it fdr themf.clves: i •• F, ' · :,; n. <' 11,-.,p ,,r·,Itn ,,r (,,,ri r~")i'':'r•, ·rr 1 .o!('.J no • * . ') Th~ .counJft fo~bbth' ~tles.~6f,Jaip~~j~y~i·? mond, and for icveral miles riorthward ancl fouthwa1:d, is teplete ·with mmenrl ~6a}. • ,·i ' • • ... , • • • of 1 1 \1fdnt!1;:_~ru~:i~:~f}yy\ij;f~U1Ursi1l~1~~1Is'\1/\ �,\ . :v r R G r N I A: a very e-i:celTent quality; -Being iri the hands of many p.r.oprfotors; pits na-.e . . opened,- and w01'lced to an extent equal to the demand. The pits which have ' .opened li~ 15.0 or 200 feet abov~ the bed of the riv~r., a~d ha:·e been yery little in !1:o<l~d with water .. . The ?rft d_1fc~very of tli~ ~oal 1s fa1d to liave been made by a :d1ggmg a~ltel' _a c!·ay-1!ih_; •1t has alio been found on the bot~om of tre,es blo:wn up. -in~ny places ~t J1es w1thm thr~e or four _feet 0f the f,urf~_ce_ of the ground ►- It is e&n.tc.: • tm:ed that 500,000 bnfhels might be npfed from ene p1t 1n 12 months. , , • ' -In t-he wefrern-' cotrntr-y -1: coal is kno-,vn t'.o be in'Jo mati.y places, as to .have iillfl.~:d _a.:l opini_on,, H1a!- tlie'whole tra:a Between ,tlie Laurel M0uhtain,. Mi1fiili1~pi, and~ }'lelds rna.l. It 1s alfo k,_nown mmany places m\ the north fide of the 01110. The at Pittiburgb is of a very foperior quality: a bed· of it at that place h~s been on ftre<fi the year- 176 5. Another coal hill on the Pike Run of Monongahela has becn.oi\ ~ •• . •'ten years; yet i:t has burnt away about 20 yards only. • • • l haNe known 0ne inftance, fays Mr. Jefferfon, of an emerald fouhd:in thisco try.1 , AmetJryfts have-been· frequent, and ·chryftals c0mn1dn; yet no(i.n foch nunn·•l!;.· ,' f • ' • . • arly Gfthem as to be worth feeking. ' . There is .very g':)od marble, and in very gr~at abundance,. on-James r:iver, a metitn."of R0cRfi:fh .:' fome white ahd as pure as one .might e:xcpect to' :find,·on the fu fa-ce·of:the eahh; but generally .variegated {vi_j;:h 'Ped, blu'e, and purple. - Noneol n.As ·~er bet:i1 worke~: it.forms a very large•precipice, which'. ha~gs , over a\ navi~ • . ·' , . , • 1 • . part of lhe nver. '' ' 1 Brit one.vein 0f Iime~ffone· is known below-the Bfoe R.i<lge :: its-fl.tit app:earane81:tltflt,: J>:v.ince William, hvo miles below the Pignut Iidge of mountains; thence it pafl& .on. ·.nearly paral-1el witlHhat, and ·ciroffes the Rivanna. r about ve miles bel'ow it, wh • is' ealled · the Sbutp-w'eft- Ridge: it 'then crofles Hardwar.e,. a,bove the m0uth.of ... ,.._...: fon~ creek, 1james rivet;' at the mouth ot Rock:fifh, at the marb-le quan·y :O€fore :6 'of, . probably n1ns up -th'at-iiver to whe're' it appears again- a,t.Rofa'<S iron works, a 'i?atftti' off '(6uth-wefrw'ardly by Ffat. ci:eek of Otter •rivei: :-. it is 11~ver more -than yards wi&e,. Ffoµi: the< BI-ut ridge weftwatdly the whole _cotmtry 'feefus to. be fou ,;on. a·rock ofliniel.:ftone, • b~ficle_s-in:ffoite quaritities'on tne.forface,. both loofe and fi -. this is cut-ihtd 13e'ds:,. ·wnich range,•as the mountains-· and.fea coaft d0; from fou~Wllli ; 'I :·, . • I ; to' riorth~aff: . t ~ I • fprings,Jome ·ofwliich.are i eralmed'i.cinal ie are •, 'M i n'rc-1~ALJ3PRINGs~J' ,r-nere bitably·effioa"eious, '\~hiTe othets' reem to owe' theirTe1mt~ti0n as much to fancy, change ot: 'a.1r·and·_rcgi'.tnen~ as-fo,t'heir·real{virtues . . •'None of them hav:c un,d-e:rgo • hdmical -a;nalyfis in-JlMfol hands; nor been fofar the fubjecr of obi~rvations 'as t-0, htt prQ~Ucd~ a,.redu:tt.i6n1 in.to cfaffes- ofthe ·difordt;rs which. th'ey relie\se ;. it is in.my ~ 1 ii • 1, to g1,ve11ttfo. mo:t6'than,an erimnemtion~of them.. .: : • .of:J~ four~es nearthe Augufta,. fp~·irigs-in two. ar~ thefe of effica~us moft . .,,l'he river, wllere it is called.Jai:lffoh's river; , They rife near t,he foot, of the ridge of m ' taihs, gen~raJ117;,:caned the, Warm, fpring mountain, ~butin the maps :Jackfon's moun...tains.. The one ·is-diftinguilli~d .by tli~ tiame of."tl:ic Watm, Spring,. arid the other, £. t"tie Hot Spring. The war-m· fpri.ng iffues' with a.very bold fir<!am, .~fuflicient to wdlt.. -a grift milI, , and t9 keep the waters' of its bafon, ~hi.di i7-30 feet-in diameter, at tl}e.:. ·vital·warmth,.viz. 96• .-o f Fahrenheit's thermometer. Theriialter with ·which thefe waMs:is allied is very volatile; · its fmell indicates it to be fiilphureous, as alfo does •the oircumftance .of turning fi.lv:er b1ack .: • they relieve rheumatifms : other cornp!ain,ts•al» ief Yery different n;itures Have been removed. or• leflened by them; ,!trains here·four or · • .:five days in every week. "Of 1 I I . 1 �, , . . I V I R G I N I A. 4 9. , . is mucfi f~1aller, . ~na has b~cn fo _ • , The hot fpring is about fix ·miles fr~m th~ W(trm, _ hot as fo have boiled' an egg. Some 'helieve its degree of heat· to be lcficned: : i-t .raifos - the mercury jn Fa11renbcit's thermo1:netcr to 112, d~g¥ees~ wl;iich is fever.bea t :\ it' fometimes relieves wher~ the watm fi:iring fails. , A ' fpu_n tain of common water, iifoiug within a few i1'lches of its margjn, gives -it a fingufa.r appearance. Comparing the,tem, perature of thefe •with that of the h9t iprings of Kamichatka, of .which Kr4chininniko~v gives n-n account, the.difference is very g,reat, tti.e latter rifing the mercury to 200 degrees, which i.s within 12 degrees of b,oiling water. Thefo fp1fogs ai·e. vety qrnch 1 refortcd to., in fpite of a totq'l want of accommodation for the fick. Their .waters are ftrongett in the hotteft m6nihs, which occaiions their being vifited in July and Auguil . :\ • _ . . . . • . . . , • principally. T,he fweet !_prJngs are in the co-qnty of Bot~tourt, at the eafrern-foot of the Alleg:iny, a.bqut 42 miles from th<; ,v-..rrri fprings. They are :frill lefs knqwn. Having been found .to r~lieve cafe1' . in, whicli• the~ others .had ,been i11effe0uall y tried,_. it is; probable 'their . .. coip.po:1.it.ion is differe.n t : they are different alfo ,i11 their temperatu~e, •being as cold q.s •• :e?mmon ,~a~er; which is not mentioned, however, as- a proof of a cl~.(i:inct imprcgnA- . . .• • • . . t_1on. ,_ Tlus 1s,among the firft fources. of James river. ,. ,On Patomak 1·iver, 111 .Berkelcy county, above the North Mountain, are medi~inaf . . [prings, JI?.l!Ch more freque.n ted .than 'thofe· of'Augufl-a: theii:· . powers, however, are . . leis, the waters weakly mineralized, and icarcelv warm. They arc' mon; vifited, bccatife fituated in a fertile, plentiful, and populo'us cmmtry, ptovided :with better aecommoda~ipns~ always fat~ from J~e Indians, .and neareft to. ,the more p0pulous States. In Lou1fa county, on the head waters of the South, Anna ·branch of Yor~ river, ~re · . fprings of fo,me medicin_al virtue ; they are, llowevcr,, not' _mue;h ufi;d. , Ther<t'is a w~ak. ,chalybea.te at, Richmond, and many others in v?-rious _parts oft.he country, .. ,vhich are ,, of too little. worth, or too little note1to be enumerated after thofc before mentioned. • We are told of a: fulphur fpripg on . Howard's · cre~k of green ,brif1:r• fo) he lo~v grounds of the Great)(anhawa, fevert miles abovG- ;the •m'?uth oLElt: ,.river, ~nd 6,7 '1bpve th~t pf the Kanhawa itfelf, is a hole in ,the earth of the ,capacity of 30 -or 40 gallons, from which iffues confrantly ~ pituminous v~pour, in fo ftrong a cum;nt, as to give to the fand about its orifice the motir,m which it has_in a 1 ]),oiling fpring:' J >n: prefonting a lighted 'candle.or torch within 18 •inches of the hole, it flames .up in a -coluinn •of 18 ,inches diameter~ -,md four or five feet in height, which fometirries burns, qut in 20 minutes, and at other times·· µas· been known 'to ,continue tr!:e.e days, "'rid . then h,is b(,':en left burning. '_T h,e flame is unfteady, _of the de,41fity of that of bµrn,ing fpirit~, and fmclls l,ike burning pit coal. W ,a,ter fometimes colleB:s in the b_afon, whi,c h is rem,trka1;>ly col~l, and ·is kept in eb,ullitlon by the vapoµr ~ffu~ng_'through it~-if Ntbe vapour be fired m that 1}ate, the-water fOQn bec~es ,fo " ~<;1.rm (hat the 1J~nd c~1hpt _bear it~ a~ evap~r.a:tes wholly in a fuort time_. This, wit~ the ci,rc_µmjace1lt lands, · M. • . _; ·. • the prnperty of Prcfi.dent W .aihtngtQn and of General ~w~. ..;, I2 ib,o-gt ) of coh:i111n• ~. fa ~ \V}}ic· -<;>f flame tho_ There ~s a £.n.1ilar one 9n .Sandy riy.cr, apout ftaid ya.pour~ k.indle~J..,~e,1 Clarke _inches .diamete:;r and,thi:ee, feet high. Gcner-tl .• • • • J • . ,i , ,. , , .a.n hom, and)~ftit b\1rning. one ts there _ . {9trnta11?,S: Syphon of that_ to 'l~ads -fprings 'The mention of. uncomrnoµ _of thcfe :n~ar the intcrfectfon .,o( thy LC?r(LF.airfax's, ,bounµaiy.,wi~Ji thy ~ort1'. ~qhp, tain, 11bt [1:ir from Brock's g<!,p, on th e fl-reanfof which i;,, a griftm1ll,,w):n~h gands t.wo · bu{hels .o f grain _at every fioocl of the fpri11g. Another 1:ear . l!1e Co\v -Pailu:re river? ,a .m.ile ,aqd •.J. half below. its·co!ffl:uci;c.t with the Bull Paftm~ .nvcr, a}ld l6 or 1_7 1-nile§ , ltl. : ,. fro a R • , 8 1 �·VI R G 1 N I A, f'rem' tii-e·,Hot' S'pti:ngs, w-h-icn fo.termits .once in ~very twehe-irour.s.. Oned11iuneartlfe:: · " .. • , r, •, 1 -r' • • 1 - • ,. '' ' ·, I -mouth' ofthe '~orth lfo1fton. , . After :t hefe- :may be mentioned, the N<!Jural Well on 'the-.lahds ofia' 1VIr. Lewis, "" Frederick c.ounty: it is ·fomewhat larger than commofi '\'Q°ell ; tlie v.,;ater\rifos i n it alt ·' near t~e furfa~e 0£ ~he ~arth as .i~,the neighbo~1ri?g arti_ficia\ weUs, arid, is· of a depth aa-t yet unknow n. It 1s fa1d, there 1s a current 1n, 1t tending fenfi.b1y downwards •; if thiJ,· • 'be trU<~, it probably ,feeds.,forne-_fountain, of.,which it·'is the natural refe·,•v<>ir,;- diftin--iniihed fro'.rri. ',others, like that_of Madifon's cave, by. being.acceffible,: . it is Med with at li5ueket and w1ndlafs as an ordinary well. . . , • • • ·, • • PoPlTLATION .] See tc1.ble. .enrolW-1 ,fa 0~ 5 'and..,. - M1LITJA.J Eyery able-bodied freeman, , between the ages of 16 ,fo the militia. 1 Thofe,of every county are formed into companies; and. thefe 'a:ga:iniint0 ; one br more battalions, according to the numbers in the county : •theyi ~.a!e,co~al,l'dgc\\ ~y colopels, _~nd other fobord'inate •officers; _as_in .th~ :e_gu_lar_'(ervice. ' In every,cQunty is a county lieutenant, who commands·the whole m1htia·m h tS' county, . but. ranks only· as _a colonel_in the fierd. The~ h~vy no g~neral_o~cers alw~ys exifting :7, thefo a~ca~ ' pointed oc_caiionally,~when an •mv:afi011· or infumrechon happens, ,and their: comm1ffiGb,,. determines. witht the occafion. , The goverll(iJf is head of the military. as ·well as 1eivfi . . powet. • The law requires every militia-man to provide himfdf with'thdarms ufual in-' • the regufar fervid:. : , But this injunction was always indifferently, complied with, and,., ·themr,ms they hi:1'.d have Jbeen fo frequently called (or to·arm the · regulars, that in~ Io~er ,parts: df the co'u ntry they are entirely difarmed. Ii;i the imiddle c~untry . a foutfh. . :. orJ fifth 'ipart, ofr'tm.erli, fnay"fo1ve d uch fi.relocks .as ·they ·had provided to · deftroy the : :noxious-an'im.als wh1ch\infeff their fa1,ms; ·and'on the weftern '(ide of..the •Blue.·R idfF . • 'cf , • -. . • ~ _ :t>Hey i're generally armed.w'i.th rifles. · - , ., 1 • a1mofUnca}ilit renders . rivers, havigable many fo by v ir The-,inte1fecl:ioi1:of V:irgin~a, ·oanlldtl force· a people, of numbfr great a;i fupport not will 'hfe of defero:c e: :as :the land foonvhe"'collefud)to·.'repet a•fo~den ii:ivafo:m. 1 If tyie m.ili:tia bear the fame prop~rtili>lt: }o-thefo:utnber_oLinhab~~nt~ now, a_s·in 178'2, they a mounf to about 68;ood;., t • ~1 'FowN.sJ;, They •have· ntr fownfhips • in this State,- nor any,. towns of cone. · \ •DFMEF ~ o. C} \Te!1ce, w iug p:roba'bly ,t o tlie·interfeetion of the oGnmtry ,by navigable" rivers, which~ tiri 11 gs ~tliei t,t ade fo:lt he. do,OFS ~ ofither inhaHi{a11ts, a:nd prevents.the neceffitiy O£t~eir ·;g~j.!. '1:1 .•f ·~ • in .ql'.le • 0fiit-ito a<'. mwan e:· • t ,_, 1tr ); •• ~ : ' f' 1 ~ • . ) . • :VVntL ;-~l¥si u1t"G'H,t~~v'hicktiJhthe. yea; 1i'786 -·;was the--fe~:t of'government; neverieont- • , t~1i!ldd ·a be~e· 18c.0rirthabita:nts,1 'and· :Norfolk,, the~ moil: populous town they eved1ad l H~ •'\:kgini~;i rnorrtained hu~ •6000. , The·. tO\vns, . 0r m01-e ''JJ,roperl y villages or hamlets,, ' -.r t ·r, ~ J'\ir 1 ,:r • , - . ,· .. ,r.11011 .rrr.e,ias follows f ;0n1ga:mses 1rl:ver -..a nd r-its rwaters:El,.:N 0rf0lkl, Portfm0t:1th? Hampton,:. SuffolM Smii!b'..·:ffi.leldr. ,v\;~alli.anifli1frg,/;tPetei:fuurg~, Rfichmond; the feat :.of government, . ,Manche.fret,. _6 har}oitefviJJe;1 ,rN~~ -Lo,ndfor.~•€)rr \ York riv.er , a9cl .its, waters, •York,, Newcaffie,, •Ha)'rover: ........O,rniR'.aipp~hamiocR, ' Urbanna; Por.tf Royalf .t Prederick'.1:bm-g; .Fa:hhoutk.~0 .m ,afom.al]t andrii.fo w-at:eusi ,Bumfries; Colcheft211;,·Al-e:ii1a:ndria, Winchefter,1,Staunton. . .em~e.ne, 31Fe>_pfa.cre a w,hick,1J;iik.e 1fofue.tot ,t1rei'.£G>legoin@;h he laws hav;efai;d,theretfhail ~ .be fo:ivns,•d:~u.tfnafanfi , ±Jias ' rud there';fh.all <ph ; and:JJtheyrr:emainmnwu1thy,,,ofienume--•tafrq11.:.s1rNdrfolk '™iHrpr.©babl¥,b~come the emponiu~. fo:fra.lMhe trade t >f i he ;Chefa~·' Ba;yi'.aJ111ri!GitQ i·w:a:t rs 1tr.lI1f? .a, i·ca&~l,:161\ :eiglit~·orr•t_e1i1G:miles-; , whi-&h i,s-:: contemplatedj 1~nd i . ~~vill f\)fobabliydoo:ru~b-e; . <DmphBted9t wi}l:.hr:i11g \it (i)f _ Mlh"lt:of,Alhemarle found ·anxi::its~ • .wa:ters~wiS coJiTtlam¥'t~}itihis,riFacte,}rkrecJ the·~oMfnsta t4e hea:cl ofr:tliei!icle, \v.ute~·s;· to wit; - 1 Peter~urgii0nl AlJ!)!>amaittdx-i.IUchmond on.rJ,ame r.iver; .,., N~wcaftle~cm-:York river, Fre--derick:fburg_h ,., .H , • '.-.sif,CII • a 0 1 1 : J 1 f f .. . • 1f11 J. • , ~ , , . 1 • , �·\ ,Jde.fi~lbtfrgh:0n'Rappahann6ck, anch.AMxandri~ •on ·.P~totnak.t From -thefefthe ~diftrir bution will be to fubordinate :fituations of the country. •Ac.cide11tal cireumftance,s ho,v~ ,-~;ver) may ,coi1trol .the indications· 0P :nature, ,andjn 11.0 ihfrances, do ,t hey-do ;if more . ., . , , • J . ~frequently.