The Filson Historical Society Digital Projects

Weddings and Marriages on the Plantation

While marriages between enslaved people were not legally recognized by the state, they were a custom that provided stability and community in the uncertain world of enslavement. Still, the threat of sale away from spouse and children was ever-present, and enslavers who encouraged marriage on their plantations also stoof to financially benefit from the growth of enslaved families.  

Beck

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This 1842 letter from Mildred Ann Bullitt to her son, Thomas, lists the enslaved people at Oxmoor that were married recently.

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The second page of a letter from Mildred Ann Bullitt to her son, Thomas Walker Bullitt, mentioning Tinah's engagement, April 1859.

Tinah and Will

Tinah, one of the people enslaved by William Christian Bullitt, became engaged to Will Green, a free Black man, in April 1859. Little information is given on where he was from or how long they had known each other, but Will and Tinah were married in early May.

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The second page of a letter from Mildred Ann Bullitt to her son, Thomas Walker Bullitt, describing Tinah's wedding, May 1859.

At her wedding, Tinah was described as an “Indian Queen” by a member of the Bullitt family. She wore children’s gloves and Helen Bullitt’s top, and was adorned with flowers, a sash, and a three-yard-long veil atop her white dress. Caroline, Tinah, and Mildred Ann Bullitt worked on the supper, and Sabra and Mildred decorated the table. Mildred Ann Bullitt described Tinah as “the happiest bride I’ve almost ever seen.”

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A letter from Mildred Ann Bullitt to her son, Thomas Walker Bullitt, discussing Helen Bullitt and Beck, May 1859.

Less than two weeks after Tinah's wedding, Mildred Ann Bullitt writes that her daughter, Helen, “has trouble” with Beck. Mildred mentions that the Bullitt family might move some of the women they enslave to Cottonwood. 

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A note sent with Mildred Ann Bullitt's letter to her son, Thomas Walker Bullitt, writing: "Henry Shipp fell dead this evening (carriage driver)," July 11th, 1859.

Henry and Eliza 

Henry Shipp, who drove the Bullitt’s horse-drawn carriage, was married to Eliza Julia, who was enslaved at another plantation. 

In a letter to her son, John, Mildred Ann Bullitt quotes Henry in a conversation he had with his wife. Here, Henry is showing Eliza a photograph, saying, "Look, baby, see that house filled with a heap or little wifes in it, but you and I aren't there, are we, baby?"

Henry died in July 1859, as told by Mildred Ann Bullitt in a small note attached to a letter for her son, Thomas Walker.