• than in the rife· and;fall ofi tov,ms. . r ,.,.,·1,_;t ' . ,,, . • •. • n • · • ts· lli:>- ~the ~forngDi'n g general ac~ci,u ~t; w:e add .the foH0wing_tiniore 1 particular, ·de-- , u: r·• 'St" •• iic:np ,10.rrs ·: , ,., • . •. . ·,I • ·.,, • ...· • ,,, ~ • • •. , , .: ,,< , . ,r·, , ·• ''·11 .,,1A6:xA;Nlil'1trA~:ffands.on-theJouth bank bf Pat<?mak ·riv,tw :in fFairf~x courity: its £tu!: ~ ..atiofois,i elevated a:nd ipleafant; the foi} is clay. .T he m::igin:al fettlers ;t anticipating its . • future growth and importanre; laid out the~ftrtet-s upcm the,:plaa 0£:Philadelphia!· It • contains, abou t 400 lioufes, many of ,vhich a!e q,and:fomely. built, and nearly gooo in:hafliri-ta1Uts:; •. ,fF,his,fown, upon opening the navigation .of Patomak -,river, and,_ in confol -(IJ:nence·;.\Jf ~·its vicinity to the city, of W afhingto1~;·, will probably bei .o ne. •of 1 the m0.ft £thritvi1?g •commercifil _places on the continerit. ' , . i . " • • .. Jr , if" JJ,( ·•;-: ,, , --; ·iMouiNT VERN oN, •the .celebrated feat of Prefident: W aihington,: ,is- pleafantly,fituat~d on1:he _V,:irginia bank of the river Patomak, \.Vhere it is nearly-two miles :wide, ,and .as ab.out 280 mile,s frorn:,the fea, and I''27 frnm Point Look~out, at ,tho mouth 'of t:he ,rivet. ·It fa ,ninc,ruiles.below Alexandria, am} four above•the beautiful feat .ofrthe. fate Colonel.· Ea:1rfax,1 c.alled1BeUe~oir.;, The ·aria of the mouut is 2,oc;r fect:.above ·th.e~furf.a~e, ofrtke 1river;1,and, fraften furniihing ;a "lawn of five actes :in ,fro1:t, and about t½,ie fame in-rea,r of' .,th~ bU:iidings, .falls ·o ff i·ather aibruptly on thofe tw◊'quarters. On the ,hor.t h,encHt fub. :tides gradua:1ly into extenfive pafh1re grounds; •whi,l e ' on .the ,f(?uth it Alopes m0re fteeply iri a ihorter.di1i1:ance, ,a nd terminates with the ·coach-houfe, flables,. ,v:ipeya:rd, and nurferies. • ,on either wing IS a .thick grov.e· ,of different ,flowerin~lfo3teili1 trees. ' Earallel- with them, ,on the land fide, are two (pa_ci·©us, ga.'rdens, ,into which oFte.:i sded by - two ferpentine -gravel walks, planted with weeping 'willo,ws -::\tM:L :iliadyl lihru'bs. · •!Jlh:e'manfroii. 'houfe· itfelf (though ·much•erp.beHifhed, by,; yet 110! perfuctly:i'n!isfa&ory to · the chafte fafte of the ·prefent po{feffor) appears vtmerable ahrneonvemient.· • The • .faperb banq'uetting room has been finifoed :fince11e returhed) 1ome-frqm,tlie, army. ~ A lofty portico, '96 feet in'length,. fupported by eight pillars,, -h~s a - ·pl'eafiri:g.e'.ffect when ~vf¢w,e d1from the water; "the whole ·affembl,age 1ofohe grBen.,houfo~ :CchoQ1:-hfmfu, 0.ffic.es .arid fer:vants' halls, when feeti, from the land ,fide p ibears . r a :re(cimhla'n~e:l"tg ' a rurabiril-,!age,; efpecially'a~ the .,lands on tl:).at.:fide ·are:laid 0i.:1bfomew-habin ~he!form o.fiiEJ.':lgliil11 . gardens, in incadows and gr~fs grounds, 'ornamented with littlo •~@.pfo,, dirwlad clmnps, aiil.d :fin'gle trees. A .fma.11 park ,on..±he margin ·of the riven; w.her~ the-::Englifu. fatlo\V-' •deer,. apd the American wild deer a:re feen through•!.4~thiekets'[I altoilnat0l1Ji 1with,1the vefiels as they are· failing alon:g,<1 add a roman fie ' and:; picbvr.efq,ueuappearanc .:1 to"the ) whole fcenery. On the oppo:fite _fide of a fmall creek to the northward,,3_vari ft::x:tenfive p1ain,';_exhibitipg corn-fields ,,a:nd• cahlel gr~zing,, ~affordsrin_fcimmer 1a:-vlux:rn:lira!!flalpd- ' _ frape ;i w:hile the ••bl~n.ded v,erJui'e of W?OC!l(a·n~s . a~d ,c~ilth~ te41 deili1Li~i~1isYVom '.t he . Matyla:nd.ihorc; , v~negates•tlie iptofptml rn1a , fia1:m1ng1marrNer ..,i;,"18uch a!ii@lthmphdo-. · ·fophic ihades .tp _whichtthe Iatyl Corfimaiider ,--,im(:lhief of1ttheor.Arge1i am~ niie.s ' T.etired ! f rom the ,tum1Jltu0us fc<mes -oi :a 1'bu{y.-\v,Qvld', ana( which ];l~-:d m;g 1iincei eftR to,)tfrgnify, hy1his ::uneqtialled a:bilirt:ies,1 :th~ rmqft .imp61'talnt~oiin'c i' ~ tlr<l 1gfft•ctmhis) teJ}(;}W; qttiiens; '), }"'R !IWE RI'C°K'6.BU.RGH.,tJ-in tht-x:ounty:.i Q. ,Spa t.fy1varrid ii"·,n tuit-e(?llf@n;ffh:e;~uth'vfide "O -~ Rap.palfannock'.,riv,er-,J Ll C, miles froma,11rn:1,1uI:h<:;rra.11:q • ~fa:taifuis:(f[}Clisit !,-Utttr1? 6ufe~, rpi·in.ci,pally•D ,·onostti-ec,t;£ wl\ichi. nms·nea'.li}y p,araills;twifrdlh kke:.11ive~· \n<;la t)bn· • nhll!l)Jlta.n-~s:· 'fh R i cH wo::-.n;,l irt he, em.mty.Jf Henuic6, i ,31.°tlneip:vefe¾b.lfe'~ lID1.6-go-iclll1meuti,Jra.nd<Jta:n_<rls OB thb r1orth iide,"o f Jan'les /r'i;v:~j-, •'j'mft at the)fo.otio:£ ,the5falil~, a• :mcbt@ro.itaiins..rbe'tivee~11}4.ho ~nd 500 houfo~, and nearly; 4 000 _inhab i,r,_i..nt&; J',1~.airtrlof .thf -1 hdufe_s, a ie.:·bui\ 1r11io·1 J~ec ,,,;•,-p,.• _;>1 · . ·' , · ,.,R ·2 • · 1naro-1n ti ' ~~. '. . . : ;) , , • • ,. ~ b Y ,. . " 1 # .... _ ., - ��.' > ' ' , r••.: 4.95, r ,i I'\.,,-, I t'Ac',/ Vft ·., \D !t1l' i'II '/ 1 '1'7 ~ :/·:E;I~&. ti~~~nc -~ ~he 3/ea1r ~ • g1ii,~r "!f\rt? §~ecl:ect ;a~ th)~ e1ip~~}~ ?'f t~e _State/ rude111Hs , to'tlhe; . ex.pofed 1s ftatue el~gant" th1s anc.¥ · , nrduns t'han bette~ He li; 1s cap1fol 1 .,,,: _f; ~·:.11(,,,~ ~·-.1tl '){ ,._, ,,.h;• ed. oftl~g.r_bel'aa _oo:ys, -andis' lhamefu lly,defiic ;1 trade hO' ;' oly mefanlfr • ' ap~ar-stduU;- fotfak,en, and ~E very tli-ing in 'Wilhah liliurgh 1 1· a' • ,-1 ·n -11. · · :<. ~ •.,.,),, f 1 ·r • · ;l 'no muuitry . ' l b appeare 1tt /-fl1 .! &:- · .)\ ivery•_ ' ; an no amurcn}ent, , ut t 1,e rn,amou ~ u d •d -gaJUmg i_p<!,1lf tfue rt movali Q~t1>rinG ' coll'~~e; h~ ofi le 'fr ~ o. ~ ·a n,ye of 1rep~_io,n . ' .}'~e -6np~?fp1 1 1• of the feat ot·govertiment, hav~ conf1'11::luted rriucli fo flfoltlechne of ffiis' 01'ty. L·, s, , 1· •, 's,poi'nt; ,i4 !fro~n· l\q:iond~y Y 01t~·r9 wN? ~!lm~l_cs e'~ihfa,r~ :from wp1i~~ ~utgh, · and 1 of .de fot1tlY1:fi on}the at the ~outh of the nv_er, I a; place bf about 100· poufes, ntuafedr York i"iver, and-contains ibout' 76o;inn~bita'nts: I It Wa-s eri'd'{,-red tfamotis11:iy the cap..J 1 1 'United, tJ~-e of L,ordC ot n\v~Jiis' and his 'anny,, 'on'1:he r9thof ·Oct~be1•,, i1,7'8r, hy the >, 1 , , • 1 , .-. , 1' ', r-r • • • . forces of :F rance and America .. , , 1 .fhe· in l f6umle \vai Macy ·an.cl i. Cb .t,EG.t J, ;. A'cAn i~n~1: ,r: &c. J T1fe •eolleg~- of WiJJiart o:flla11rl, and time ~fKirig Wil~iarn ahd:Qt~_eell' Mary, who granted to it 20,060 Af"cres 1Macylan d, whi.c h and a pepny J 'pound; duty on·cettairi tobaccos exported fro~ Virginia . ha,q,'bbe ntle'vied bf the ~att;rte •of 25 Ca . II. · 'The . ifefnbly alfo·gave7it] by 1errtporaiy r~foul'ces th~fe• From la;wp, clgty' oh Iiquorri mport'ed ; ·and :!kins and ftirs expoii:ecl: • it r~ceivecl,'upwards' of 30001. The 'buildings 1a'.re''of brick, fofficienf rfor 'an iricliifereht •. 1,. gevern· . e' tmder'.-th Be tp a~copim od;tion ,of J;>erliap_s I so ~udents . . By, its chrtrter it!was 1 '] pi-bfix )tfada 'prefidei al 1 m,lrlt bf30 vif?.t6rs, wh'o were' fo be ifs le~flato rs, a_nd 'to liave l GeneFiL · the· in altive reprefe:M fe'ifors, who .were inc.orporatetl.J.,,j t was allowed a Afie~tl y._· Q;n'µer this charter ·a~piofeiforihip 'of the Greek -and"•La tiri,Jaag u ~es{1ire , two ofidi:Vi-hity, .;,wert;,e'fta ...;: pr,qfefforihip of mathematics, 1~bnc of moral phHofophy, and, 1 able donatJ n >by •a , ' T~:-tHefe ';were a'.n:pe'xed,, for a fixth profefl'orf,hip confidef blill1e.i. 1 1 'eo'rlf erfib"n to,! their andC a"']yl~. Bqyle of:Engla hd, f~r the ,in~mcl:ion of the Indians; · 0 £ ~1il ~w _ieftate :fn t-£rom , rafferton B _ · of Chr· J;lianity: ·'this ,'\vas ·tailled· the profcffdt:fhip 0£.' f'dlrhers 6f1:he 1~ adtniffi91 The , naq1e irt Eng1ancl, r plirch~fed with th'.e monies given. ...;_; ; tfo ::t~id eea~le if'difagif g rehderi-1 this , ; - L~fini and Greek'. filled the college with children t-?oire·, ;-,theyi {ciei1ees th'e .on entering grading to /young gen~lemet1 already prepare q for 1 clifcoilrag!a. froth'refOFtihg to· it, and . thus th~·fcnools, for m~treinafi'€s a11d' n'loraJ,,ph~·Tl1e i--evcducs,' . Hftl very of b~canie lofophy, 11whiclj might have been of .fc me ' fervice, 1• d' ct.< ·-1.h • . 1 '..:. 1·t t ' ll!. ' t •l.! J'. • . t ·, a · • '.fl. a·' ii1iel'ts,, ,h,. -~1n,,1 .t ', • ,i.tr9:u-1r~t o to~ \~et;~ ,e f aune 1~ .a~commo a m.g ·, !101~ w~10 came opt 1 1 of fc1enc~. After the prefent rcvolutiorn;·rthe v1fitors havmg no ,p'ower toi cha,nge thofe. , circumftances in the conftitution·of the -college which were 1fix:el by ,the char'tcr, and: ,b~)t~e e ~·rcha:n~ ~:t ?eing thyref~~e;.i:or1fi11~~-in the ~~mH.er 'bf\}1;ofeifor~1ips,, hiitl~l'~~ cludetl the<two icnbols :for d1vn ~t_y?: an,Hh ,t Wt- 1 3eft:s 9£ithe _pro:fe:ffori111ps. 'Pherex 1 1 h'e irt;~¥idr th6 Grb~k and Lati lang'uages, a11 d Jubftitu tcd 'otliers ';1 I fo thaftwt,RH!ieritHt 1 p' · ilLJfop'hy , , 1 ta1 r.JJ~t'' dleihe ·_ m id l y' ~Hato'n1: J ;-' tl~{;~L",( prnfdl~ r:!hip for law "a11tl police an ell nati0:t1.~1 tl e'1iiie-,itts . ;? mtH·· hy ; ti1e ,la\v' of nature philofop latics ;f. moral and ;uatf1eh i r '1 , •. , -,. ,, J., , ,·1 ,...., ,1 , • 1H c,_.,, -' ,, f ,r •, . B , h . I ) ., ' , , -1 • • ' · . rauerton e d ern 1ann-uaP-es · • or t 1 ffo~iliiffs1 'la, w~n f<W ·thb } bfi'profe nunibci. ~s ha Ji 'been ia:~fn i o incrnafe the .+v.Ieail~ 1 1!:ts oP acfding1 1otHers' f9\ '0Ufe1-' ·brnnches/ 'd, pnrp9fo drfuo'cli;vicli!\g tli'ofe lrd dy ~pftitiite itof' fcienf l 1'. 0 the ptofeifo 'iliir.'s ufuaify' e'f'H1lSlrfhed jff th~ ·uhith~fiH~s'(btBt1 fofit,· . on.i lii\lth,. t1 i t>HH Jratufc!> cPH a ! figuf:tg;e? W • 6d 6 t'file:a' fr adl:1 ob Jo Yeti{\ i fop~t' t'o' \'c}ot.1a r1'eL ·•' '1, n~~ n, , , .ij ""-1.lt•' 1u u. . '.l l wxh} J. !0 _;.1,-,,u m r . I l')ll 'an1i,uagc . "th ._N •l•' ' '.1. 11:u,ory~ lllUJP.f!t' ·T lie' . r,~f a1;1u ::r, cu1.n,_ :vs, a: :,o-wn ac~ount o t1 ~eti: connec-t1011 1 ·ou 1 1 p11rpotc?s !:Jf lhd Braffeiton: )nihtt !• drfl\ Btlltl! b/5Jit)tjtf('[ff'a:n~!:-!retl' Uy ,iHain t, ini'rif;l, '- ~etthem. Indian tribes, the object of w ich, bcfi<les infhuAct:ing netual miffion. am011g- the •:•b-~l', J ;; k J"' ' f l ,Jf'a'.l') J t jr t r0 ., -.,d tfflf C1• '/'1 ' fl{ fi.,;lW'Bg•p lf; ~kllt'.ttVi , . '"' 1(1 l {ci'.j';,l • F I.,,·' JNfH !-1 q{l a, iJ'!(,fJ ,m t 1e prmc1p e_s lJ • 11n_,,t 1!aw~Y,+ .s.;( 1e, ,t!l1 _e£d;<JJ. W5:t tt-/? 1 whit:n f, m.ight · lead , (o a. diti,m~; laws,, cuftoms, languages, and other circumftances difcover~ ,, !~ne ! a 1 1 :._i' (.). • • 1 f mri, �. ) \~0 5 -1l9 . e;y 0~ their fehiiiort to;cne <anotlfer,1 f~r defcf nt frdfu:othe -n;tioh~. t When tli , <lffcoV , o~Je~t aie ;aJc,on:lp1ifued with',',on e!trioe: fhemiffi.dn'ar · ¼,ight pafs on:fo another. : w=.im , • 'The'\ olle -e)edifice i1 a l~11g~, inHhapen pile; " "vh'irh but that if has a root 1 Vl.llU ' 1 ~· JJ • 1 ·• 10 ·1 " b h • ' 8 , ,,-_ ' k •' 1 r-.• J. ' 'k b/:; ta.~err r~J- ~ J~.!~ -~! 1}· - ~m p 7, t e~e- ~ Otlt t n~' LY young 5 e~t emen memlSers of • in·f>rinc Jhis colle~e;-,.a:·, la:rge proportion•of which' w~re' law' flqdents. The academy -.fd~v_a rci' '~ou;1tyh~ heqn _e,r~ote:d ~~ota c'~Ueg~ b~r th~ ~ame of Hampfle~ 'Sy~n~y cof~ • ·J \ iha:s ,been a: flourdhmg fenunary, but !s 1ww fa~d to be on the decline. .i I~ge. and academies in Virginia; one'at Alexandria,, one at Norfolk: -are -"feveral , TheFe , l • ,, h} ,, l _ , ,: '-J,, _ ,:, . : ' 1 c. ,- • ,, , ot~1,ers mot er paces. 1 :revifea ~y . een b '' - .: _ Si.nee the -~eclaratiqn of·indepent:lence the law's qf Virgipia)'have . c?mmj:~tee rapp~fn;~cl. for the p;1rp;of~, _w h?~hayt\ ~epqrte~ thcir work1 ~? ·th~ .A«e01:b~1ly , p t~~ O~Je~t of th1 ~ re~1~al ,\'.'.-as to d1ffufe kn~w~edge more g-eperaUy thro~gn tl_1_e,mfs , , the people. •The bill for this purpofe •"· propofes tb lil,y ,dff -.eveqr county l-nto:(i , difftiab of-ftvc ·or fix m~l_es fqua~e? ~alled' hu~Jrefls~ an? in ea'cn,of the~f to .efta]?li~ ~ : fch0ol for , teachmg _reaam,g,__w1:itmg,_ and anthmetw: !~e tutor ·,to; t)e ·fuppo~tel:l by • -the hunHred, and all perfons m 1t entitled to fend ,,their · ch1Ldrep three·yeai:s:gratis;• ari(\ ·~~ 1?m~~h lon~e: as' they pleafe, paying f?r i~. - Th~fe, fph9ols'to ·li~.·•U.r;t<;l~r;~·v\ fitqr, w~q •1s ann~aHy to chute the boy of beft gemus m the. fchool, •QfJhofe·whQ,fe:parents ·ar~ too l?·o r t~ ~}ve .th_enf' further 1ed~cation; and t,o_ fend ' hi~ :f9~wa,rd' to ~n~/Qf the gr~m1Jlat1 : :fchoo1s; ?'f wh;1ch twenty are propofed to oe-efe~ed ~..1~ •.d1ffereqt :-pa:r:ts .of _the c~untry, , for tea~hmg Gr~yk, Latin, Geography, and the. higher; bmnches cif nuwen\:al,ant hme -. tic'.- . Q ( the boy~ thus _ferit in any ~ne year, trial ,iaJo ·b e \rnii,de.a~ ithe gfa~~n,~r fchooli .~ot~e ,?r two ,rears;._a~ 'the heft :g~_nrµs of the.--,w 1:io1e. ,ft;;lecl:e~,/ and _co\l:tm\1~d-fix yea11'.J and the refidue d1fmdfed ; by this means ·twenty ,,ef thv \left ,genmffe? w;U· be rakc,cr ·-~-~om' tlie rubbi;h ·a nnually, and ' inftrucl:e~;'; at th~ pulill¢ ,e~pel}~e,1/ o_-far ' as_ the, ~rami _~!1r fchools go. • -At- the .end of, fix ,yea_r~ ,m~ruchon, on~ · half a~e to ~e d1fcontmq • '(-fronfamong whom ,the grammar tchoo}s will probably 'be fupplrnd w1th -futu,re n1 ,, ·. ters), 'and the other hal'f, who ,a'.reao ,be chofe.n:for the fuperiority of their parts and dlt ' P?fit,ion,; are to be/~nt· ~nd continued three Jqars.it?, the ·;0:ud_y o~ fuch fciepc~s a~ ·tl151\, aQd .Mary lcollege, the'. plan of} which 1s propofed to be eQ; llialI chufe, at, W illiai:n 1 l~rge\i1 Lcl;S will be hereafter ,e:xplai11ed, ,and ,extended .to c1,ll thcr ufeft;il fcienses. Th be ,the_·tea_c hing·;t~l the childr~ µ ~~imate·rt'fulL\of;,t he>wh~~e-.f~lien,ie ,of e~ucp.tio_n ofDthe-,State- re4tfrn-:g, wntmg, ana •common anthrriehc; ,turnmg out tew annually of :foperjor -~~~:ius, ·- :v~l;l,,!aught:i~ qreek, La~in, ~eogr~P?Y, a1:d t~e higher branches o( :?-,nthmetic; turnmg ,.Qu~ -tc:m ,ptliers, ,annually, of frill fupenor parts, who, to- tho(~ bt_a nd_ies of learning, 11h.a"U1ha:ve added fuch of the fciences as their genius :ih-aU ,have led,\t9enj t<?../ ·; t~e •fi1rn'ifliihg •to·-the.wealthier part of the people 'con:venienf fchools, at h·,niai b'~ etl17tated, 1at' t]ieir, ~Wil expcnfe. The g~.r\eraJ ?hjec\s of •\VNC~'t thefr .,4µ/~rd_ ~ ,t~t~;l~;~_ ~re, ~to 12royide_}1;11 _ed4cat1?~ _ad~pte~ to _th-e_years,/ t~ th~ capa,c1~y, and rt1e cdrtd1f10i1·,. of~verr, .one,;_,and dir_ecled·to thefr freedo;n and happmefs . . Specific details wet<?. :ho '. pt,~per fbr, t!1e la:,'v : 'thefe mt1ft be "the hu;firihs of the viii tors <';ntrufted with its ½Jl.:etfie' fchools o'f the hl'mdreds; wh'erein oll.r ~ 'T ~' firft ' ftage •of this educatio-rl: bei'n.•g r1-(·t J-~t (J+\ m· ;,·). h • . ' 1 f' I d t· ). ll :' ;,, C f •tt li l ,, 1·1 \' ··1111 ' .,, ''t h e1~ •r\' _} nffru_ct10n,~t , e_pn:nc1p_a _, <:UQ . a p~::! q,. • , t_.t .~:!~t ;mai: .o i ti,1-e J~C,9. e_ ·1 "-_reCC\V 1 mto fir.ft' elem~n of morality may ~be rnft1lled -f_iut ·n\ order1 w1U· B la1d 'l1 . re:· •T hel~\f', ; h (· . •, ft -"q4· i , • . •' ; - , ' l'Ti-}\ \/ & ''1" }J·, 11. f{ . i, · ?, 1 u.J '.r. ' hfl"' L} :f 1ffiln.CJ ;· _1j5,. a:J K\Y·ff ~/ ~rt 1C' -~f~r O'P~,.;.·a;, their j:1!:lgem'e~ts· qd,V~~-S f l~ ;re-ngt ; ,· <t 11': :he111. ',,;•~ t9 J_)l'O ' ?~e p1eir ~o I ? grd~~c~ l~a:PP.!n,e fs,t'br ih -•wu'. g thcm 't!1~l it m, ft~ ?~t{9p1 Hie,: pn~1t_1op~of1 ,~{f ,n ;"1: 1cl/ ~~an~~-.ha~ p!arcg_tri'er~~ ·!mt 1s , al!.: ,~~t~ does \! ' y,s ~e refili pt i! goocl cbnfbcnce, fg-ood ~eh.Ith, •~de 11 a:t1on ; am1' freedom 111 all J'.t~ ·a-cl0p.'tion of 'the State; their paren t's-:. or'the P,urf'uits. Tliofo w hom eithe.r the ~ e:i.lth ·of ihall ' • - , . ,, ' • . ,. ' \ .· • 1 t -. • - - , , 1 w~!¥.a 1 r.~r~ -- < . �,, I• 497 / VI _R G-·l'·N I K • tti~lf 9&ftirie to ~Jgli'eritegrees o(l~a;!}~vg~ will~go 0ll,t P tpegtf1~n;la,~f~hpols';,,~hici, con-- • f1:itute the next, itage, .ihere to.be inftructed in 'the- languages. . As foon al) they an~of a fuffi cien t- age~ ?it' ,is fo:ppt>fod.they :\yill be /ent on tram the grammrr fc]10ols to the ·l;llli:- • verfity, . wh.i.c_h co,nfbithtes the 'tltird and )aft ftage; there 'to ftudy thofe 'friences whic~ m:iy 'be adap~1td toAheir viC}Y,S. H By, t!ia\ p~~t: of tn/ plan :which p\·efcrib~s the fo]~c'ti,on' of the y01,1ths pf genius frorn among the.d.tffes ot the·poor, the State .will avail. itielf~of thofe talents· ,v.hich 11a:t;ure ha Jown 1ps liberally, an1ohg the poor ~s the rich, buf which pcri:Ch witho.u t -,i.1fe, . if not ,fought for_and' c4ltivat'ed~- ·But ofallthe 'viev,s of this law' :nop_e i~m0re1 importa,nt,. npne ~ore l;e;gitimatc/ '~han tha~ of ren~eting ~pe people,.,t~-~fi(~, as ,they are th 4 tilt1mate, guardt,lns of their own liberty: for · this .purpofe, the reading in, t_he' ·ft.,~~~' whe1;e .t!~eywj fl .i;~<;ei;ve their wI~?l~ e,ducation, is proppreJ., ~s· !ias been faid, .to be duefly hiftoncal. · H1ftory, by appnfing them of the paft, will • enabl~" th~m t? jµdg~-?( tqe \tit_urt; it ~ill \va~l tl1~m·~of the_ efp~1;ienc~ of ot~~! , timys . and other nahcms ; it w11l qualify th~m as·.Judges of t~e achons and defigns of men ; : it will enable ll1erµ,to, know· cimbition undert every , difguife it may 'aifume.; and know-· . jng it, to defr:it its views. In every gove'rnment on earth is fome·fFace 6f ht,iman ,v~ak"- . nefs, forne· germ of ~orruption and degeneracy, ·which .cunning .will ,cl.ifcovrr; and : Wlckedi:ie(s, ~nfenfibly , ope_p, , ,cultivate, and .iri:pTove. .• Eve~y governme1jl_deg{perates . •, thei:efore .are.its . , when trufted to the ;rulers of the p~ople alone: the pcople.,themfelves 1 be imptov~l't o \ inufr. i:nirid~ their themfafo, render'ev,en to a~d s; o~ly fafe depnfitpri~ ecer..: eifynti~ll{n <;: 0 it though nec.dfaq, is tl}at notall is indeed ·this a certain ?egree: 1 every • .I£ ·, peoply; the all ng o .a~1. ihared be. muft t governm~!,l oy.er [firy. :J;'lie ipfh~ence 1 the authority, ultir:µate the Qf ;fes ! : participi ma.fs, r i the. cotnpofe~. which· fodividual; 1 private any. exdeed will mafs whoie the c~mupting the becaufe fafe; be ~vflf ·g ove,rnment peoM~.: . :~fO'-'_rces ~of ,weilth ;~:an'~ public qnes cannotpe ~roviqed but by ~evies 09 the • •of::G%~f t gpvernmen T~e . pnce.-l o\fn his pay ·to ,rn _th~s caf~ every :man would ~a':'e 1 . memoers for vote to nght a has mten man ohe 1:lut becatue corrupted, been has Bntam .of parliament. ' The felfers of the g'ofernment th~refore get ;nine~tenths of their price .· . ' " · • . , ' • ' . _. • . • , . , c;}ear. 1 -,, , ·Tl1~ exce1lent .meafur.es f9r the difft1fion of t1.fo1u1 k;nowle~ge; W~ftl:i th.e foremei1-- .. tioped bill ,proppfos, have. not yet been can'ied into effe6L An,d it will Re happy iJ - ~~ . grea_t,inequ~lity"in \he cjrcumfta~~es of the' citsiz,ens ; , th<:! pride; ~!1e in~ei?w{g n,c~, ·f·: -~ . the mdolence of'one clafs; 1and .. the poverty and depreffion of tlie. oth~r, ao,not prove ·. ·1nfup~r~ble.difficu~t~es in~he_-)Val of t~eir w1iv,erfai. opeJa!i.on,- . •.. _- . : .:. ~; .;l;' ! .t . .. }\!LIGJO,N .] ~he 1 rft fctt~ers m !his. coun1t~y>:7ere e11;11graip.t_q . fr~o~, ~n~l~}1d? pf_'fqe • Engh~ ~hurt~, JUft at a puL)::t of time when .lt :wa~ fl ufhed wtth cqmpl~ty '?H?l.Y)i?r.F . the religious .P~ .Al\ qthei;,pp -f~~fipns.:. P1oifeif~d, s they JjeH'l-Z:Ue,,. $?f. J l: ~:;P?c ~ ~ ~f rna1o~g, ~W\1rn1~en~g, al!ld_ fXecutmg the. laws,,. t\1iey.,fhp~eq e,q ua~,1.IJ~~ler?j_~} .9 Vt:\:' fi }~ country;1w1th their Prefuyte;I.i an brethren; who- had .ym1grated to the nirthe .n g~ye n~ ·rn~~~t: 'Th~ ~ua~ers,.w en: flyin{~om 1;er(~Futip~ in ~~g~an~,: ~\li~y,~a~} Ueir,~;Y~.s:~ii;t~eT~ ·ne)V G:<?UllfTie~, clp afylump of civil ,-and;1·eh~i..0,us freedo~; but they fo:Und,tli.enz_fre~,onlx · 'for tg~ reigpi,9i_g.fe'i.fr:;~e";<?P~\µa,t;t,s of tµe }'Jr4f:q~~ ?-.~enip~y;pf :~6 ~~.,j 166/i i a q _.16'6~~ .~~,a : ·madf, it pena\ 1rn thyi~ l?j1~£nts t o refiu,fe ,t:p-h~J f tnt}r,ch1JFJ.r ~ '?f:'~}r.~e~; .l)~~ J>:'R~1bite~ •. P~:;t t·? ~~eiLh' ~~s uµJ,4\fi(Ul ~~e~9~ill~ j19,L~ua~er~-h ill;l~ , ll}~P.f '1\ 9i~ena; ,.~ Ja 1l lm~1\ b\lC!\·r s;.0?, I~{ •?an1 1fff, J , f~8-iir1 ~ ,orcl9r 8-" tµBfe br~ng ,a5! ~µ a\e,f; /W~ tn,e, :§t1i~ ; I • gyiJle(l;~ 1½:J,qR , c9, ,·10th'=(, i l~·i \fljJpy~i.Tho ~ ep/zjy the5e4£ter; ,_ t9,.phs , m~p. f9pe. 11 • ~· '.)s ij~ ~ tljJrfN 1 !:ft 8t.<l1 n~tg.f ~}ri.fi:,.ft -~E»dfe) R1lP 1!1ilder_pur.iifh19:qn~: fqr_, h~ ~;. 1 . w,g/Mrfl I e1 ,~.P. e? '-' 1 ;}1 .RI ~ar Pf;t lP, ~ g a;1 perfor.s fmry:ifuffe rin~ ,tlJyJf rIAset~~, 1 1 ' : .pUj u 1 i ~ e l}ih S B i ell,~fJr~ Pflr/lJAe~!J . •div1dual~y, t OF c};lf;p9~ng.rR£.~oQ~p ).Y~, cpJ~pp, QO, •: ' 3:.. I• I. • I 1 1 n 1 r. e:~q. ,Ru # ~ r bi~ 11P~ �4 98 , V I };\.I. Q'.I N I ~'. thok p~ace hcre,as :lid i1~N~w E11glanc\i ,:vas'not_owii:g tq th~ n.ioderation o~the _chuidt~ : ~r ipmt o.f t~ie ~c:~1flatt.1J;,e? ,a~ may be1 inf?rre~ fro,~ _t!H.)q:w 1t1cl~; but,t:? h1fto~1c.a,l • , c;umftances wh1c,i have not 'oeet} hapded down to us. . The Ep1fcopahans retamed. potleffion of t!:ie~ qo~mtry about. a cc~1,turY,: Pther opinions began to creep in ;, a~id ~ great care of l J1e f}O_:e'.·nmen:t to,fuppo~~ -the1~ o, ·1~,church, having begotten a;n ~~ _ . degree of indol~nce 1h its c1 e_rgy, two-_th1rd.s of the, peo1~le _h a1 beco~e _dfifenters at the 9ommem:eme nt of_ tp~_prefent ,rev,olutioq. . .11:e la11:s, 111?eed, ';ere .foll op,prduve.·.Qll them, but the fpint:pf the one, party hadJubfgled }nto·m()derapon, 9-.Q.d .of the o~r had rifen to a degree of deieqni oation v,,hich commandrd. i'efpecl:. • • The_prdent ~enon:i~qatio;11s p( ,Chri~iaris in _Y,irgi:f1ici: are ~re1?yteria,~1s, ,vho · are -~ moft nume_m us, . a)1d mhab1t the '\yeftern parts of.thditate; Ep1[~ppahans, who are the ~n?ft anci~nt iettl~rs,_andocc,u·py t~e e~f,tern _a_n1 l1(1JJett1ecLparts:r £ ~he State. Iniq¥11J)gled with thcie ai:c great nuq1bers o{ Bap~1_£1:s ~nrt, ~1eth?d1fts: .. . . • • . C1-IARACTEn, 1"1ANNERS, A'.'lD 9 usT0Ms.J. V:U'g11?,1a pndes 1tfelf m bemg "Th~ Ancient D'aminipn." It has produced fom~ of the moft diftinguiilied -and influential ne1i that have been ac'live in e:tfechng the \io late g1:an.d a.1.1d important revolutions Diti America. Her political ·a nd military c~araB:er will rank ;:i.mong the fi.rit in the page ~ hiffory.:~ but it is fo he obferved, that this_ctaracl:e~- ha_s b'ee~ obtain~d (~r the ~rirg~n.fa~ µy. cJ. few eminent men-, ~h? I1ave taken:the lead 1µ atl the1r publ~c ttanfathons, ~d }Vho, in ihort, gqvern Virgmia :; for the great bo~y of the peopl~.d() not concern th(!ID; , felves witb. pbLitics ; fo ~hat their govem1nentJ th~~1gh nominally republican, is, in 4~ , oligarch.al or ariftocratical. . The Vu:gin.ians; ·}vho ar.e, rich, are in general fenfible, pol~te, and hofpitablc, •anti of an ind~pendent fpi~·it. The poo!· are ig1wrant and abject, a!1d_all _arc of an inqqiii• ti\1e turn. • A .cqnfiderable proport ,on of the pe9ple ar,e muth addicted.. to gamllll, .dri~ki.ng, fw:bciring,_ ho1j e.:ra~ing, cock-~ghting, and moft ~ind~ o! ~iffipatio1:: T~rc ~s a.,muc,h :greater d1fpantr ,.het~vee!1 the _nch a11d the po.or, m V~rgrn1a, Jhan m_a~.#" the northern_.States. · 'l'he· native mhab1tants are too ge:nerally unacquainted , with ,~ fine(s, owing to theit pride, and falfe 'notiops of greatnefs. Before the revolution thcj :confi.dered it 'bepeath a gentJeman to attend to mercantile matters, and ~vi;,te~,~ time ptiQ.cip~Hy to a~ufemei:it. By thefe means the Scotch people and otht;:r fureign~ who came a,mong them; became their merchants, and fi..iddenly gre, :i:ith. The 1 ,fhience .o f iii v.ery ,here ' is equally pernicious to ths: morals of)he dtizi;n;s 1as -iµ. t other foutherri States. · . • .. ~ . , CoNs'.trTtrTLON, ;CouRT~, AND LAws.J ':fhe · 9xecutive P?wets ar~ -lodged in th~ • hands.,of ?.,governor, d wfon anpually,• and incapable qf achng more 'than- three y~ •hi '{e\7,e.Q.., Ht is ;affiftcd by a council of eight members. The judiciary.powers arc ·, ,,cliy~d,¢1 among fever<;Ll co~rrts~ as ,'v.ill ·be hereafte1i explained. • Legiil~tion is ex~rGifed J:iy'1~:0J10ufes of_Aifep.~bly, the one called the Houfe ~f. Delegates,. compofql of." :I.} ,• ,-,men:~ers from ,ei~b co~mty,. chofen annually by the, ?1tizens,. pofle~ng an_ e&.i ji,{9I . Jife ~ '100 acres ot unmhab1tr,cl land, qr tvy-e~1ty-fiv.e acres with a houie on 1t, or . _ho:nfe o.r lo~ in., forµ e, !~w~; the other call ed the Se11ate, confi~ing •of twepty~ - members. dwfer.i qua9renmally by the fame electors, who for this pu,rpofe_~re.aillif ' b11ted i11to .twenty-four -_diftricts. The CODCUl'i"ence; of b.oth houfes \S n..eceffary to the -J iaffin,g of ,~ ,aw.~ . They hav.e~ appointment of the goveruor a:1d co~1qc,il, the Jqdg~s ·p,f .the fopenor ,courts, auditors, attprney-general, treafm:.er, rf g1fter q£ th~land .vffice,. ,~ . • . _ _, TJ1i.s conftliujion was th~, fipft that was fon1.1ed in t1J.e whole ·u nited States .. 1__ ~s t?~ , -, ' 1 ·' • There- �'· V.1 R..G VN-1 A. · ~ ' .. . ,. '499' ' 1 ' . tfhere' ~re three fu_p~riof• rourts; ' to;which' a1i>peals Jje from the 'courts pelow, fo ·wit, {ne'high -court of _c}1anGery, tne genei·al C(?ttrt, and court of admiralty. , The firft and fecond of thefe receive' appeals from, the cciunty ' courts; and alfo have origirial j'urifdicliop where the fobject of contr'9vei·fy js of the value . _o f tep .·pounds fterling, or \.Vhere 1t concerns . the-title ,or bounds,yf lqnd . . · The, jurifdi&hori of the admirc.1-lty is ~ 01).glhal altogether. :fhe high court of chaace-ry is corri.pofed of thrte judges, the general comt· of five, and the ·court of admi:raHry of three: ' '".q1e two firfrholcJ their foffions .a_t Richmond at ftated tim~s, the chancery twice_in the year, and the general court twice for bufi nefs civil. and criminal, and twice more for ci·imi~al only. The court of admiralty fits"at Wi}liamibtirgh whenever a contr-everfy ariies. . , 1 1 ·'I'here is one fup1'en;ie court? calle9- f~re CouH of Appeals, compofed of' 'the 'judges of the thr_ee luperior courts, ~ffembling t{vice· a year at. ftated times at Richmond ..' _. This court receives appeals in all dviLcafcs from•each of the 'fuperior"courts, . and determineB ·them :finally. But it has ,no original jurifdicHon. . • ' ' . • Ail public ~ccounts are fettled with a board of aud!tors, •confifting of Jhree members appoiDted by the General A:~re.mbly, _<;1-py •two of -w:liom· may act. Bl1t an ,indi'vitlual, difi:1.tisfied with the determination of that board, may_'carry his cafe into the '. f.,._', J:: , • . . • •' ' ·, , ' proper fµperior court. . _I~ 1_661,1 the "laws of ~~ ngla:1d ~vere ~xprcfsl~ ~d~ftec} by an act ?f the ~ffeml?ly,. ofV1rgm1a; excep~ fo far as a ,., chfferencc of cond~hon render them mapphcable. ;LO, thefe were, added ·a .number of a~s of Afftm1bly pafled during the ·:monarchy, :.a11cl ordinances of convention, and a<Sts-of Affembly iinc:e the eft~b1i.ihent of the rcpt~blic. The following variations from~th~ Bri~ifu mo_del are .worthy of notice-: _ .. , :pe;btors unable to ·pay th<;it debt~, .'and . _making faithful delivery of their whole,: effe8:s, are releafed fro m their'confinement; and their perfons f(}r ever "difcharged front _reftraint for foch previous debts .~·bu! any property they may 'afte1wards -acquire will be faQjG~· to their creditors. The po01:, tma.We to ·fupport tbemfelvd , arema:int~ined by ari La:ftG,trment . on the titheabl~ perfons in thei1' parifh. A foreigner ·of any nation,- .not in open. war, becomes natµralized ·by, re.moving to the Stak to refid~, and taking ...:-n, oath-of ·fiddity; "and -thereby acquires ,every .right of- a. native citizen. Slaves· pafs by de¢~nt. an4 .c1ower as landsclo: . Slayes, as well_. as lands,. were entai1able durit1g the monarchy--: but,. by a!} at1 pf tfie 'firft ': republicari Affembly, all- done<:;s ih. tail; prcfent and' future, ·\v€re veftM with the abfofote. dominion of the entailed fu'.bje6,L - Gaming d~l>Js a;ry m2-de voi~, ;and.mo-nies aotually· p~id·to difcharge futh, debts<(:if. they ex'c.eed fqrty, :(hil{ings) qi~y ~ 'recov~tecl,- by. t110· paye1i within, threo,_mo~ths, .ol' by,any'>qthe:r •l?crfon afferwar<:ts, : , To?acco,_fl~t~r, heef, pork, ..tar, pitch, and tti.rpentine, nmft _b e in.., . -' ~pe~~ by,:perfon~ ~l,ll;)lrcly -.~ppomted before the,y ,can he·expo:r.ted. : ,. ,. ,, ·:,:,, -~., r , ,In' 1785, j the' Affembly enacleq, , that no man ihould-be compelled' to .fuppcn\t any. rcJigio:,t1s ·wiQtfl:#p,;pl~e, or minifter:whatfoever, nor be enfurced, relt:½ain:e4, mn.lcft.ed~ ot btitdi,m~q iµ , his -body or _goods,. nor ot11erwifo· fuffer on aciourtt ,of , his,.~rdigiou~ opinions or belief; but _th:'lt all iµen fhould be free to. profe~, and by ,ai:g\,\nient to • maintai~, theif,opinion _in matt~rs -of religiou·; and that the fam~ f}iould ,i n .tlet wife • diminifl1, enlarge, :o rqffecUheirdvilcapacitjes. , > .; , c',·:· •, ;•:;· ., .~ , !, .,,,•, , ~ :··,•· : _ . .· ,fo Ocl:oµei: :I-,786, an act , was ,p.ai'fed by fhe ,Affemb}y -pro1,iibiting. .the, imp'.01:ta_tion ' of flaves. i~to .,the Coi::nmopw€c).lth,- upon penahy'of the .fotfeiture/Q-f ~he ,fum ,b(rbo9L fqr- .eve,i:y fl.awe~ ; And eve1:y :frave;imported •c~ntrary: to·the.t:me i11tentand rne,aning:of this a&, he,co~es-·fre:e. . · r .. . . . ·- . •. ,_ , . .-._ · , ,, , • -,: ,.; .. . , t :· · _ . . ~M ANUPA.~TURES 1AND Co~IMERCE.] ~l3efor.e :-t11e war, .the inhahitaiits of thi5:. State· .paid : h~t 1ittle at.tt;~1;tio,1~ to the manufatl:ure . of. ·their owa clothing. : It has -peen ~ • • ' 3S • thought • \ �I ~ . I ., ~ !r - , I , I, . -..... I i I r ·, • V .., ' ·v IR G' r NI A..:~ \ tlionght· they u:leij)o impor~-; as mu0 . as fevl~:fig ~ths _~(their :c10Hi.:lng, ·a~~ 'i11~f fh~y' 1 0 ~ I fl 1 ~ - ( :pr: !f ' "4' / f ~ 1~ , - I I - ; } ,.,) • rt ·ft ' I ' - ' .,. ' • • ,now; . manufa;el:ur1e ,thre;-quar~ers of 1t.,> vV:t.c ~1:\Wr qefq_re pienhqne~ 1t t1a~ con:fidcrlblelqua:qtities 1 of _jr0:JJ, are ~.a.11-~~facturrq,,m ~p~s~ta~e.• J. To- the~e' we fll,c}Y add the, ma.nu-1fac1ure of. lead ;,J>~ijd¼s ,wlnch ,they h,.av,e.few,.o ther~ of confe q_uen<?e. / The' peoplt! ar'c1 much attached to argr,i,r nlture .and,prefo1j,Jo_reign nwnuf~0ures. ;' , 1 ' • ',. £_cfore' ~he'. \\"qJ,~ thif ~t~t~ '. export~d, C,()~m~ti;ibt s titmif, , a,c~pnlip¢~to\l=he'.r})eff' i'{fur. m21tl@n_' tha,tito.µl~ -bi~-~o;bi~<J.l!l~v1, as.,foll~w.: s :: r, 'i ,., ' ' • ' 1 f. t t ,1- • .. ,:,,-:, t • , -t ' 'l ' I' ~ j~ f J. T A B, L E. ' ' ei uantl.,.,, .. .-r ~ ' . .J- ~ • ; -, ! • s"_s ,000 ,hh:ck of 1.00Tb. ~ . • J~oo,o..,o o-' bnfuels , ' ' '• - •600,060 ' /. ' bu:fhcls • • •'·'~ '--' , Ii . 4,.060 barrels - ,,' -- ' . 1· • Siq90 b.P:':fh··es: ' :i:, ) ooo barrels, ' �. • "'l:T 5•0 I • ' YI ciretm1!1:a?1~~: r.ilpi.~Hy.i1unoverifuc -" , The1culti~·ation of ,~heat is th; revei"fe ' i~·1• every-'fi• -1 rl 'f' • ,, ,,.,,. r 'i " b"'· 1 · ·} 11 :,'i.~J!·1· f h-.1!1g' 1t.~J-,e }:d:e,s,r\e;l',ot n~'eflr ,€CC1S l~!eCira1~ ty; r rti e _ .!·)"/ft \ l?r ·~ge·, ~nc preierv1ng ·1ts. _4ou\1r~ plY.1~t_~fl:1!].Y, ,~eqm~·es trpni !l1.e!11.<:ply_a moder~te_to1l1 exc€ptm-tbe _feafon of harveftl ra1fes ,great 1 umbers of amrnals for food ahd ferv1ce, and dtffufes plenty ancl . ·_11kp1J11.\H., ak.I:mg the {vh9le; 'w.is }Rli:e~· tcrfake :al?, hu ndred bufhe1s Qf wfieat _than ?, -~ weight of tobacco, ancl they are worth mbre when made, . ._tho,1..1:firnd 1 1 the'' arl'i-<;:lis eith~r "of- neceility,_.comfort, or luxury, ·. 'h~t J. • It is riot ' eafy t9 ' fay . W eve-ry thinj( h~r<licr than the olive, and as hardy as . as here, raifed which cannot be 1 ai;·. Sugar, . coffee, and tea, indeed, are 11.ot ope1. the in nu.fed , .the fig; may be p1acq:l them arµ.ong the neceffaries of life with... J1aving habit and beJ,~een thefe limits; they muft go. for tl1em to thofe 'coLmtries r~ma<i..1;i., habits thefe th<i:; .wealt,hy, .~s long a~ , i . . • _ ·. , , • , wh\ch ,-.!;,re.?bl~ to furr:_ifh J1em. 1 fir~ fettle-. the of account µifi:orkal brief a given already have .. Hrs'Ilo~ Y.] We a frefp. with arrival His o.1~1 in Delaware Lorq, of arrival the till mci ~ 9£ Y.irginia., company, former the of s fpirit_ dr.oopi11g the reviveq t r 1:.irovifiori' and 'fu,pply o[ !ettlers . -~fd gave, ·fermanency apd refpectabifity to the fet fleme11t: • . _.. • ' , . Porq~ to marned was gentleman; y-oung ,worthy, ~ ' Rplf, Joh!), Mr. A pn . 1613, • Ip _ 1 whicji connection, This chief. fodianfa1uous the Powhatan, of claugliter hotJJµ_s, ,the was ve~·y i:\greable l;>oth to the Engli:lh and ~ndians, was the foun~ation of 'a, frien~ly . - • •. , • -_ · . . an'cl.-ad·fantageous cqmmevce betwefn them. tre::.ted was. Th.e where_ England, vifite<l Pocahontas, wife his with In r§ J.6, Mr. Rolf, wit~..th,at -atterttion_-anµ refpect which fhe haq. merited by her import~nt fervices to the cRl~my j n Virginia. She_,died the y.ear following at Gra.vefend, in tho 2 2d yea~ qf . the Chrjf- ' ~r --,a~e; juft_ ~s fhe w~s ahoF~ to embark. for .America; ~he, ha~l ·embi:aced profeilion. _ her of. fincerity the evidenced , ~yath aq~ lifo her ~n han ,re}ig1011 ; al}cl 1 1 to over caine ~ E!,1gland, in education his received, having . who, fan, little .,a .left . S_h Virginia, where he lived and died in aflluence. and honour, .Ieaving behin,d1 him, tlh 1 bnlf •daughter. Her ,defcendants are a;rnong . the, moft refpecl:ably famjli es m 1 , • • .' • . . .• . , Virginia. • tp 1i'<tr accpmpaniep ,Poca.pontas; .to_ brqther-in-l~w ndian, ,~ .fc;n_fible ., , J TQfi¾Ocomo; i nuU1the of account exact an, him brmg to Powhatan by directed was and • 1fpg1and; ~ers,a11d ftrength of the Engliili. For this purpofe, when he arrived at Plymouth,' he : took a. long -fti_ck., ,i:ptend'ng to ctit r). nqtc~,. in it fpr ~v:cry __.per(oJ.?. h~, £l1~qld f~e. . _Thi~ .he foon found impracticable, and thr~w away his il-ick. ' On his return, bemg a:lli:ed 1 h l ' ' people 'tle~e \ ~~~y wei;e., , h e isl -~ai'd, to l1ave re~I)1·reel; >" '. C ou1:tt e ~'i:eY,•, :>whatan, ¼o\v,; t ,for fuch'1s the , ·ftars m the iky, the leaves on the trees, and tnc fands on .the_foa 'Qtore 1 1• •• •:' ·,_.H,. :· ' . • • ' f • , '. Ij:n{Sl_apd/ :p~opi~)n oft~~ ·num.b~ 1 . , In pnrfuance of the authonttes gtven tq .the: company ,B theu- fe'veral charters -and . more •efpecially ~f ~hat part 5n) he charter 'of' 1609,' which aulhorifc{ thc1p. t6. GftailJlifu ,, a:,.f~1# o~ ,W?Vfrnl\1ent; they; 0J1,the "24th of July, 1621 ,; by'C~~'l-ter..~ndcr the~r ~Q~n10n feal, declare9, 'That from thencefonvard t~ere fhould be two fopreme coune1Jfs,m .. Vi1:gJnj<!, t~e o'n.~ ~<? ?e _<;alled tne Co~ncil' of Stat~, _to be pla_c€:d and d~fpl~ccd by !the trea1ur~r, c;ouncil ip. England, ,a nd company, 'cf.:r-0111, time : to ti,me, whofe office '?'as •t~ be that 0£ .~iliffirig· apd ·advifing the goyerr:i~r ;. the !)~hq~ :±? •be c~Ued ·,tl~e General .Aff<tmb'ly, to be convened by tl}e goven1or onC<?, yearly, ~r, oft~ner:, ~h1ch was.to confift of'th.e ,C0'4llCl~ of ftatc, ·and two burgefi~s.ont 'Of every town, hun~ed, ot r>lantatiop, to be :i:_efpcB:ively chofen by Ihe inhabitants. In this all matter~ were·to oe -deeidod l;>y the grfa ter part ofthe votes prefent ,; re(er:'ing to th~ governor a neg~tivd v:oic.¢ ;:,ail}.d, they ,vere to have p,o\.ver te treat, confu1t, .;,ind _conclude all ~iue1'geht occ'afion~ , CO!l. ' , : cen:i.ii~: . •• .. 3 S ,:z • • • •' • • . 1 '~ 1 are' 1 1 • 1 1 ' �ctrni,ng~th~_r-pulJ1ic. weal, am.I ·to nHilf.e· fawswfo:YJtficHJ~ hoof a:nd-govef1rrne 1 'nt' 'fY1t1i~ cp\9~1y,, ·it;tifati11g· a.ni-f {0Uowing 'th~1l aws a~d p~r~;cy1°.f ~nglan ~ rs' r:carly'~ s :111' - prol'l1de.d _tha t thefe· laws, fhoqld· ha'V'e <no'for· e'~t'tH' !ati:fl.d l ~;n'l .ID·gen'eral quartet .·t'ght lfe'; · c;ourtl or. 1 · t l1e coi:p_pa,h}' in -E:dglaml, 'a1id retu'i:ned U!14er' trl:ie'itr 'c'ornmon feat,· arid deG1ari.Wg that;. ·afttr1Jth~ ··gove1;n..rhen1r of thf colony :fh'Oufd be ,vgll•fHutl'e ~ nd fetti d, no or'ders. of the, G.Qtmf-il in Englan d fl10uJd· bind fhe. .coTon·y ,u1i1efs rr_a ti,fiie'd,'b Y,the faid Genera 1 l .Kiferrtl>J;y.\ '1:he k.~ng and .r ompan y 'quarre:Hetl,' and· b y a mixtur e-of lhw 1 a:-r.:d force'; :the latter· \vere 01.Hi:ed of all their rights, without retribut ion; after;'h aying exj)end ed •t oo,ooo f:-: jn efl:ayli!hing · the _colony, . wit~ot1t ·the iim1.1ld fa id frofu govcrnm1:~nt. Kirig Jaf;Ile fi1fp~nded;- theili .p0 rets/ by proclamation, of J c1ly ,15,'· 16124~: a'nH: Charles ' I. it00k 'tl\e, .'" goyernfoent info his o,vn han ds. , Both fide{h ad tnciT pa::rtifans in the colony ':: but in, t\t.:tb, the ,.people_ the cc:,l~~y in_ge:Jera} thot1@'.l t th.einfe~v~s Tittle 5-°11c~r~ep. d11pute. "'·0J'her e .pemg~• thrce' parties mtcreffod rn thefe ·feveral chartt;n,l r, wpp.t in th~ •behveefr·t,l:1-0· fiJ$ ' and 1cfecond''.it was tho'ugl1 t coula Iiot _affect: the¼foird. _ •H paffcct he ,foized' on ;t1ie 1)0,V-ets o.f theJGOtnpany, ~hey only paffe<l into othet h:ands \.Vfthou king: t. fo-:. " creafe 0r ditnintition, while, the'· rigfirs of the })Caple lremained as they w'ere.S -µuU}ie y •pid not i-einain' fo fong. r:Phe noi·th'e.r11·' parts ·, of th1eir· c;cfontry '.vern~granted awa,.y, t~• the Lords :Balti_11rore arid Fairfax, the Jirll uf''thefe obtaini ng altcf the'llight-s-of' vfepclrate•jurifdilt:iom, U:1'18. 'g :vernm.ent.. ' And -i'n I 6 50' tl'le pafliam cnt, 'confi'.creri1ig it:ililf -~ ftanif.;. . in_g in the , p\a<;~ of~t_he~r ~!epofed' .ki~g, an d· as _paving _focc~em:~d to . all; ~iss withou t a~. well <}-S w1thm the- tealm, began to afiume a: ngl;:rt over the,colo,me§,.;powers,., paffing· . an act for ;j11hibiting th:eir trade· with I foreign nati'oris; This ;fucceffi0n 1 tb the-'exerci(e ·of. t}:ie l~.i.ngly authori ty•,gave •th~· fii·ft colour. fur parliamel'ltary,.,intcrfe;re"nce· with· •colonies, a~d produc e~ that:fa.ta:1 ,precedent which they continu ed· 't o foH ow-afte the had retired; in other re'fi:iecls; ,viithin thejr propei funcfroiis. When tlfis c6fony, r they·, -·there' fore, whi~k ftill maiiitah-ied il:s oppofrtion-to C17amwell · and' the _:par!iam ent,,, was induccd'J in·u: 6 51 to. lay .db'.vn their -a'llms" they prev.i6uily fecuredl 'tl:i-eir ·moil eifentiali ·rights by a folemri corrventfoIT. • :• · • -. • :- .. :.. . ., !hi§_c;:~nv~n!i~I1,' _ent~~·½d _iIJ.!G>~wi~IlJ lp:~.s in t_he,i1: ~~ncls, ,t~ey foppo~e9 h_ad~ ' the anc1e11t limits of their counfr.y ; 1 s free raae ; its exemphon from.taxattq: fecured: o· bµt J>y "t};lei1· ~wn afleni'~1y, arid' 1xclufi.on ,of military·force· from among· them~ :YeJ , of thefe points wa·s this ·corlv<;n•t~ il" violatetL by (\ctbfequ ent kings and1 pa:rliarn jn hery ents, and· ' otl1er -infractions· of their confi• , fio , equally aangt1 0b s, committed. The· General, , Affembly, '':-hich "":as con1p()fcd , of..the coui1tif of fta te and burgeffos; ~tting togef?er • a11d Becilli.1.1g ·by •pTui·~t1ty of ;voi~es_,<w,a~Wpli't "intO' t\vo hoi.1fes, liy which tti(f coumJL •·obt_~ineil'a:'1'eparat~~hegati:ve ,o'rlJtlr'i~ir llaw~s. ' .Aipfaeals tfrom :their fopreiln'<6_ldour, t, wJii&. , haU •beeq-1i± ~d 1br _lii\y in tlreirf~ ,:er{il :Aiifembly,. were a'i'bih'arily 1:ev;0JU!d tol Englari 8, to"ibe,t1mrerhe ard, befm:d thee ~i11g and ,co,1,iiml". .1- J1:i,fteacl of 400, nfilcs 1 on .th'ei.fl,a coaar,. ", they ,vfo-re redaee~; .innthe ,{pate bf ,thiFty 'year,s, fo iabbut~1~o· miles; · i'Fhtr'.'tmtle ~' foreign-BTS'\V<fS' t o.ti 11 _:,rfirppreH~d; land, ,\vli~l-1 'carried ,tx)i G1·eht Brifa-in, wat foijfe ,vith1 oodctl,i "".ith :i:11P?.~ ~i"! 1t)isj~~f?·yae~aii:Zf }~~ v\rv~r.; t~ ~leah )up -tti~ fe~e ·a} fo1h11'n~es of'1i11Jll~, ~~s fca~l ~tkth w ;igh:·A~mei:1c~_n ; an·c!·1l3! t!D. "~ ,ft~i: ·-:,', ~trf~ !the,.m~i'~'efptc :' pa:flirrgibifa9'.Jtifie at.-rel11orr ro:€. t-'liielpr · fcl!t k-1nmi ~5ofh ru'lil 1,fond .. fpe&11i11er:is' ially, 0£ tpem all,. · . • ---_ ag~r.ayited wl,~ip~it;cl•, ?::hd:_cro~~dhcb~: ::hib -a;flin~ll>ttto~ ~' fs iof ttmi~ f.(l)'. ii , ,to._e!irJc~ ~ 1 -· :flxclcll:cl~fign ~½l cQinfi~ert~~l]t).htt➔11·~F~'ts1of r;,t~1b peOF}. :, '.:» . 1~t:?o! r afuy~J!,i ~b-~v.-en tio~al,_.fu· viih,rrt~wdp 1asrhie,mc .m_u j~ es.hl'11Jro, dl:0n1<f .,.J}:<, r tfo~ed 1 JhteP.na:)ty ~ 'tlirb • • :ftent't.tr'ih.. , • · tete~s' facrifi<;ed -to 11~divich1afo in__-Gte~t ~ritain ;·. tlie~r·legiflature& fufpended ; :c4,a_rters b,lfam1U'!3e'l1, ' l)•Pa:f 1~ ) l' 11tes·+aik'~i\ twity1; !ffie·n! ~cl_,fm s1i.fi:bje'cl~aJ!6Tfahfporf~tio fi~'a.CrOfS •• tl~e Atlantic, -~~d to trial bef~re foreign judicatories; their fopplicatioi 1 1s~ 10¥ ' 'ri (fftfs • ' 1,.., nL. ,• • • - ~f' 0 ·asf ·~ i ', ;,_ • •• \, . _ thoug!1t �.~ ,j ! ~~mgnt rfeJ,1<tt1;th 'anfw~r';0themfolves publifhe.c1 "as co,v,ards il:1°' the· co·qncils 0£ theft' ·?'1~t~er f ~Un,tr3/1a~d COUliK&J':: qf J'))urope;v ~l:}1med tuoops lfent among bh.e~ t0 re 1t11f~le~ (cih:.) ip1~10n ·t0 ,t}!efe v10l<mc~s_-; 'ilJnd actu:ai1h:oftil,it:ie&i comrnence¢ :agairnfr,t1'leni:d Nohilter-'· " ' f,l,srt.1~e9,,,p;s, p,r,efentc;,d ,hq,t i-:ir6:tkance· orJuti~on.<litional,Jubmiffion. ud ~ati een ':ti111e,fctro.otild 1 ftb.!: t fo· J ubtliemf~tves ffhey'de'cda;e • ar,l'ns: , 't(l) ~(;t 1p)\ef?.mtio~ . ••}'.l'hcyr eJ0fetbJi.1 the a;ppeal , Ji n9.ept Sta;t~s: tT.~eys'eopfe<;ler;ttedi togethe;r1-1R one'~iea.ldripu blic ~o1tht;is1~fecunn'g i;fry ·'{!·:err- §t,a te :t4e1benefit,of,an.,'tm1Qn .of thei 'w11ole !forne;p'Fhey:,.fo.ughtertjle:f C@n'9}1et~~t - ·~114 ·obt>ap"..eel4n honoura.ole, and glorious ,pe-ace.•1• ,. , ,,j.fr ..-, 1i~" n.G 'lo f,..;fH.ro • • - • .l NU 1·~ ~ l\ • • °'< I !# 'lf 1-\ ' l l; I ; :tISiTJ Ofi;,pa,E~LDEN'DS 'a?1d· ~! .• ' ·( { I '·' f : GovERNOR-& "Q.f YrH'(H'N\IA; • r 1 "'. ;i:,624 ..,* , ~, • '11 /f~ 01~)·. ')rlJ, tJ1 irfijl<lii'f '] L : fr01~fits·, 1iHl.rfott[em'enrfttJ;,~!!Jer:~~ar, . , • .( u o ·- ii ntn; .·h·•~:r • ,o:. JlJ; r; 1 ·:o .::i:f q r,'.(,_iJ _' !j~! . . , 1 _' r ·, r';dt ,'H' :'; ... _f _ , ''-t '. . to .. ,Sept_.. , J1 I 607-_-, L' , :r607"y-, ~ "May; . foqn;i • Wmgfrel&, 1 • ~c ·iEgwarq. M~pa •l to '. rJ,uly;: 1_6'08~ _. ,6q7,.,1J 1 , · · $ept: ,. , : . , • . · , , , ti'...., ',Jol,m Ratcliffe, to, . , f3ep1:. · ~i:60,8, , 1,698, Jul¥,~, , '/Tice-Prefiden-t-, ; , •Scriv.en€r: Mat, , , : ·ti, to S~pt, 1.(,09; ., 115p8,," _ ~ .. Sept , ; : ~1 ); 1, 1 John Smith,"". ,· · 1},fay, ,1610 to. , ·1609. Sep,t~. . ·, t;.. ·_1fl, Gq;pernor~ ercy;; i • f '{..,u~.q~orge-P t Jun~, ,li161,.o , to, . , :6,to. 1 ~fay,, .: :'h :; , . . ·, ~, , ~ a,t~,. G , 1 ! '3 .• .:r-,"· Sir 'l;\;).~~as I?( r~r ' .Ma-}"ch,.161:i, to J ,O,L I 16 ' June, f ' .... ,J;' . Lo.!1·.Dd~wa~e,. M:arcl;i,,J 16q,., to1 , M,ay, ,, 16H .ni Jn.: , ·•it :-> t • ~ ,eo,rge,Pe11cy.,:, • 1 t6n" ,t~ Aug~. ,· 1611, r r,£ ,_ J\'.lay, . t j £ l • Dale,,. s a Thom. • , •.1\ _- 'Sir 1 1 1 t0, , __ ,. ·,· r,'1.614~ 1· s, 161 r, ~ugufe,, -. ., m"i£ , s,, ir i. .,.S~r .ThomastGate 1 • to'., ) ' ' I, '(i;~I.9' A·; ' .614,. 1 • ~''.l' H.i' { . ' n .'r Jj ',)i S1r .T homasiDale,, ;.d.thQ: , • i.1 61 7: rt , toi 16.,, 6 1 • , e?,rdley,, Y , ! .• " George 11 1 rvrf~-., ., 1'6·:i: 9 J . tQ;' :v6i17., , , . ll,, .Samuel;Atga '.~ L, 1 1 .1 162-:r• • •*ov;' to 1Q19,• • :dley,. ,Georg~.Yeai L\r ; l ,624 I •16:u,, tp, ... §ir Fpincis •Wyatj,1· • \,-· -...,.J<' •. , ' 4- + th 1 ·, 1 -- • ,' f. f > . ' J • :?: , t1 • 1 ,. , ) 1~ ,,. _ ,JNJ?I_4,Nr1, fo '. calle~l,. is a. 'frq,ct o{ faml·•l~ng.:on·,~e· Onid. river, ~P ,fne __St_ate of Vii:'..:.-• . , .gm1a, coded,to,W11lulm, Trentand twenty-twoio thers,.by the Six Nations, a.nd tl1e Sha"yanefo, Del:vwan;, and Hurgn tribes, as w;compenfation for the loifes tliey hadJufi.. • • tained' by th:e depr~qafip1J.s oi ~~.,1'?.tten, in-~he y~_a t 1763. •• ,'fhis feffibn--,"~as ·rnadwin a'. ,eongrefs of ,th€· reprefe,E.fati,veiu& the- Six, Nations at Forf Stanwix,.by al]. indentu;·e, ,fi¾gne~ ~. the 3d 0.£1 No:vembs:>,t?~1r,;r68:, :i.v:it{1effii:1g,; '\ Tl~at_for ,an~.'ir~: c~nfideration ! of . 8·.9;g.1.61li IQS;.~f6(j~ YoJk CUftie;IlC!);, ! the f,tlQI'; bemg Jpe am~mnt of,goods.fe1,zttd;qnd: taiken . _ by (<1;~~ Indic1,n~ \frQ~ !Wd:'J;~Jll'\~·, ~a.),~t];tey;,tlid.g{~~t,. ba_rg_ain;1fell,; ~c to liis .Ma)~ity-, , J~1s hefrss- aud[tlC;<i;~Jrq~·s!1,f.or _t1ili\~: oi}lq' _\l~e,.,o[, ~)e ·la,l~j~ilrl:amtfJ;J'~Ilt;' &c; ~lltl1:1:tttl:a& s or p;;i;roel 10£ lar,1.d , ;b~gIPJUflg ,¾ <.t be r(o;uthe:r1,y±11.qe ro.£.. the.r·.L':l>ttle ,Kartha!\v.r::Cr:eefrr~V>l)~e ; •:it ,eropties•ttf~fi.ip.t@~th~ 1:iiv~r ~.h~o-;}, F-4 rnn11i~g;,~h<(nc(tifo,!,½ thr<iitfiAo>fhe ,¥urd-~ill ;: . ~thexit,e:along tfo~ ~~~1.Jr{ill 'IJPQ\ 1ti'tnkesi1thttoR1Y;er MoH@:tigahel1!,;; thencef.,,dmyn;tthe, t~,hf'r•~(•< a:,1 L ,·.~ ,: t,r>,h.; •1·1J,tr· ·_111 :) ,',, ;-,1,,,, 1,,,,;,i.11 •1J,lv.nri,'>f' at:> '.)J _ .,,y.-,•1ti· 0 t 1 . th , rr.noe1 .1,m ,QR't'h!l-1:,g',"t,yer"'ors' Gt;{; "c,. J';a·, th;,.n~ "i.nia,n.o farther iVi, o:!.:' ,; ~ .. ... 'h'as J..1,inl<c~ ciw-ll'rtherhiqo,rv.,of;t , .. , ... --;.. ~!n. •.. ,,i .'-'. *>• Smith, ...,,,r \: "J •~!1,i...7'.n~..V-l' ·1s ;tJP.r-: I': \ J.. '.J,,.. ✓ ~\ /·l :,1. ~1.V · W': ... ~ 1k. :r ,. 1 ,-1,ll '•Jfu , .t,not)een;-)'ceij ,e~i,J. 11nr ·t ri'1£fl c:'..J ', •it'>!LL . ...J/Yl•J J: : '.,•l 'j • ,: ci iHr. t)iii,i;,. eam1 JJ i • •JclW,.)1ij ·1. - �KENT UC K Y. _ _; 504 flrea:1n ,of the faid •ri ve"r, according to ,the ieveral courfes, thereof, - to the fouthem chry En<; 0f the province of Pc11nfylva.nia; ' thence weftwardly along the cohrfe of {aid province boupdary line as fat ,is the frnn~ Diall ~Xtfnd ;· thence by the, fiµne COU: to t~1e River ~ln~, and thei1 down the ~1ver ?!no to th~ place ~o~ bcgi?ning,_ iaclui1vely.' This mclentur~ was figned by .fax Iildian cb1cfs, m prefence of Sir Will" . Johnfon, (?overnor F1:<J.uklin of ~ew Jerfey, arid the Commiffioriers from Vi!ginia_ . , . ··Pennfy-lvama, &c. mc1;kmg twelve m !he whole. either i-t>ni_ territor.y, limited above the to Since the Indians had au un.difputed title prc-oc~'-:pancy or c0nque~, .a~1d_ their rig)1t was e:kprefsly ~ckn?wl~dged hr the ahovo -deed of eeffion to ,the crown, 1t 1s v'ery evident if:rlat JVIr. Trent, m -h1s 'mvh nght, and .attor_n_ey for the traders, has a good, laY-.ful, and fufric~ent title tQ the. land ~nted hJ ·, • . the fa1d deed .o f conveyance. appointed COII!;rnittee a' and 782, r year the in. Congrefs ' Thi matter ,vas iai~ before • - ...,:-•ca com1nittee your whole, t\J:c On ' '· : · follows to eon:fjder it, who, irt May, reported as m.adt\ :were c-ompany In~ian. the and Cro~ha@ of opini.on that t.h~ p~rchaf~s of <;olorH.~l bona fide for a valuable· coui1deration, accordmgto the t hen ufage -and cuftoms of put• •chafing India.a lands from the Inclia:ns, with the knowledge, co'.li(ent, ahd approbation of the Crown of Great Bi;ilaih) the theB 1governrn.ent of New-.:York and Virgini.as and • ·, , . therefore do recommentl that ifbe • • 1 States \ll United the to adjudged or ceded nrially are lands faid the if That I?.efolved, wh01 purchafers faid the of fuch to confinn wjll :C01i.grcfs that . iurifdy5tion, of point fluiretive & their·n:fpc· _ t~iem, 0£ '~t11er e , or Sta:tes, nite.d D lhe, @f .citizens are~ a1:1d fha.11 be and proportions of faid lands; making a reafonable <leductioh for the val:ue of the quit •, • rents referved. by the Crown 0£ England:" he brougM never oould quefiion the cem.mittee, . the· ,of reporf 'this N·otwithftanding , 1 pr-ovifi. made ·ho,wever, has, cnnftitution foq.eral The Congr,efs. before deeifion •to a for the determination -of this biJ.finets' before the fupreni~ fe'd-eral court. · Bubprevi0!\111 to an appeal to this · oourt, the proprietors 'thought .proper, by their ag,en_t,· Colonol Morgan> (:who is alfo a J.fo;>prietor) to prdellt a memorial to the legifl~ture of Virgin futting forth thei1: dairn.s, ind pi·ayin'g bat he D tilinefs might be equital:>_ly. fettl 'l'his memorial was prefent~d ju N.overnber, 1 7.90; an~ thus the Indiana _bufineis r.eAt. I -, , t for the prefent~. NT ' •. • ,· . . , .SITUATION AND E.xtENT. MiJcs. ;,/' . Length , i50} bet ;veen f . ~ •• ..86° -a:o.d .'15° ,li 366 I 30 and . 39° _Breadtli 200 ; • ~. I ) . , _ l l . • 1 , ~ . , ! w. 30 1 . Square Miles. I ! L origitude. so,.ooo ~ - 'Latitude. : J , ~- ' , " l' . BOUNDED- north-weft, by the River Ohio; weft, by • · Cu~bCl"l• B OUNDARtEs.J : • 1 , ...1. • and a 1·111e ea.ft, 1.uy sandy nver, Carolma; by N(?rth foum, nver; drawn due fouth from its .fource, till it Jirik.es the 'n orthern boundary of N,orth I; • • • ; • ;I : Carolina. ' ' 2, - • ' ..,.,/.,. C ,1 . . . . �- - ----..=-- - -A PLA."l!'t~ ,!ftl,e lUl' lDS , ;,, ti,,. I I :: .;;;,:\;:;;;;;~::::;:;,:;,;,::;; + ;' : /r,w1 IJ.inltr.r,,ti.,r IITA- ,1,,n,1,.Iiw,-'nrr,·.1m1.rt1,,. C 1,, ,ut,I ...t.'1'ft :•triuni11,11'{.1,.,. ,1t,11111,{,vil,r/ti1u: I A~ .E .Vl'J,ANATI O~J\f. l:t -Jm1,;w.,· or.fi·,rt.,·. Q;-; f;111',limi1,;•· rmd/.,~-1.:r. ~ - Trm'lf.•·- • e - Dwdltiw,lul{t.rt'./,111,·l-4/tlh. A - h'i~1t111m.,·. i Thr ,k,tk,l£Vu✓ t°ipl','.•-eN/" ./((J111lr; l _ .l'CNII' a-.u·il,,1/lu•1;r.1Jt>I . �KENT UC~K Y. ·- 505 • :Crvl:L Dnrrn19Ns.J- Kentucky was ·originally-divided into . two counties,. Lincoli:i, . nine, which follow: and Jefferfon. • Lt h<¥i iince- been fobdivided ii)tp . , . ~' ' ' No: Jnhab. CoiJntie?• ' Jefferfon, .Fayette, ~ Bourbon, , {• Mercer, Nclfon, M~difon, Lincoln; Woodfonf, . Maf~n, ,. Total , 4,565 Litx IN GTON, 1 7,576 7,837 , 6,94-~ I 1,099 No. Inhab. Chief T owns. LoursvtLLE, ' ' ' Panvjlle, 1 • Bcardftown,, , S,77z 6~·548 9 , 210 .. ·w aihington,, 2,267 ? 3,977 of wh~~ 12,430 'arc flaves. '-, • . 1{ • , I • ..As moft of the(~ CO\+llties are rvery large; it is probable fhat fgbdivifions will co,n. • _ • , • .' tinue to be made; as p0pulation inpreafcs. . . . • R1vERs.J _T he .Riv,er Ohio w.afu0s '. the ' north7wefle}'.n fale of· Kenh1cky, in its l\Vhole extent. 'Its principal branches;, which wat!tr ' this fertile tract of -comntry, are / 'lmrbe1iland rivers:· Thefe again branch fofa1dy~· Lickj:ng, Kentucky, Salt, 'G-re~n;.t aQ:d {:;_ , , in various directio_ns into •rimilets , of (8' :fferel}t.magnitudes, ferfrlizing Jhe country i.q. • ~H -its parts . . At the .bottoms of th&fe ;w;,it'erc.purfes i:he lime,..ftone -r.oek, which is , common to this country, appe3:rs .of a gre~Tiili .c olour; ,and where.at lies expofed to the air;· 5.n its natural :£late,; if l ooks lik.e brown frec,,.ftone. On the banks of tbefe r"iv.ers amlrirulds, this :lfone ihas the appeal'_ance 9f :fine mar.hle,,heipg of the fame te~tiu.e:, . ·11 , l , )_ . J 1 1 and \is (oundjn '.ilie.greatelrfplcnt:y: : . $ar-J.<ly, Liak.in1gJ1,anol K~ntuck,-y .a-ivers irife. neaf each ,other, .: in'. {he ,Cumberland mountains. , Of thefe; Sa;ndf ri"<ler only l?re~ks through -the mountain. , 'l:his :river ' - , , · : •• • ; s:onftltutes a :parl J£>f the .eaftern 0oundary •of :Kei;i t4cky. , l,idking ri'Yer tTUms ' in :?-- north-,v.eft ,direction upwards of 1oiii mil-es, tu1d .i.s .:i.bout 1 " ' , • : . • • ,100 \yai:<!ls 1D.n0~d,at ,its mouth. ,.,. ! . : " Kehtuc;ky-is 'a very crooked river, and after running .a:cm:mfe of more.than 200 miles:,. . . • • _ • • •. em;pties,into tlie Ohio by a mouth 15o·ya1'cls- bi:oad. • .. . :SaH~11yer~rife at :four:tliffer~nt places ·ncir ·each other. The wi.ndings of •tI1is .rive,are curiio\1s . .•. 'Bile four brcil)ches, _after' a .circurtous coua.:fe l.l'OUnd a :{inc tn1lt of land, :uuite; amf ~tei: :i;unniug about fifteen mUes, empty -inta .. the : Ohio, t,v.enty 11nilcs , below ·the f,tll~: . , ilts· gene\aJ cou11c js ,vefovard\ its length about ninety miles;, ,aud ai 1 • ' •• •• L . • - . • jts rnouth,is'..eiglrt:y, ya.i:dsn,vide., ' ;I· , • " • , • Green ,ni.ver purfaes )a;:~vcftorg coui-ie_up:,,vards ·of .15 o miles, arn;Lby a wouth eigi1ty · • ya1:els wide, ·falls inito the, Ohio,; 120 m~les belo-,v tl1e, ;i,apitls. , Cumberland river interlocks with · the ..northern branch of Kentnct.y, and ·1:olli1~g; rouod .the other arms of ,K~ni110ky, among .th · ,mountains in a fout-l1crn comfc, 1oo. miles·-; ·then jn a .,forith.-w.eftc-rn coHrfe foi; above 200 J;rtore ; then in , fouthcrn ax1d foufh-we.ilcQ"l courfe {0n,fbm1t 2 50 'n;;wi:c, fiqds the Oh~o,' 4 13 miles belctw the Jal]s. ' At -NaflwiJle, ;this ti:<iqi:is ;2oor.yards_broad, and at its mouth 300. Theri:ve.r in a-bout • half its co\<1rfe, 1pit:fi~s tthrmigh...the tcrri.tory fobth of the Ohio. - -· 'I;hefe r.i~ers 1fr.i:11~v.igabk' £0:r boats a}moft•to .tb'eir four~cs, ,vithout rapids, fi r the gre~iyil: pa1:t of. tlae\year.· 'Fi:equent rains in the latter end of the autumn ,,produce :floods .in tlie .Oiaio/.a,nd;,it ris.'a,11 .uncominorJ. feafon •when 011c of thofe floods does not • ' • ha2pt:n ... • ...,_.c I ' • �K-'E if'T'U -OK -Y:; ~ 50'6 0 'hcippen 11ef~rc ·Chrifoi1as. ".lf tl;ere· is: mtidi fr.;f}y weather i1; ~ the uppe~ ,pifrts· ·o f fl1e country, its, waters generallx ·remain ' loiv until tliey· begin to t:haw. But if the Titier itr . 1 not frozen over., which is .uot y~r-Yi common, there is alw.iys water fofficient for boats . ,of any :hzc:,..from ~ove1i:i:bcr untir':L\1;/i:y; when tli~ _:waters· generally°.be~in to.fubfide -; , .and by the _middle of June,, in m<;>:fr~feafo1ist they ~e to'~ low ~or ~1??:at_s: above forty tons, ancl thefe i,nuft be -fiat-bottomed. The froft ._feldom c0ntrnues fo long as the midcll.e of. Eebruary, and imme<:1 iately u.p on its breal,{.ing the riyer iq flooded; ' this -:fi0od. may in a .de_gree fobiide, ,.J.")i.1t . foi: no . length of ti me ; _and it,is from' that period until May, thaf' the boats gertetaJly come down the river'. · . The diftanc~ of dc:fcending -is in j_)rop01;tion to the height of the water.; but the average\diftance ,is aBou,t eighty miles in -twenty-four bours, and from fixty to on~ hundred ar.e t:be extremes; ,fa that the mean • time of goi.ng in a flat-,))9tt.omed boat fror_n PitHbu~gll to the ,r apia~, .is between eight ~nd nine days, an~ about twenty days more to New O~).s_~ns J w'hich'· 'w'i11 make a pa.f~ , , , . ., :(age from _P ittiburgh to Jhat plac~ nearly a ,:~1rnnth: ~ June, and quite dif-in \leffen to begin' country, the c1iequer ~Vhich r1v:iilets . ''.Phe little • appeai.- "in ~the n1onths ' of Auguft; _Sepkmber; ,_ and DB:aber. :· The autum nal · rains, , • however, in November rcElenifh them again.~ . The . ~ethod of getting a fupply of ,w ater in .the ;<fry· feafon is by-finking wells,· ,vhidi are eafily dug, ·and afford ex_cellent :water,. The want of water in autumn is ·the: -gxeat ,complaint. • Mills, that may be 1 .fupplied .;,vith water eight months in a year, marbe .erected ,-in a tho\1fand different I~ , • places:,•, Win'd.-mills rand hoa:·:fe-m,ills UUl'f fupjily (ti;le,i'J.t'her£ou'n ,mo1J.i:hs. ' . Tlie ~l,Janks ,of the rivers ,ane ,generally high ·and:·compofed 0Hime-ftone. After heavy 1 • • •. . ,,~ . '.rain:s, :the water in.the ri:ver.s rifes 'from ·1,0 -fo -30 feet. ,.,· "'' ' , • . SJ,>,RINGS. J .The:i;e are live noted {alt fprings. or liclls· in, this. cp.untry-; ·,,iz. .the :h igher ~nd. lO\.ver ·Blue<Springs, io-n,Lick:ing,ri.-ver, from fom~ :ofiwhidh, i:n,is. faid, ifiue ·ftreams of brinifh water-the ·Big Bone lick; ·Drennon's licks; .ahd •Bul-let"s lick, at Saltiburgh. ~he !Jaft ,of -thefe lickil, 1.though-in lo:w.:order, hns lupylied this country ::1.11:d,Cumberland '\ \iifh fiilt, : at .t\Vie1lty .fhiHings ,t he buihd,·N.urginia cur,r.en-cr; •'and.fome J s .exported 1,t a . .the lllinois .countqr. The m~hod of procuring ·water from ,thcfe licks js by finking wetls- from 30 _to· 40 feet deep. The water drawn from ihefe..w.ells ,is. more ftrongly im_pn~gnat~d with falt t~ap _th~ ~ater ~rom_the fea. A fl~ait:r~a:d, 4-0 feehvide, has._b~e12 • . • , • _ • cut from Saltfburgh .to LomfvJlle,, 24 miles.~· • ; , •; _t · , ~ 1, • ; ,_ , '. .. . , This whdle country, . as.far as has F A,CE OF T,HE CouNT,J.lYJ Sou.,, AND :P1to1>tJ-cE;} -y-et ·beeri,difcov<:1,fed, •lies upo. n- :a .•bed .qf 1ime~fton~1- which,in,ge:h~ral is aboutdi;x feet -below .t he ft1rface., ,except.in the -vaHies, -where the .:foil is much fhi11ner. A .tract of _.abou,.t twenty mil~s, along:,±he ,banks of the Ohio, 1 is.hilly, ·b.roke.n land, in,terfperfed , :with -many:.fertile {pot&. . ,'Th~ rdLof·t}1e cm1ntry Js .agreeal;>ly ,up~ven, gently afcending and defGencfo;ig at no gr.e at diftarn;:es. · •The angles of afcent .are .from eight· to · twenty., four 'degi:ees;. a:ilcff6.meti111es,more. •• /f11e v:a-llies,;tll' ·:GO.DlIUO.R l are very ~arr.ow; :and ~he :foil :i n theni is very thin, and :of an inferior .qtiality ;. and that along the afctnding. .~,gro.t1n.cl"is frequei1tly ,not-much bette.r ; foLwhe:i:e .you ,ke ·;a tree 'blown-. up, . you find ••• the tgotS;dinging 10 the._ uppcr parts :0f ,the rock. "The foil, on thefe agr.eea.ble afcents; .(for tliey GahnGt he i:mlled ,hills) is fofficiently deep., -as ·is e ident from .the fi ze of the . trees. 1T_he foi\ -is·either bl<!,ck, or t inged ;with _,a -lighter,or. de~pei· v.ermiliori, -or is of the • _colour.of dark afi1es .. ·. In many tpfaces-1:here a;re appeararice.s of potter's c a-y:, -.and coa:L in ahµnc1ance_. • The Gountry prornifes ,to be we):i'luppliecl wi.th .~Yfoold"om,e, weU-taited , :water. :l'i.1 Nelfon ,~oun,ty, .noi th-weft of-RoUing fork, -a branch .of ;Salt r1ver~1 is a ·tract , • .-Of about forty mil~s:fquare, moftly ban:en, il)terfperfed with plains and ftri1)s' of goo~ - l;md, w hioh a;:c .adva:ntageou~ fituations for raifing c~ttle, as: .the. neighbo'uribg barrens; 1 ' ' - • • ~ �... Y. ; ·.K"'E 'N 'T 'U CK 507 ~ -tliey _are improp~1:!y ftjrled, '~re c6vered, witfi gr; fs, ·and affo1:d g~od pafturage: ·I '~he _ lands eaft of' N ohn ·Greek, a branch · of Green •rivet;, are , in. general of an ·mfet1or . ·q ~ality; _b ut the banks of Green river. afford 'many defi.rable fituations~ 1 t he waters _of • Toward~ the head waters <?f Kentucky river, )vhich interlock w'i'th _ ' Cumbetrlatid and Sandy rivers, .a nd the wbdle country eaftward and fouthwarg. as far as the Bolftein river, is broken, _mountainous, and a:h:noft impenetrable ; and fyom the ,: defcription giv<':r1 ~y huhters, it is m.1i~h ctoubted whether it will ever be practicable fo. make a 1paffa.ble r'oad froni Ke,ntu'c1ty acrnfs to ,Winoheft-er, in .Virginia; on the eaft fide:1of the mountains, which; -on a ft;aight'li'ne; is not perhaps'- rp.ore than four bundred mil~s, and tpe .:way new traveUe_d•i is fix 1limidred. NO country will admit of being thicker fettled with farmers, ,vho confine theinfelves to ·ag•riculture, than this. , /'- Elk-hern river, ,a branch t>f the-Kentucky;- from the fouH-i-eaft, ,vaters a country fine beyond defcriptiqn. Indeed; the co~ntry , eafr and· f~uth .of. tl1is;' incluc!ihg'the. hea'.d waters of Licking river, Hickman's and,Jeffanii_ne Creeks:, ·and the remarkab1e bend in Ke.ntucky river; inay be called an extenfive ga1:·den: ·•The foil is deep a_nd-blac_k, and . the natural growth, large walnllts, honey a:od black: locufl:, poplar, elm~ oak, luckory, _ ,fugar tree, &c. Grape -;vines- ru·n 'to the tqps of the . trees"; ai1d the fmfa-ce -of the . I ground _is cov:ered ,\-vith clover, -blue -gmfa, -and wild· rye. • On _this fertile tract, and the Licking river, and ~he h~q watel'S of Salt\ river~ ·,are :the bulk· of the fottlements in this . country. The foil •within a -mile ·or twp .'()f Kerituoky r.iver is .-generally of the third .and -four,th i"..ttes-; .aind as.you.advance towards the Opio, the land is poor and· hilly: _ • ,' • . Dick'f! ,rrver .runs through a great.body o:f fir.ft 1.'ate land, abounding with · ~ane, an<i affords many excellent rnill feats. Salt rive1· has good lands an 'i ts ·head waters, ,except, tl1at.they are low ~nd unhealthy:, but for twenty-five-miles before it ,empties into the . . , . -O hio,. the land 0:1 each fide;: is level and poor, and abb.Nmds'_;,·w ith ponds. Cumberland river; fo much pHt as ,paffes .through Kentucky, .tra'.verfes, fome pafts excepfoo; a. hiUy, pe or -eo:untry. • ,. _ • -• , - ~ • . •• t • ,,; ' • ' . • Green river over.flows its banks a cc:mfidei-able way ·tip, :~t the fe;ifon "vheil tbe Ohio :&.veils, which is in· April. ' This fweff iii _Gre~h river occlatioris feveral· of its branches• • to overflow, and'coverthe :low gpounds . with water, leaves ·;arfd vegetable fabftances.,_ which,• in fumx:ner, become noxious and unhealthy. :Its' 'bai~ks ai-e •fine· a;nd fertile: 'There is a:·grseat' body of good land near the falls and rapids .in the Ohio, q1.lled aare , yrafs; but the climate is ren~erecl ;unbealthy ,by ponds -of ftagnan.t ,vater,. ,* hich-m,ity l;,e eafily dra:ined: '" • This country in geµera1 is well timbered. :Oft-he·natmral .g-r"<;nyth wnich 'is . pecul~a~ to this ,tounfry; we may reckdn the,fugar, the coffee, ' the papaw, a9d the cucumb~r ~tree; .T,He -two-laft are foft -.wood, and· bear a fruit of the ihape al)d fiz_e :of a- cu.. cumber.: · Tlie coffee tree>_rcferilbles the ib½ack oak, and bears a po4, which -indofes a feed, .of ,which a ' drink .ji; ·made not 'u nlike coffee. Befides ,thde, th:ere -is tbe hoi1ey; locuft, bl~k mulberxy, \vild chelTy, of a large frze. , -The buck-'-eye, an exeeedlngly foft wo.od, is the horfe chc1fout of Europe.,: The';magnolia bears a heautifol bloff~m, -of a rich and exquifrte fragrane,.e. :'Such -is the v:ariety and beauty, ,@f the_-flowe,n ng , :fhrubs and plants whid1 g.tow {pomtaneouf-ly ¥1 this country, that in d!-C proper fc.afou. the wildernefs appears in ;hloffom; ' , - ' - '•, • ' , • ' - - The· a'ccount_s of the fertility' of the foil i~ this c0untr-y _have,~ -ii1 fon~e irµ.larn~es, ex:: • ceeded belief ; and probably have }:Jeen exaggerated. That iorne -parts of !\rentli~ky, : p.articufa-rly the high grounds, are rei;narkably. goo'd~ all acc01..fr1ts agree. rh~ lanq_s of .the firft .rate .are too ·rich for wheat, _. and' will produce 50 or' 60, ru.1d }n fome _inftance~, '' • :.3 T 1t _ �. KY. ·K.ENTUC "· ., ,, it i_i affirmed, 100 l,)u!helsaf good co~n, ar'I acre. _ In•comtn~11, .the land will produce"" tnirty ,bui)leJs .ot· whea,~ or rye <i;n ~-cr:e. -!3atky, ~~t--s, tottoi1, flax-, hemp, and veget_ables •1of ra-1l .. km~s? comT?-on m _t?;1s dm~ate,., y1ek~ _~bundant1;:·: The ol~ Yirginiae planter.11 fay, that it tli'e ohmate _cl0es 11?t p~ove too n;ro1ft, few_ foils ~n~w:q -..vi~l yield s proved~ that ,the chµiat.e 1s r.iot too-'moift l110re or better toba·cco. Experrer,rce . ha_ _expott~d· to F.ranc,e and Spain,; throuah Nevi l5een have arti~le 0£,ttii~ Great- quaJJ,ti-ties Phiiaddphia iG a profi.table"mafk.ef for the· that fact, well-known a, is itand ; 0:rleaas and e"'pen[es of're-ihipment inconveniencies the all notwit!1ilandin~ plan.tei:, K,entn.~ky ~dvantages. then. m~y not ;¥hat _ g?ve:mmenl. Spani~ a,. ti;nder 1. at _. Ncw. ~r~e;jljns-, unreftramee:T by Spaniih. the-Mrffiffippr, d.f nav1gat10n fret; ~ o:x-pecl·-fo,)1n ry §'1£0tti-1.t 1 ,tp • • 1 , _ • policy ! . • i I_i1 the w'e-fter,n t~rritory· is found. all the-variety of foil and. climate . n~effary to the culture of ewery kind.,of grain, fibrous plants, cotton, fruits,: -vegetables,, and all':form 9£1 p~Qvifrons. The c~pper fettlements on the Ohio pr9d1tice chfo:fly wheat,, pats; barl4y, rye.,. Inman c0rµ or. mai~e, hemp, and flax. Thy fruJts are, apples, pears~ clrenies, . peaches:, pl.ums, fi:raw berries, rafj)berries-,. curfctn!s, gqofeberri:es, and ,grapes";· of culinaryr' ipla¥1ts,a1.1d/ vegetabl~s:;"_, there are !1,1rnips~ potatoes, car~ot~·, p'arfn,p;,, cymbi!iq.e OF fqu-afh, ou<cumb~rs, peas, Beans~ afparagui, cabbages, . brqcoh, celery; and fallads ;. pro~:ilions con:l:i.ff of he:fides which,, there are mefons and herbs of ,every. fort. The" 1 bee£~ por,k,, I}}-Utt:0n" veal, and a: variety o( poultry, foch as ducks, Mufcovy <ilucks; t'urki_es, geefe, dunghill fowls, a,nd pigeons,. ~on1e . confi.'cierable quantitf of fpirits· (l.iftilled fr,om, rye:,· and likewife cyder, are ient down the river io a market;. ·in thofe, infant fott}ements whc;re the.inhabitants have not liad time to bring orchards to any perfection, ·or have not a fupe'rfluity of grain to diilil into fpitits. , The bee£, pork, • a11d flour are·-difpofed of in the fame ,way. The :flax. and hemp- a;re packed on h:orfes ' a.n d fept acrofs th~ mountain to th~ inland towns of Pe;rnfylvania and Maryland. ffalo, pike,. and catfiih, ." of unco,mmon iii~ ? falmb~; , :-:! I'i). _th~ riyers are plep~y. of bu_ in,µ1let,.rock; :perch, garn~., eel, fuckers, fun~:fh, &c. Shad have not b~en caught 'in' ~ , . 1 • \V©ftern waters. i •·Sw~mp:S. ,~~e -rarG in Kentucky~ and of courie: the reptiles ,~lilich th€), produ~e, fuch {\S;fn,a'l~_(S-, .'f1'.p gs, ,&<;; ar~ n,ot n.umerous. The honey:-bee may' be called a dom~ftic infect, a'$:-jt is fa.id nQt 1to~be fqund but in civilifed cour_uries. This js ·'c~pfirmed by fa f ayi'og, ~wh1ch is common among the f1;idians-, when they fee a fwarm of bees in ' the' ~ ootis;..;.,.',' Well, 1brotbers, it ~s ·. time for , us to dpcampl for. the white ' people are comi~~.'-' . Ne.yerth_e\efo be~ss •of lat~. years, have abounded, to their amazement, ,ev'e n. . . i'Oofrtules.,N:: 'ancl N. W -.10Hhe Oh10. • 'Th~-quadrupeds~ except' the. buffalo, ate the fame as in Virginia a11d the Carolinas.' • r1 ·cu~,i\W-Etj ;} Healthy -anc;\ delig1:itful., fome few places·in the neighbou,rhoocl ;of pond::. and.low grpunds elcepted. • The .inpabitants _do not eiXperience th~ ,extremes of 'heat ~nd cold. Snow. feldom • fa:lls deep ,or ' lies, long. The winter," '. ;wbicn begins abo;ut . Gliriftmas:,, d.s n~v¢r ,J<\)nger than three months,. and is connnon}y'b th \yo, and is'fo • ~ ,:, l l.f' . ' , . ·'r ', . miltl tihat,tattle can fuhfift \_Vithqut fodder. ·, ~HrgF ~owNs:} LEXJNGTQN, which ftan5!s on th<; head v{aters of ~lx1?c;irri river, '.is ,. re(,koi:ieq.,t<lie O:aR1jal of; Ken_tµ~ky,: , ,~ ere the courts ~r~ h~lp, and bufinef~,reg~l~rly con.qucled.r _In. 17-86 ~t contain~d about .1.00 11ou(es, and fevera:l ft@res, W1th a good ·a!f9~m~nt of dry goods . . • Ji ha:s greatly "incrc,afed ' fi111ce, a.rid contains a;b~mt 900 in, • _ ,, , hab1ta:nts. i • •i WASHING TON, the fuire town -df Mafo'u county, is the fccond town in this State, contai,ning abollt -~5ob inhabitants. ' 1 LEES~OWN �. ,,. h '" C iI • ,, :·1fE 1NiT~U~C K1t.. . £ ·:t .' . ' • • ' . • ' ;, . i •56!J •. LEES TOWN, .is wefy'Of Le:ii!1gttm; on the eaftci.·n bank of KenlucKy,riv~r .;J it 1i~tregu1 lar}Y, 'laid qµt t and is ffourifh1ng. •The banks of Ke~tU:cky river ~:rercma'.rka_hly higl'-i; i11J om,tf p.;.aq :s -3 ':o and'.400 fo~t, . compofed generally of fru:1;1en?ous ,perpe_n dttular ~·0G~ ; , ·t he eonfe<'J_uence l'S, there· a!.'.e fow croffing phces; the heft 1'S at beei1:ow11, wh1Gh 1s a c'i.rcrtni:lbrnee that uft contribute much to its increafe. - . i , • " . ·, • , :,, i ••~., ') ' • .1s • ~t ;t h., A l· •• • £'. .. · J • • ·r. .• 1, :_. o~• ISY.fLL~ .. ~ ta,p1·as o•f ,t h, e··\'.'~110, m a 1~r,h1~ cou1;11ry., -an d. JJ~om11es l? b·e ··" _a place.. o( •gre~t trade; 1t if:ias been -m ade a port .of ent.ry. lts"unhealtlunefs, owing \to ·ftagnated waters at -the bat k ?f .the town" has· c0n-~derably 1·retarded its . growt~. ' Beiides 'thefe, Jhe~e is Be.ardfto\v~, in ·N elfon -county ; and Harrodibq.rg; in Me~cer _ :,c ourity; ,both on' the head wa-tercs. of SaJt river . Danv:il1~ 'Booniliorough, and Gran,;. •vine, ~re alfo focreafiog tow:1ls. . · . . . . ., ,, r- . ·PoPviAno-J :A.NJ) ·GHARACTER,j 'Pfie populati0n of ±!1is ~fate'.,i:w r790'; is given in .the 'preced:in.'g .tabk. hi i783,'in fl;e 'couri'ty of Lincoln* 0~1ly, there~were on the militia · ~olls 3570 ni.eq., chiefly -~migran~s from ,th~ lowei· parts · .hf Viirgimia. Ill' / 784, •1th© nµrtiber of 1dhal:5itants. ,vere TCCK.fllled at up,yards 0f 30,.000., ' It is,aiferted, that ;ci;t \ ' :J eaft~20·,ooo' migrate0; here in the year q g 7· Thefu .people, eolle&ed lfrom. diffe.Fenf :states, of different manners, cuftoms, 'religions, and political fentim:~nfu, •h~tre not ·be.~n1ong eno~1gl~: t_~geth'er fa form an u nifo_rm national c!'iara&er." • <Ainong tHe,fettJers ther,e are geµtlemen bf a:bilities, ,ansl ~a-ny genteel fall}iiJ..ieB, lfrom fevera.'l o.f"the •Sfa:fes, w.]10 give digiiity and '.•refp~ctability to the fetHement. • They' are; it'l ge11erca4, more ~ 1' '!_.,,--,.,._ •r egular tha:il'~pepple w.lfo generally fettle new ct>untries.~· • , . r., ~ELIGI<;)N.j The"_ Baptifis ar_e the m0ft mu~erpu~ _reli~!O\lf f~et'l: t~ :~ ent~c~r, '"if~ere _-ar~ fev~ral large congreg~t1ons of Preibytenans;· a:Qd J'qme ·few -of -,otb:~r deno'miri.ations. ~ • · ·· •I ' p lf) .fs_,if~W1 i •• , ' CoN-..STITJ -r-l':o~ . By 'the .~o?"ftit~ti?n ,of tlhit'S~a~e~f~r,m.~d ~~hd\ ~dqRtitl~4~. I~79};itl~e yo,~erf of __go:~~nment 'al'.C d1~1de~ mto thr~ drfl:t~c\~~part,~ ~nts•; ·l~g1,1fah~e ~ X:efU~ -t 1:ve, .and Jud1c1ary~ •The 1eg1fiahvf power 1s ve_ft_ed 1~1;t G <:;.?~:a!-~f~ei,nTuy: 1 ,confi'ftmg . of a fenat~ and ,J1oufe o.f reprefentat-Ives 1; tqe•fopreme exeeu~1v:e, ·m a"'goVierrn~t,;, th'e • j udicia,ry., in the fupre.rne court of appeals, anEl foclt inferior co~rts ·as~-th~•legiflature ,may ,eftablifh. ·· The repr~f~I).fatives are cho..fen _a~p.ually hy•t1i~ P,e-01:5le _;•r~tlr~rifen~fors :and govetnor'are ch'.ofen for four _ye~rs, by el~cl:ors· appein~ea for fhall,purp:ofe .• ~1the 'ijudge,s . are appointed., duri ·g good ·behaviottr, , ·by tiH:e governor, w'ith ,advice .J t>.the fenate. An·enumeration of 1the free .male inhabitan ts, above twenty";6~ yt!ats -Qltl~, fa ·t o b,e made 9nce in four ye~s. '.After each enum~r-?,tion,1 the ~nu~b~rt.o_f!.ferta~ors-.,.~nd ',repreferifatives i~ to be fixed ·by ,the legi:O:ature, -a11d 'apportjonet.l aJli1ong .the feveraf '.' counties according to the. number of inhal?itants.i:1tr.h$'e can never be...fe1iver~tha,n 40, .nor mm,:e t)a;n 1.00 i:eprefy_ntatives. - The ·:i~riaJe Iat 4iirft .c;onti'{tetl of •e1ev:en ~mbers'; ' and -for the <1;dditioti of •~very four reprefent1!tives',~. orl.8 'i~n.at0rhJ:Sl 'tb~_-l?e ;_a~d!:"d! .. ~he \ '-r~p!efentatives :r_nuft be•t<-.yenty-four years_,6kl 0;.. _,t~e•for1ators twent3/~fev:e ,f\Uth,§ g~v,ern'?r •th\rty, and ,allff,them muft };lave been mhab1~I1ts ef the. Stat~; t~p,ye~,r p;;he,1g~::· v ernor can held no other office. T,he mcmbtrs ,10f 1the General ~'ffem1My,4tloll:e but -thofe ~.£ attorney at law, juftice of the ' pea ~' l eor0ne1:·,.iyiU1Jin:i;fue}imil:it}m ' I Th'i! -j,udges, "ru,i.d all dther ,~fficers, 'mu~ ·be,inliabj.t~BJ-s b~ 1~e•o@uh~1e~-J?'t ·~\vh~fW~ey~~1;e ,·appbint~d:. TQ~,gov~r.nor, ~e111~ers ef \t?e: ~ :1~er~l •1i:@m~ly', ..~111~'. JUd~fs;,;· i't,<Ztri!e ':ftated·falanes out cef 'fhe public treafury, '(rom-wh!& 1\q ;m0ney ea-n ,'\)c ;draw.t:1,1i:bi:'ft,.,1!1 confeg_uence of appropriation l?y ,fa,v.::; :.All :o~ers ~ake-a,n oa\t1 qf Aid.~ity,th1difol}_ar ge the .duti¢s ,of ;th~1t-ofliGes, ~nd are ,liable to nnpea_clun~nt .for m1fconduct. •~~~ 'l e&i~:e_ 1 1 J r J ( ' ' • - ) ~ ~ ,. .}f~ ~ .r' •'1!' ,Tlbe'.counti, .it-is to;be •rnnembered, .has.ii11ce:been dM.dea .ana fu_bdivided. :3 T z , • • ,; I, ,I, -~-~;l. i~, I l 1 ': ,,, , ~,) i ~ ·' officers , �'.f, . TUC'K¥.' , . t " , • ' ., , o:ffic@rs rmij} fwear t ·af'tney 'nfive 'ot 1ufed bribery ·jn 'obfi inrefg their elecrio1 . ·-.Atr, , fo&.t;11i1afei~itizehs}J1vient •.. one years'oldJ,.havihg•-refi'ded"ih "tlie State ' two years~ or iti . the county. where they ofter to vote, o.ne year, have 'a1right try vote for,r prefehtatives; ' . 'andi 1fo.r. electors o'f fonators. and:"go.vemor; a Ha .are rprivileged from arreft, 'in civil _a c: tions, while atte ndirig tpat bufii1efs. ':fhe' Ge~eral Affe:rnby meets, o:p the firfi: Mot11 \ d~y-it} November in each yea.1•:J!·u:nlefs foo~er convened -by th'e go.ve nor.~ Each houfe clio'0Ibs.1 its 'f,peat-er an~i,olher officers/ judges of the' qualification' of its 'mer'nbers, \ma:· d~t~trni11es th;e 'r'ules ··~ its proc~edings, . of which a jour~a~.is ~ept a,nd pdbliihed,·weekly, •. u11lcis iecrecy be-reqmfite. The.tloors of both hou:l€s are kept 0pen.. The members ofi .th€ legiflature,~ \. hile-taftentling the public bufinefs~, are privileged'. from ai:refts in . civiI aetions, aBd may not be queftioned. e1fe,vhere for any thing faid in public1 debat~. h'npoach.m~nts•-a,re 'inade'by the lo-wer·houfe, ' artd 1 tri'ed hy the 11pper. All ' revd nie . •• bil1s ot-1g'inateiin tHe hoafe of "reprefeptati_ves, ·ana ah~ alllehclable l;>y the fenate: 'li}<e ' other bills. . E~ch bilT paffed by both ho,ufos: is prefented to the _govei:nor, who muft frgn i,t if,hc approve it _; 'if. not, he 'muft.retup1 it within fen days to the ·houfe in which: ·it;_orig~-0~ted ;; ~if.li.f.be not returned,' or i~ when retm:ried, 'i! be't -paffed ·by 'two.Jhirds: o b9tn~Jiol1Jfdsj li.t issa law without his fignature.- • The governor-Has 'power 1;o ~ Roint mo:.{11 pf-tl4e e*ecuhve toffices of th'e State;_to remit frnes-and fMfeifilres, ~nd'gta'nt.re:~ p1.1ieves ai,'.J,&pa dori13; • d:cept)ti•c~~s of i_mpeachJnen.t; cto require. information front e¼.!. •ec:1~ive .officer?) :to , co_n ven'e the q ~neral -~ffe~bly on ·extraordinary -o,cca~ons? and· aa;ourn them ,m afe ~ey -canno~ agref' ·on the time themfeives. He muft nlorm tJie Icgiflatute_rof the 'fta~· of. the ·commonwealth; \-ecomri;iend to them fuch meafurd· .as. he ihal!•-~l!l'd~e':exp~'dient ;' ~rid fee tnf.t the' la:vs1 are faith'fully exe,cuted. ~he· fpeaker:' cl the fenate • xbitMcs 'the' 6ffice of -governor m cafe of vacancy. Tpe legiilature ,has , po~erto f~rbid the 1tarther ,imp·ortatioh of ilaves; but not to emancipate thofe al'rea~y • i?- '~he' Slate' witho~1t the·· conYent , of', th<: 0\vne~, . or · payin.g a1_1 equi:7~ent: •. Treaf?it. agamft the eomm~nw~alth: confifts· only m levymg Wfl,f agarnft 1t, or m adherrng to it$..1 ' , ,) ' ; . • •• ·, . eueirlies,tigi.viwg them aid and eomfort('I tlk'go-aHer to. right their all; of equality • , ,The dedamtion of righf~ afferts, the civil ' v~rnm~~t'a~ any tii~e,; •li?~rty of confcien~e_; freedom. o~ ~lection~, and'?~ 'the yrefs_; . tna.l:by-Jut'y ; the iulfordmat10n of the .m1htary to the cw1l po.wet;; the rights- 0£ cp... m.inal~ tt>ll:\e.;;h~ard in their 'o,v.n' de'fen~e' ; •the right of the people tp _petition f9,r the ',· tedre~, 0 griev'~ncesf to. beai; arms, aricl1,·fo1_ emigrate frdm-the State. It prohibits mire'afonapltFkarches a nd :Ce;zures ; exceffive- b'ail; cpn:finement M de_btors, unlefs there l?e prefumptjo1i-of fraud; , fufpenfion of habeas· corpus writ, unlefs i11 rebellion or iJ,1va.fion '; ex. poit fa~0 ,la,~s ;' attainder hy the legi:Oi:1,ture; ftanding armies ;_ titles of ( • • • ' ,, . nobility. ,and heretlitary dif~iiictioi:J:. ·,. I I ' ,. Kentucky; while Virginia, of legiflature The LIT_ER'A.rr~R:E hAN':till iMPROVEMEN'l'~.J belo11ged·to'tliati St1he, 1-made provifi0111 for a cbllege in it, and endowed it with very c~n£derabl<d~n&d,fi.mds. r, The Rev: John Todd ga:ve a ver.y bandfome l~brary fur its: ufe. ) Sch<iols.-a.re ;e-ftablifhed iu the fcveral towns,. anu in general ,r-egubrly and hand-: . . . .fo~e1yH:'upported;,iv,:fhey liave wprinting.. office, and ;r>ubli{h a Weekly Gazette. They . ' haveYfJeehed, a,•p~ye~-~nir~al'f!oilt- :di:iU, 'fuilihg miUs", faw mills, and, a gr.eat number of . · . v~ltl$te grift ufnrlls.im~hei.-F t'llh wo;:k.s .la.re.1 rilorel1 than fufficient to,. fopfrly all. their· inhabitants, iat a,fll'.<:>* Hp'ric<W1I 'I'h~y>make ·eonfiderable ' quantities of fugar from the • • fogap ,ft'.ees ·!· ,L,ab6lll'.et&,/ pa.rtieufarly t1'adefihen, ·. are exe(;'.edingly want~d here. 1baF1k&i l>r- frather,precipices, of ' Kentuciy and Dick's riven, a-r~ B'l1hJ l t:Eis.t : ' '·Cu,1obs,11.r .Jo'· ~i~ecktined,fofiong ttFi.elna'tlifal! e1\riofi.fies of this country. •Here the a.flonifhed eye beh~lds ·300 ·o:r 400 f~et •of ·folid perpendicular"rock, in. fome parts, .of tl\e lin1e:ftonekind,: · , ., ( 5 10 ~ ~ 1 11 �~iqd; 3t:i4:fJt·<>.tJ1erJ 'Of ~.n e }~!]itec;Jilla l:>Jv~,,._cnrjgp{Ly lchfquer~Pl~~th ffeJ;1J:1 ·0(a~~mij:h-r,,, 11:.i -rG,gµ}ari~[ ·.~! 1;'~9f~ t1y;~~s ~ax:~i ~he{~~peap;111c~1 9(,q~eR t1,rt1fip~t~ anaj§.:i{Jhc:;n,\.h1g~ T?:'f'~Ytbrn),.MtJ~ c,ove:t;<;l ~ 1th ~~Jd,c~dar gl'.9)-Y:~S--, ·1 ,,, , ) I , • ')ti;, i l, •, ~.ilh'.i ·.1frh10.1 _J'J . ;,C<\v~p)nav;~ ,b.e; n .~1fcqy~!~d? 1n,_th1.~ co-gntrr, o(,0r,e~al1,:m,1le,Sj_ln Je,ngtfi,.uµ~9;'~r@:, ,fitn~ , lnp1 i o,qe -ro9]1., .1J.\1pp9-rt<td b¥ .9l1'¥-\QUS <'{rshe~-.a nd p111a ~tr,' 1Sp~•1:p.g~•tihi!..t ~~m!V ulp~u-:. !~OU;_~1 pro~t~r h~ve been,found m ,(ey.yr3(l,pa,rtR.(q( ~~ 1 9,unJrJ1 .' Op.t,!S p.ea~~l:l faLt fpn~g,_ , lll ,tue.·p~1gh~9mbo9!1 _q~ ,l3.eHm~~9ugl?, •~}T11ere ai:y·JP,J;<i:~ (prmgsj pr P9-f~S {!£' }?1tu_ m~n nea1~,vr,e en nveL,, \':h1ch 40:. n0t,fqrrq. a ft~~Atn,1 but, emp!'Yr ,the:µifelv.es; mt~ a <;QII)fp:on, :iteiCIJ O.ir~l a,:qd why~ 'llfed iµ Ja~ps,,1ianfwer ~11; th~ i;>utpqfe& o,~ thei_bt;:ft'.., 9ilc" Cqpp.fr:a ~ . anp. q-1,~ni arr.a,mo.ng the .mmeral~! o,f Keqtuc,k y . 1 ~.e<!r •~~~mgten ar~J9und,,~urr~u;t ~epvls&:e~, f'3}l o01~frla~ ik,d~tgns. ,l ' AA~, 1>,e t~ aif<;r~~!11 t)iat:P ' rµ.a;~, .}n or,, l)e,J,F;l,~~.:. '. wg\?!1,, havJ ng dt;tg fr~'<? iff !ix f<::_e t be~<n:" tl;l~,¼:vfacf_,of:,;t;l)e\~gr9:u,:qd, -~am~ )tp, ~ J~rg~ !. flat fton!?l iun1er whtc , 1W<\S,, a .we\~ .o f cq~mo~ . ·fl· _Rth,. •!egu~a~l,71 }}P.dI, cH,titie1~liJ,'4 flp 1t,<r<l.. • ' ' . I ~- ," ~· 1 • ' , "/y ,, • r ( ·c~: I 1) 'i!i,o lh.. I ' I ·:ui,:£- r:i:t • ~r\ roR YJ .~hougp th~ way whic1J tpok place _b~tween -Engfan~: al_'-l~l'Irance iri the~ y.~)ar,- 117_55_, , term1p~!ed ~o glonoufly, (or Great Bn~a1I1, ·~nd/t;curelY'for t?~'. then,c~lo-. m~s, ,rill we ,remamed ignorant , of, th~ whole -9£ t~e r :fil).e GOU1).try1)Y,~Pg,(,~etween the ~ig~ ~qls, whic~ , rite1 fro,m" Gi;~t S~dy , riv;er,. apwoximc!-te;.,,J_h~ ,JAJ~eg;t.n;y,~1 Mountain . . and ,1own the, Ohio, to 1tnwnflueneetw1ti..,, the -...::,M i-lliffinpi~,aI,)._ ~ 4 fl ~,._,. • ~ extendmbrr ti: =-c- ...~ F ' 1 ba~i tq \ no[e ri9-g½s '<>f. mountains which .tra;verfe1Arrterica in a· S., vv. _,by,W.,niireg.{101:ih uptil they are lpft in the}flat lands •qf W e,ft: Florida.. -H owever,, cv:rtaiB meJ:::1.:, .rPalled:: • L?hg Hunters, from V.irginia •and, North Carolina,. by.: ,penetr-ating th~.fe JP.9~Pt<!ini;,.,, (wpich ramify •into fl- cou~try; 2100 miles- over froi;n.-E. t9-M7'. car]le4 <theJAv:\LGleJine(s,}; wr.re f?,fcinated with the bea-µty and lwmriancc·ofthe·twuntry, on. tpe V{,½fte.nn.d.iste, Ill t . • A .grant l~ad been fo1q by the Six Nations of, Indians,Jo fqme,Britifh,1~pmuuilionets:a:t ~ ' Fort ~tanwix ip 17.68, whi?Jil: ,compre~e:-1.d~d . t~is \COl!ntzy? ,aqd' ':'[~:i~h;va~or!ilcd. t th~: A11?-e:mc~ns .,· l_)re_text for a!·'i;1ght t9_ :fett~e 1t ;; h~1t , t9of~ .In_d:1ail ,n_atrv:e&vW'lJ.q !;•v:erJ:; c~1:0t.., ~ncernei:l m the grant,. b~can:ie ddfatisfied w,ith the p~ofpe& of a fettlemept .which.., might ,becom~ ,fo dangerou6 a -thorn in their fide, apd.co·m mitted fome mq,,ffa.p:~s u.pon; the ,fu-ft ~x.p1qrer& of the coµntry., However, aft~r the exp~dition of Lord, DunmQre; in 1 77 4, • and the_battle at -th~ mouth of the ·Great, Kanha,y:ay, betwec:;n t~~f<\-~~ny 1ofl Colont::1 'Lewis and the .confederafed tribes of In~ians,, they·_wer~·in fome meafure qufot., . The Affcmply o( Virginia begq,n now to encourage th,e.peopling -that !liftria.0£. c'oujl... . try calle~ Kentucky, from the name of a river which runs nearJy thrsxµghthe ,middlu: 1.' of ¾t. , , ff his encouragement confifte4 in offering 400 acres o( land .to ~very>perfon,who ·{ ;n,g;aged to builq ~ccabin, de~ a piece of land, ~nd . P.rod?ce a o:roP. )of .Indifil,, .Qo.1rn••.y Tlus was cc1-lled a fettlement nght.- Some hundreds "o( thefe fett}tm~n;~~1Yf~-re. rn,a,tl1;h;., .. hut, in,the ;mea.n time,, Mr. Richatq, H enderfon~ of l'i!:orth-~arqlina,;,_,a,, ma!il .rof;;1i1;>1ilil-· c~nfiderabl: abili~ies, _and more ent_erpr.iie, had obtaine,d, ?- : gri:J.nh1fi:0111 .i:;,ti).e)~hercrke~ t tnbe of Indians for thIB fame tract; of country.; and though 1t YI¥ conjJ.:~roi;. Wrtib.e-Jaws, ✓ of the and for any :private citi~en to make· purchafes of: th~rJJp.~ia,:ns~tdb!~dYJr;i:~eni ,,. dedon perfevered in his inte~tiofl ~;>f yftabl~{hin~ a .co}qny ~t: ~!§ j'OW!l·-,oi~ N.$].ctl.'lial~yj took poffeifi<;m of the com;t,ry;,. w1.th many ~f his f9llp;1,;\ferq;. .'-YP~l.~ h~,ro.1;na1.n~~~prettJd . quiet, making \;ery little improvement, Virg~ni3:; be~ngt.at ~haf time.,.lintirtl)7' , €~!-l..1R.i.e1i ·1 with the W9-r,' which had- cqmmepced_between ~GrejlJi. ~ritai»1. i:Jf~ vth_t 1~Q_nt-Gde\l~t!;1<;b . .States. Mo,fl of the young men from tl}e ;b~ck fettl~~nt1? e( Virgi,qii'}I.i!rn,L Pe-A nfyLv,_a1 ·1 nia, ,v.:hc;>., _wo~1ld: have· migrated , to this ~ountry, ~h~v.irig egga.g§:d •in tlte,w,~tr,.irfor:JU.Gd • that body of men, called Rifle..:men ;. \~hich not. Qnly cl:iech;d tq~·grQw.tt,p{.tl 1eJ~ttJe::-1,i. ~ne.nt, but fo drie4 up_th,e four_~es of_ e!llig_ratior:i,. that it w~i near.being apniail~te.iL_,-Q~:1' the fury of the favage~~ . • • . . 'X(d!: 1 ...... l ) ! it ' ¼,l ~ : U • .., p 1.. �-~~Ht · ~ ~1 11rie-,egality ~bi •MJ~i.Y~ndeei7o~'s daiicl was iii:'"e•fi_ig~tedd:>;rt'he_iS-tate of Virgt~ia 'in -J''?8 r ;· anti tslwugli't~1tr.e' c0ulqtbe In~ ifort~.of eqmt~ m: 1t, -he havmg acted in}Wntempt of the State, thllegdla.ture, t,o" avoid feuds.,.or d1ftufbanc:es5 ,{i£0r, Hendarfon •ftil1 ·had ir,ifluence y' dgreecl, ,a'$Hll?, i11demn,i:fication ,{or ~the',,eKpeufe ain<ll· tr<>Jahle hei,haa been at; that he. fh1iuicl .l3e utto\v;ed a ' tra& of~oo¥,ntty ·t~ tnile~ f{1ua,ref lying ,in tb.<t· fat.ks •of the • .J~· '1 . ., , , , @hio a,hd Gre'e]l} .riwl'S t' a.uia-B::;of his ·own:'ciJufrng. , ; . Vi-r.g:i1l_:ikt~a\'.'..e fatd.1~r ·re"vvatd1> and en¢t)utagon.i<mts 1 a:t . ti-1.is fime to :the firff;fettler:s, for the perils they had &ndergo1:;i:e ,.i1,1Ah~-eiflal}liflfrn~nt oftheir •fettlement, of a tract of: - iooa icres, called a pre-emption. right, \t:0 be laid off adjoining to: the fettlement of 400 acres, the .w.a:ntee only paying office-fees for the fame. After this ,period, (i. e. 178 i) a fatrd ◊ffice ,vas :ope1"ltd by.the Sfate, .g1'aNting',war!·a11ts for any qua_ntity of -unfoca:ted la~1d, . upon condition of -certacin. Cums of the depreciated continental cur- . 1'~ncy ~eing pai~ i\ ~t~ the -treafi.,ite, at fo much J,or . 1 Go acres. The grea~ plenty ancl httle value o~ thu? ~ on~y _foon ~aufe_d the _w~ol~ C?OU_ntry ,to be loeated, w111ch was one bf ) he ma.ten.al ca~fe~ o:f lits rapid popuhit1on. _ • It was neceffa,ry, -in the management .of ithis b.u:fin:efs, ,t'b:at care _fttould ,~e taken to - ,:Pnw:ent that perplexity and litigation, whidi the vague 1mann.er <in ,which that bufoiefs 'Wa,s tn;.:ecute-d lll ,niany ~mlfta,nces wcmid Receffai:iiy produce. ' For this pU:rp0fe, three priacipal foryey:ors rwet"e ,~ppt>iflt.ed, \vli0 were lo lay -or caufc -to be 1<1:id ofi:: hy their <lepmties, tne cli:ijerera-t lociti&ns'-'o/i.t:J_im. ,fhe limits ,o f their dift1j&s-: . tliis ,being done, an~ t:ec.o.rd~d rill "the s0ffice" the ortgin,al fotlVe,y was fen'Lto the ,deputy r-egi.Uer'.s office; 1.lh'.e-re "4lc,' be _tecpr8e<lL;· from ·which it was' feijt t0 the pr,incipal -i1eg~fter's 0ffiee at Ri~h~ dila/ ~h~ 'f~~t ~t 'g0v~_~i~m.e-~1t,,"th_er~. !b ' tem~i~ tw6!ve ~6iiths~ • in -_?rrder: .t~a1 anx ·perfon .h. av 111'-' a:_cla,1111;, !by . v,1rfne '.o f ,pr10r l0cahon, ·aught have,an oppor~umty -to ·enter ·' "'•l-1• ' ) ... ~ '\i,.1 l. )'';\ . ' -,; h"1 ....Ir.. · r,:,. • ~• a ta:'':_e'a ? fn}'.11"":preye '.~' a , :f~~fJJ.hi:_ious ,grant ~r~ ,i!.iu~q~: :':?mmi~ii~mer~ :w~re alfq feift! t0 'a0>J\il•ft the ·elainul :of feftih:m:e11t antl·pre-emption nghts ,;1 by·wh1ch means order ', ,c,,, , f'll i'' d .;-, 'ii J . .,.... -, if d·lli •..n f - r, . , ~ ::J " • l ;.n d .r. .a ~as :l?f?erv~a, ti;n . :!re go';ernm~1:1t o }f frLq_µ~ 0 •con9try, "-'t~tac 1e1:1.~ ,a:n ;. 1epara~eu. at :tha'.t 1!1rne i:nc'Jr~ than 290 miles from 3:ny: 9ther (ettled fOUnfry. - ' ' :• , • ' . . : 'The Y~e.rs 1783 and 17-84 brought out yaft-_hUJU_bers of e!1}igrants . frotn all parts of :A'tnerifa, ' Pc!tlticu}arly the, fatter yeai', wh'.en it was ·fuppofed that i!i 'I{,entucky aloa.e. nb~ lefs than rn,ooo (ouls ,b eca~e· fettlers_' ; feyeral Europ~aris fr0m Ft-ance, Ei1glan~ and rl reland, we1:e among the number. In 1783, 1784, and 11785, gteat part of the e0uptcy was'iuriveyed ah~ -patented, and th~ people.in' the,interior fett-l~ments purfued, tltei'i:' 1bu•finefs111 as ;mltch·qnietiand fa'fety ·as they ,could ;have done in-any part of 1Eu!?Pt:,:' ~~ourt~h9~fS'}Ye~e ,1?u~:1t,1 jn1tpe di~e,re\Jt -CQ,til1_~i~s; a11a ro'aq,s w~re opened for ' ,.~.,,ttl'l:ages,,, 'Y'h1~li (~:V,€:ti-Jea.n§ be:f9rd1ad nqJ _],:,et$ {ern. 1n, ,th.e _,c,pun~~Y· fl he ·only roads ~itaerto-1,rere"for i:fi~gl~•,horfes., ('( ~ , ; f ,, , ,.., ,. n, ,l J .1.;:./ ~ . • . •': _:~ri' tr:,7:~J;: ~tie'~ilinir~~(, ~a:d -gr'd_\.yn ! fo ,confidera:?1e;fro!ll ·t11e.' great ,'number of emi, ,(1'-,> .....;:: •• , h 1;. ,t_,i .~! , ., , ;1,1, ...,t ·d " "-'t:l "') r, r, , ,h ' b'l't 1,n .1-:· 'li ' · n .,:i • } •• • ,_ ,1 . • ,1 ed gi:~P,-l§,})"'nIS,...f.la,\1-J !·rf};ve_ ;'b £ !1,:.:. •lf.1,at Ff P,e~t.<J-.,. 1 1 y; :W~:~<2 )~ ,pa\_-l, ,~s.q_Ulf!:Xil. prouuc . a ,tli[p:cditib~lin ,~ti~ i1,~,f01ta.nts,101b.eootne.1an: independent1~ta:k, and to _be -admitted as .another,~link &in:fi.t:h e grci\:t 'foder-0:l ohaim- A eonvcntio.ntw-a~ •immediately foPmed by ' , -.fe#dinWU'~i~tie'. ~(t~m t4e A:iff€r<';n{~J>tlhties, _~vho pi~t 'at"Da,.i1f ih~~\J<:ir the·purpo(e of ,, 1: •l-'ll lf;l:,.._,., •. n .w),tf.;-·,.,,n ,i-,H'.'11.-·, . .... .) "'· h . ., a . ····a··· L •.r. . - ·- a h ,. ta;11.1,n ~-,!net1l;l,~t(~,.!Qf?i ~O~j\~r~J1on,;, ,\"} _GU 1t / \V'aS : et.eFJl}-111,C. n a1t~i:,.,1oµi 7. e_ atmg, ,.fu, pet1t10n .Vtirgumt {,or:thaLpurspofe. . ,F,.{owev:er,, ,this ,buiinefs •was ,procraftrnated ; for .finding, thou_gh'.fheyniiglit fep.arate -whenever they chofe,iyet-'that -it was optional with the legiflature ofVirginia -to -recommend them to be taken i_nto the ·federal goveri\ment (which they we~e not'likely to _do, ·and which -it was cert3:in could ·not be done with:. .put,) they w:en; ~ontent to remaiu as they were for that time. 0 1a 1 ___,, _ ,.. J 1 -- ' The �N O RT H· • CA R b LIN A. ,I government in- the comfe pf the ,year J785, undertook fo fay; off' the The;,federaI 1 countvy weft ,of the Ohio, in fuch man·ner as would anfvver the purpofe. of folling the. -}and, and fetti11g. the country- ; but, owing to a variety ef caufos, their progiefs was very ilo'\v:. , r ll'6wever, fome: land·was furveyed in 1786 and 1787', and :in. the latte,r: year i:i. fettlement was formed upon .the'Muilingum, whic;:h may b9 look~d:upon as the commencement of th½ American fettlements 'upon · the weftern fide of the_.Ohio:. Jn, ·1.788 and ·1789, [Qme farther fur:veying was done ; i_ but lit_tle £nee. bas been tranfa&~<t: ' in _thofe parts) except \\'.'ars between_the Ii:iiians-am:it the fettlers. , I . . . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The American Geography, 1794 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morse, Jedidiah Subject The topic of the resource United States--Description and travel--Early works to 1800 United States--Description and travel--Maps London (England)--Imprints--18th century Description An account of the resource Title page of A view of the present situation of the United States of America, containing astronomical geography, geographical definitions, discovery, and general description. Included is a particular description of Kentucky, the Western territory, map of the northern and middle states, comprehending the Western territory and the British dominions in North America. The publication includes three maps of Kentucky by John Filson.<br /><br />For the complete title, see the New York Public Library Digital Collections at <a href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5b015bc0-c5d4-012f-4f5e-58d385a7bc34" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5b015bc0-c5d4-012f-4f5e-58d385a7bc34</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1794 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Filson, John Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available London: Printed for J. Stockdale Relation A related resource cbf0002 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB 917.3 M885 1794 London Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RB 917.3 M885 1794 London, Rare Book Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource book Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1790s 18th century astronomy British Geography map north america pamphlets Spanish travelogue western territory https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/34b50b471310d92c21c85ea568dbceb6.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=rpF6Az0RLiwA7wehmAUjuDNvjH-kFPgZoN5BUBtY7PUii-rHodMCQGBUWptiecjTl441IthmsejmY7tniGl551RkbrzAaIApWFiQ5uclzbyBfU0smIUJLXGDaTd1mcatYEGF2wW6MG3p6twjoyfL-kOZwGjvUsh0rrlo6bnLT4vEjyC%7EWK5TkGBlWUbgRm4dVkvn0YpLtA9marLuspo29zSeBMMG4hMYqo-Bh5bWyconxlumzFkbJbT3Utxf-864yeVgCPggys47oH4EKh7z6ypO8FvHcrKNj7RNR8pkbZq0eG-KbnSpM5jNPR4C%7EUh1yh3f1LHEGJnK1YsWRyxhCw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 192f7d144b334e37d3d869840ae24742 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource State of the British and French colonies in North America, 1755 Subject The topic of the resource Frontier and pioneer life--North America--Early works to 1800 Great Britain--Colonies--America--Early works to 1800 France--Colonies--America--Early works to 1800 London (England)--Imprints--18th century United States--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 United States--History--French and Indian War, 1755-1763 United States--Politics and government--1755-1763 Colonization Settler colonialism Description An account of the resource Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=CtBbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA3&amp;hl=en" target="_blank" title="State of the British and French Colonies in North America" rel="noreferrer noopener">State of the British and French Colonies in North America</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1755 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available London: printed for A. Millar Relation A related resource bbf0107 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB 973.26 S797 1755 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rare Book Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 1750s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource book Language A language of the resource eng British british colonies canada climate colonial period colonies forts French french colonies government Indigenous Peoples Native Americans pamphlets politics https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/60e51b2f85bab8950b4aae05d7e63c14.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=R%7EZy7cLGPe%7EppY6MdDobANOG3x7CCe4wcqWFPgHo5D7OvcwjKCkdcODJvalW6JfkRlwj71B6ePF5KUGZIcHjsMsVYu9R29p7TkdXNhQ7oQxd5bVZ7Yrbqc1EkAkITHsQ6H25mPb5L%7EWIpN6TUJ8VIK-0g99PfPG-t1JLY3%7EM49C%7E5bZ1c3A3jf4UPtnF%7EaN6348B7BSQJ8z9iwFQYM-jM9EEZg2v45C8asEHXw%7Ew-CUh6VKeSdb5odqYNRqo2S8Ecd0%7EggyrARuMF0o-Ov6coZ5OBt0OkhOsCSKoy2kSvfJ77P%7EUFi4Pp9h5QLP%7EOk2nlqFnV5g9LRp4sDpgwO32Xg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c6ece940946354ed4f5a2f3d4e5da9fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Travels through the states of North America, and the provinces of upper and lower Canada, during the years 1795, 1796, and 1797. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Weld, Isaac Subject The topic of the resource United States--Description and travel--Early works to 1800 Canada--Description and travel--Early works to 1800 London (England)--Imprints--19th century Description An account of the resource Includes view of the natural Rock Bridge, houses, conditions of the enslaved peoples,the land, cultivating tobacco, lower classes of people in Virginia, unhealthy apperances, the Shenandoa Valley, German immigratnts, landscapes, military titles that are common in America, Irish immigrants, etc. Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IKwNAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA1&amp;hl=en" title="Travels Through the States of North America, and the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, During the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797">Travels Through the States of North America, and the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, During the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797.</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1800 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available London: Printed for J. Stockdale Relation A related resource bbf0093 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB 917.3 W443 1800 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RB 917.3 W443 1800, Rare Book Collection, The Filson Historical Society Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century 1790s 1800s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource travelogue Language A language of the resource en African American agriculture canada climate clothing clover enslaved persons enslavement European Immigrants farming fashion german immigrants immigration irish immigrants military titles natural history natural rock bridge nature public health social class tobacco travel travelogue wheat Women https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/34455/archive/files/5ac9887e58e0973a83b0ff995aee5690.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=Ap-FQ7uTrN4xnrYzITTaLIERnEbTDBeyMzzzyXXUvTmmfbrL2swDQ%7EFfH4wAB6E6mLYlQZwUWzcPenNEqD%7EMqbwc2RzPH%7ETh7irPgW4fHC%7ExpozKKPRiqdK468-HpXeKbxQ6xVEkPx7JzMHbbMy6QuheBPjezU9dtzDMr-%7E3l8hLc7aJw7JWM3B9IS4ef3q0jbIGxGbcEK8AVNs7zXe2FsQ8tBzPsBLWhvAYitFzgxXDywkimqFLdL0Yt6cYn%7E5ORI6jIV38cWXgwEY4fb8%7E3jH4JWugsHLwk2iiwfnP0KQtNMmBbNtRhtzhn41sGjom1IXP8yYLjeR%7E7b0q1OMoRQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b818cf6d2578836cbfdf8dd2a51b5f59 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First American West, 1750-1820 Description An account of the resource Drawing from many historical collections at the Filson Historical Society, First American West incorporates maps, diaries, letters, ledgers, and objects. The collection documents the travels of the first Europeans to enter the trans-Appalachian West, the maps tracing their explorations, their relations with Native Americans, and their theories about the region's mounds and other ancient earthworks. Naturalists and other scientists describe Western bird life and bones of prehistoric animals. Books and letters document the new settlers' migration and acquisition of land, navigation down the Ohio River, planting of crops, and trade in tobacco, horses, and whiskey.<br /><br />The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 consists of 15,000 pages of original historical material documenting the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century.<br /><br /><p></p> <table border="0" style="width:99.7863%;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:hidden;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);float:left;" cellpadding="25"><tbody><tr><td style="width:40%;"><a href="https://www.neh.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-08/NEH-Preferred-Seal820.jpg?itok=VyHHX8pd" width="328" height="149" alt="NEH Preferred Seal" /></a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"> <h5>First American West was generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.</h5> </td> </tr></tbody></table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Corlis-Respess Family Papers (1698-1984), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Papers (1780-1800), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Foote Family Papers (1759-1987), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Henry Family Papers (1773-1864), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Wesley Hunt Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Harry Innes Papers (1792-1849), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky John Jeremiah Jacob Papers (1806-1851), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Meriwether William and George Wood Papers (1780-1831), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Nall Family Papers (1797-1945), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pirtle-Rogers Family Papers (1797-1875), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Pottinger Family Papers (1631-1932), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Rogers-Woodson Family Papers (1789-1890), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Isaac Shelby papers (1760-1839), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Shelby-Bruen Family Papers (1761-1916), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Charles Wilkins Short Papers (1802-1869), The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Museum Collection, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FAW Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Travels in North-America, in the years 1780-81-82 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Francois Jean, Marquis de Chastellux Subject The topic of the resource United States--Description and travel--Early works to 1800 New York (N. Y.)--Imprints--19th century Description An account of the resource Translated from the French by an English gentleman, who resided in America at the period, with notes by the translator. Also, a biographical sketch of the author, letters from Gen. Washington to the Marquis de Chastellux, and notes and corrections by the American editor. Full version of this text available at <a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=_j9HAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA26&amp;hl=en" target="_blank" title="Travels in North-America, in the Years 1780-81-82" rel="noreferrer noopener">Travels in North-America, in the Years 1780-81-82</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1828 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grieve, George; Washington, George Relation A related resource bbf0085 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RB917.3_C489t_1828 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Filson Historical Society Rare Book Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 18th century 19th century 1780s 1820s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource travelogue pamphlets Language A language of the resource en Appalachia Appalachian mountains mountains pamphlets travel travelogue